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Hui Xiao ab10ea0aac Add in-memory data structures and (de)serialization support for subcompaction progress (#13928)
Summary:
**Context**
Resuming compaction is designed to periodically record the progress of an ongoing compaction and can resume from that saved progress after interruptions such as cancellation, database shutdown, or crashes.

This PR introduces the data structures needed to store  subcompaction progress in memory, along with serialization and deserialization support to persist and parse this progress to/from "a manifest-like compaction progress file" (the actual creation of such file is in upcoming PRs).

Flow of resuming: DB::OpenAndCompact() -> Compaction progress file  -> SubcompactionProgress -> CompactionJob
Flow of persistence: CompactionJob -> SubcompactionProgress -> Compaction progress file  -> DB that is called with OpenAndCompact()

**Summary**
Progress represented by `SubcompactionProgress` will be tracked at the scope of a subcompaction, which is the smallest independent unit of compaction work.

The frequency of recording this progress is once every N compaction output files (to be detailed in future PRs).

When recording, all fields, except for the output files metadata in `SubcompactionProgress`, will directly overwrite the corresponding fields from the last saved progress (See `SubcompactionProgress` and `SubcompactionProgressBuilder` for more).

As a bonus, this PR refactors the file metadata encoding and decoding utilities into two static helper functions, EncodeToNewFile4() and DecodeNewFile4From(), to support subcompaction progress usage.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/13928

Test Plan:
- Added various `SubcompactionProgressTest` unit tests in version_edit_test.cc to verify basic serialization/deserialization and forward compatibility handling
- Existing UTs and stress/crash test

**Follow up:**
- Move output entry number and file verification to after each file creation so we can remove kNumProcessedOutputRecords persistence support and make resuming compaction work with `paranoid_file_checks=true` (by default false). Output verification will be done before persistence of progress. As long as this follow-up is done before the landing of the integration PR to create the progress file, we can change the manifest-like compaction progress file format freely.

Reviewed By: jaykorean

Differential Revision: D81986583

Pulled By: hx235

fbshipit-source-id: b42766da7d9c2e2f596c892d050c753238d1039f
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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

CircleCI Status

RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key-value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it especially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/main/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Questions and discussions are welcome on the RocksDB Developers Public Facebook group and email list on Google Groups.

License

RocksDB is dual-licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.

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