mirror of
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/coreutils.git
synced 2026-10-31 18:44:38 +03:00
Big pr update from Roland Huebner.
This commit is contained in:
Jim Meyering
@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ by the Foundation.
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@end titlepage
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@c If your makeinfo doesn't grok this @ifnottex directive, then either
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@c get a newer version of makeinfo or do s/ifnottex/ifinfo/ here and on
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@c the matching @end directive below.
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@ifnottex
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@node Top
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@top GNU text utilities
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@@ -961,23 +964,43 @@ optionally outputting in multicolumn format; optionally merges all
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pr [@var{option}]@dots{} [@var{file}]@dots{}
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@end example
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By default, a 5-line header is printed: two blank lines; a line with the
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date, the file name, and the page count; and two more blank lines. A
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footer of five blank lines is also printed. With the @samp{-f} option, a
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3-line header is printed: the leading two blank lines are omitted; no
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||||
footer used. The default @var{page_length} in both cases is 66 lines.
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The text line of the header takes up the full @var{page_width} in the
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form @samp{yy-mm-dd HH:MM string Page nnnn}. String is a centered
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string.
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By default, a 5-line header is printed at each page: two blank lines;
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a line with the date, the filename, and the page count; and two more
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blank lines. A footer of five blank lines is also printed. With the @samp{-F}
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option, a 3-line header is printed: the leading two blank lines are
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omitted; no footer is used. The default @var{page_length} in both cases is 66
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lines. The default number of text lines changes from 56 (without @samp{-F})
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to 63 (with @samp{-F}). The text line of the header takes up the full
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@var{page_width} in the form @samp{yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM string Page nnnn}.
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String is a centered header string.
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Form feeds in the input cause page breaks in the output. Multiple form
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Form feeds in the input cause page breaks in the output. Multiple form
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feeds produce empty pages.
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Columns have equal width, separated by an optional string (default
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space). Lines will always be truncated to line width (default 72),
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unless you use the @samp{-j} option. For single column output no line
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truncation occurs by default. Use @samp{-w} option to truncate lines
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in that case.
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Columns are of equal width, separated by an optional string (default
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is @samp{space}). For multicolumn output, lines will always be truncated to
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@var{page_width} (default 72), unless you use the @samp{-J} option. For single
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column output no line truncation occurs by default. Use @samp{-W} option to
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truncate lines in that case.
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Including version 1.22i:
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Some small @var{letter options} (@samp{-s}, @samp{-w}) has been redefined
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with the object of a better @var{posix} compliance. The output of some
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further cases has been adapted to other @var{unix}es. A violation of
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downward compatibility has to be accepted.
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Some @var{new capital letter} options (@samp{-J}, @samp{-S}, @samp{-W})
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has been introduced to turn off unexpected interferences of small letter
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options. The @samp{-N} option and the second argument @var{last_page}
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of @samp{+FIRST_PAGE} offer more flexibility. The detailed handling of
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form feeds set in the input files requires @samp{-T} option.
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Capital letter options dominate small letter ones.
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Some of the option-arguments (compare @samp{-s}, @samp{-S}, @samp{-e},
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@samp{-i}, @samp{-n}) cannot be specified as separate arguments from the
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preceding option letter (already stated in the @var{posix} specification).
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The program accepts the following options. Also see @ref{Common options}.
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@@ -987,32 +1010,39 @@ The program accepts the following options. Also see @ref{Common options}.
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@itemx --pages=@var{first_page}[:@var{last_page}]
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@opindex +@var{first_page}[:@var{last_page}]
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@opindex --pages
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Begin printing with page @var{first_page} and stop with
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@var{last_page}. Missing @samp{:@var{last_page}} implies end of file. While
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estimating the number of skipped pages each form feed in the input file
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results in a new page. Page counting with and without
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@samp{+@var{first_page}} is identical. By default, it starts with the
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first page of input file (not first page printed). Page numbering may be
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altered by @samp{-N} option.
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Begin printing with page @var{first_page} and stop with @var{last_page}.
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Missing @samp{:@var{last_page}} implies end of file. While estimating
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the number of skipped pages each form feed in the input file results
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in a new page. Page counting with and without @samp{+@var{first_page}}
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is identical. By default, counting starts with the first page of input
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file (not first page printed). Line numbering may be altered by @samp{-N}
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option.
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@item -@var{column}
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@itemx --columns=@var{column}
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@opindex -@var{column}
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@opindex --columns
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@cindex down columns
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With each single @var{file}, produce @var{column}-column output and
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print columns down. The column width is automatically estimated from
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@var{page_width}. This option might well cause some columns to be
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truncated. The number of lines in the columns on each page will be
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balanced. @samp{-@var{column}} may not be used with @samp{-m} option.
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With each single @var{file}, produce @var{column} columns of output
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(default is 1) and print columns down, unless @samp{-a} is used. The
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column width is automatically decreased as @var{column} increases; unless
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you use the @samp{-W/-w} option to increase @var{page_width} as well.
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This option might well cause some lines to be truncated. The number of
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lines in the columns on each page are balanced. The options @samp{-e}
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and @samp{-i} are on for multiple text-column output. Together with
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@samp{-J} option column alignment and line truncation is turned off.
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Lines of full length are joined in a free field format and @samp{-S}
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option may set field separators. @samp{-@var{column}} may not be used
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with @samp{-m} option.
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@item -a
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@itemx --across
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@opindex -a
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@opindex --across
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@cindex across columns
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With each single @var{file}, print columns across rather than down.
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@var{column} must be greater than one.
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With each single @var{file}, print columns across rather than down. The
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@samp{-@var{column}} option must be given with @var{column} greater than one.
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If a line is too long to fit in a column, it is truncated.
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@item -c
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@itemx --show-control-chars
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@@ -1034,7 +1064,7 @@ Double space the output.
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@opindex -e
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@opindex --expand-tabs
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@cindex input tabs
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Expand tabs to spaces on input. Optional argument @var{in-tabchar} is
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Expand @var{tab}s to spaces on input. Optional argument @var{in-tabchar} is
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the input tab character (default is @key{TAB}). Second optional
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argument @var{in-tabwidth} is the input tab character's width (default
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is 8).
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||||
@@ -1045,93 +1075,110 @@ is 8).
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@opindex -F
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@opindex -f
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||||
@opindex --form-feed
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Use a form feed instead of newlines to separate output pages. Default
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page length of 66 lines is not altered. But the number of lines of text
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per page changes from 56 to 63 lines.
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Use a form feed instead of newlines to separate output pages. The default
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page length of 66 lines is not altered. But the number of lines of text
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per page changes from default 56 to 63 lines.
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@item -h @var{HEADER}
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@itemx --header=@var{HEADER}
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@opindex -h
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@opindex --header
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Replace the file name in the header with the centered string
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@var{header}. Left-hand-side truncation (marked by a @samp{*}) may occur
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if the total header line @samp{yy-mm-dd HH:MM HEADER Page nnnn}
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becomes larger than @var{page_width}. @samp{-h ""} prints a blank line
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||||
header. Don't use @samp{-h""}. A space between the -h option and the
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||||
argument is always peremptory.
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||||
Replace the filename in the header with the centered string @var{header}.
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||||
Left-hand-side truncation (marked by a @samp{*}) may occur if the total
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header line @samp{yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM HEADER Page nnnn} becomes larger than
|
||||
@var{page_width}. @samp{-h ""} prints a blank line header. Don't use
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||||
@samp{-h""}.
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||||
A space between the @samp{-h} option and the argument is always
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indispensable.
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@item -i[@var{out-tabchar}[@var{out-tabwidth}]]
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@itemx --output-tabs[=@var{out-tabchar}[@var{out-tabwidth}]]
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@opindex -i
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@opindex --output-tabs
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@cindex output tabs
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Replace spaces with tabs on output. Optional argument @var{out-tabchar}
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Replace spaces with @var{tab}s on output. Optional argument @var{out-tabchar}
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||||
is the output tab character (default is @key{TAB}). Second optional
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argument @var{out-tabwidth} is the output tab character's width (default
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is 8).
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@item -j
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@item -J
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@itemx --join-lines
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@opindex -j
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||||
@opindex -J
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@opindex --join-lines
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Merge lines of full length. Used together with the column options
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@samp{-@var{column}}, @samp{-a -@var{column}} or @samp{-m}. Turns off
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@samp{-w} line truncation; no column alignment used; may be used with
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@samp{-s[@var{separator}]}.
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Merge lines of full length. Used together with the column options
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@samp{-@var{column}}, @samp{-a -@var{column}} or @samp{-m}. Turns off
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||||
@samp{-W/-w} line truncation;
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no column alignment used; may be used with @samp{-S[@var{string}]}.
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||||
@samp{-J} has been introduced (together with @samp{-W} and @samp{-S})
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||||
to disentangle the old (@var{posix} compliant) options @samp{-w} and
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@samp{-s} along with the three column options.
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||||
@item -l @var{page_length}
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@itemx --length=@var{page_length}
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@opindex -l
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@opindex --length
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Set the page length to @var{page_length} (default 66) lines. If
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@var{page_length} is less than or equal 10 (and <= 3 with @samp{-f}),
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the headers and footers are omitted, and all form feeds set in input
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||||
files are eliminated, as if the @samp{-T} option had been given.
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||||
Set the page length to @var{page_length} (default 66) lines, including
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||||
the lines of the header [and the footer]. If @var{page_length} is less
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||||
than or equal 10 (and <= 3 with @samp{-F}), the header and footer are
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||||
omitted, and all form feeds set in input files are eliminated, as if
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the @samp{-T} option had been given.
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@item -m
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@itemx --merge
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@opindex -m
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||||
@opindex --merge
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||||
Merge and print all @var{file}s in parallel, one in each column. If a
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||||
line is too long to fit in a column, it is truncated (but see
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@samp{-j}). @samp{-s[@var{separator}]} may be used. Empty pages in some
|
||||
@var{file}s (form feeds set) produce empty columns, still marked by
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||||
@var{separator}. Completely empty common pages show no separators or
|
||||
line numbers. The default header becomes
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||||
@samp{yy-mm-dd HH:MM <blanks> Page nnnn}; may be used with
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||||
@samp{-h @var{header}} to fill up the middle part.
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||||
|
||||
Merge and print all @var{file}s in parallel, one in each column. If a
|
||||
line is too long to fit in a column, it is truncated, unless @samp{-J}
|
||||
option is used. @samp{-S[@var{string}]} may be used. Empty pages in
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||||
some @var{file}s (form feeds set) produce empty columns, still marked
|
||||
by @var{string}. The result is a continuous line numbering and column
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||||
marking throughout the whole merged file. Completely empty merged pages
|
||||
show no separators or line numbers. The default header becomes
|
||||
@samp{yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM <blanks> Page nnnn}; may be used with
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||||
@samp{-h @var{header}} to fill up the middle blank part.
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||||
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@item -n[@var{number-separator}[@var{digits}]]
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@itemx --number-lines[=@var{number-separator}[@var{digits}]]
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||||
@opindex -n
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@opindex --number-lines
|
||||
Precede each column with a line number; with parallel @var{file}s
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||||
(@samp{-m}), precede only each line with a line number. Optional argument
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||||
@var{number-separator} is the character to print after each number
|
||||
(default is @key{TAB}). Optional argument @var{digits} is the number of
|
||||
digits per line number (default is 5). Default line counting starts with
|
||||
first line of the input file (not with the first line printed, see
|
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@samp{-N}).
|
||||
Provide @var{digits} digit line numbering (default for @var{digits} is
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||||
5). With multicolumn output the number occupies the first @var{digits}
|
||||
column positions of each text column or only each line of @samp{-m}
|
||||
output. With single column output the number precedes each line just as
|
||||
@samp{-m} does. Default counting of the line numbers starts with 1st
|
||||
line of the input file (not the 1st line printed, compare the
|
||||
@samp{--page} option and @samp{-N} option).
|
||||
Optional argument @var{number-separator} is the character appended to
|
||||
the line number to separate it from the text followed. The default
|
||||
separator is a @key{TAB}. In a strict sense a @key{TAB} is always
|
||||
printed with single column output only. The @var{TAB}-width varies
|
||||
with the @var{TAB}-position, e.g. with the left @var{margin} specified
|
||||
by @samp{-o} option. With multicolumn output priority is given to
|
||||
@samp{equal width of output columns} (a @var{posix} specification).
|
||||
The @var{TAB}-width is fixed to the value of the 1st column and does
|
||||
not change with different values of left @var{margin}. That means a
|
||||
fixed number of spaces is always printed in the place of the
|
||||
@var{number-separator tab}. The tabification depends upon the output
|
||||
position.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -N @var{line_number}
|
||||
@itemx --first-line-number=@var{line_number}
|
||||
@opindex -N
|
||||
@opindex --first-line-number
|
||||
Start line counting with no. @var{line_number} at first line of first
|
||||
page printed.
|
||||
Start line counting with the number @var{line_number} at first line of
|
||||
first page printed (in most cases not the first line of the input file).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -o @var{n}
|
||||
@itemx --indent=@var{n}
|
||||
@item -o @var{margin}
|
||||
@itemx --indent=@var{margin}
|
||||
@opindex -o
|
||||
@opindex --indent
|
||||
@cindex indenting lines
|
||||
@cindex left margin
|
||||
Indent each line with @var{n} (default is zero) spaces wide, i.e., set
|
||||
the left margin. The total page width is @var{n} plus the width set
|
||||
with the @samp{-w} option.
|
||||
Indent each line with a margin @var{margin} spaces wide (default is zero).
|
||||
The total page width is the size of the margin plus the @var{page_width}
|
||||
set with the @samp{-W/-w} option. A limited overflow may occur with
|
||||
numbered single column output (compare @samp{-n} option).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -r
|
||||
@itemx --no-file-warnings
|
||||
@@ -1140,34 +1187,50 @@ with the @samp{-w} option.
|
||||
Do not print a warning message when an argument @var{file} cannot be
|
||||
opened. (The exit status will still be nonzero, however.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -s[@var{separator}]
|
||||
@itemx --separator[=@var{separator}]
|
||||
@item -s[@var{char}]
|
||||
@itemx --separator[=@var{char}]
|
||||
@opindex -s
|
||||
@opindex --separator
|
||||
Separate columns by a string @var{separator}. Don't use
|
||||
@samp{-s @var{separator}}, no space between flag and argument. If this
|
||||
option is omitted altogether, the default is @key{TAB} together with
|
||||
@samp{-j} option and space otherwise (same as @samp{-s" "}). With
|
||||
@samp{-s} only, no separator is used (same as @samp{-s""}). @samp{-s}
|
||||
does not affect line truncation or column alignment.
|
||||
Separate columns by a single character @var{char}. Default for @var{char}
|
||||
is the @key{TAB} character without @samp{-w} and @samp{no character} with
|
||||
@samp{-w}. Without @samp{-s} default separator @samp{space} is set.
|
||||
@samp{-s[char]} turns off line truncation of all three column options
|
||||
(@samp{-COLUMN}|@samp{-a -COLUMN}|@samp{-m}) except @samp{-w} is set.
|
||||
That is a @var{posix} compliant formulation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@item -S[@var{string}]
|
||||
@itemx --sep-string[=@var{string}]
|
||||
@opindex -S
|
||||
@opindex --sep-string
|
||||
Separate columns by any string @var{string}. The @samp{-S} option doesn't
|
||||
react upon the @samp{-W/-w} option (unlike @samp{-s} option does). It
|
||||
does not affect line truncation or column alignment. A separator is
|
||||
defined, nothing else. Without @samp{-S}: default separator @key{TAB}
|
||||
is used with @samp{-J} and @samp{space} otherwise (same as @samp{-S" "}).
|
||||
With @samp{-S} only: no separator is used, same as @samp{-S""}. Quotes
|
||||
should be used with blanks and some shell active characters. Some of the
|
||||
@code{pr} options don't allow the option letter to be separated from its
|
||||
argument. @samp{-S/-s} is one of them. Don't use @samp{-S "STRING"}.
|
||||
That's @var{posix} compliant.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -t
|
||||
@itemx --omit-header
|
||||
@opindex -t
|
||||
@opindex --omit-header
|
||||
Do not print the usual header [and footer] on each page, and do not fill
|
||||
out the bottoms of pages (with blank lines or a form feed). No page
|
||||
structure is produced, but retain form feeds set in the input files. The
|
||||
predefined page layout is not changed. @samp{-t} or @samp{-T} may be
|
||||
useful together with other options; e.g.: @samp{-t -e4}, expand
|
||||
@key{TAB} in the input file to 4 spaces but do not do any other changes.
|
||||
Use of @samp{-t} overrides @samp{-h}.
|
||||
out the bottom of pages (with blank lines or a form feed). No page
|
||||
structure is produced, but form feeds set in the input files are retained.
|
||||
The predefined pagination is not changed. @samp{-t} or @samp{-T} may be
|
||||
useful together with other options; e.g.: @samp{-t -e4}, expand @key{TAB}
|
||||
in the input file to 4 spaces but don't make any other changes. Use of
|
||||
@samp{-t} overrides @samp{-h}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -T
|
||||
@itemx --omit-pagination
|
||||
@opindex -T
|
||||
@opindex --omit-pagination
|
||||
Do not print header [and footer]. In addition eliminate all form feeds
|
||||
Do not print header [and footer]. In addition eliminate all form feeds
|
||||
set in the input files.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -v
|
||||
@@ -1180,14 +1243,28 @@ Print unprintable characters in octal backslash notation.
|
||||
@itemx --width=@var{page_width}
|
||||
@opindex -w
|
||||
@opindex --width
|
||||
Set the page width to @var{page_width} (default 72) characters.
|
||||
With/without @samp{-w}, header lines are always truncated to
|
||||
@var{page_width} characters. With @samp{-w}, text lines are truncated,
|
||||
unless @samp{-j} is used. Without @samp{-w} together with one of the
|
||||
column options @samp{-@var{column}}, @samp{-a -@var{column}} or
|
||||
@samp{-m}, default truncation of text lines to 72 characters is used.
|
||||
Without @samp{-w} and without any of the column options, no line
|
||||
truncation is used. That's equivalent to @samp{-w 72 -j}.
|
||||
Set page width to @var{page_width} characters for multiple text-column
|
||||
output only (default for @var{page_width} is 72). @samp{-s[CHAR]} turns
|
||||
off the default page width and any line truncation and column alignment.
|
||||
Lines of full length are merged, regardless of the column options
|
||||
set. No @var{page_width} setting is possible with single column output.
|
||||
A @var{posix} compliant formulation.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -W @var{page_width}
|
||||
@itemx --page_width=@var{page_width}
|
||||
@opindex -W
|
||||
@opindex --page_width
|
||||
Set the page width to @var{page_width} characters. That's valid with and
|
||||
without a column option. Text lines are truncated, unless @samp{-J}
|
||||
is used. Together with one of the three column options
|
||||
(@samp{-@var{column}}, @samp{-a -@var{column}} or @samp{-m}) column
|
||||
alignment is always used. The separator options @samp{-S} or @samp{-s}
|
||||
don't affect the @samp{-W} option. Default is 72 characters. Without
|
||||
@samp{-W @var{page_width}} and without any of the column options NO line
|
||||
truncation is used (defined to keep downward compatibility and to meet
|
||||
most frequent tasks). That's equivalent to @samp{-W 72 -J}. With and
|
||||
without @samp{-W @var{page_width}} the header line is always truncated
|
||||
to avoid line overflow.
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1207,7 +1284,7 @@ lines. Synopsis:
|
||||
fold [@var{option}]@dots{} [@var{file}]@dots{}
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
By default, @code{fold} breaks lines wider than 80 columns. The output
|
||||
By default, @code{fold} breaks lines wider than 80 columns. The output
|
||||
is split into as many lines as necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex screen columns
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user