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zaidoon 3b38fde293 Support UDI as primary index (#14547)
Summary:
Add `use_udi_as_primary_index` option to `BlockBasedTableOptions`. When
enabled, the UDI becomes the primary index — all reads (including
internal operations like compaction and VerifyChecksum) automatically
route through the UDI without needing `ReadOptions::table_index_factory`.

Both the standard binary search index and the UDI are always fully
built. The standard index serves as a safety fallback (e.g., for
backup/restore or rollback to a non-UDI configuration). A future
refactor will extract the index abstraction to allow skipping the
standard index build when the UDI is primary (see discussion below).

## Write path

- `UserDefinedIndexBuilderWrapper` always forwards `AddIndexEntry` and
  `OnKeyAdded` to both the internal standard builder and the UDI builder
- New `udi_is_primary_index` table property marks primary-mode SSTs
- Validates incompatible options at `DB::Open` and builder creation:
  partitioned index, partitioned filters, missing
  `user_defined_index_factory`

## Read path

- `UserDefinedIndexReaderWrapper` defaults to UDI when `udi_is_primary_`,
  even when `ReadOptions::table_index_factory` is null — this handles
  the 15+ internal call sites that don't set `table_index_factory`
- `use_udi_as_primary_index` automatically enforces `fail_if_no_udi_on_open`
  to prevent silent data loss if SSTs are opened without UDI support

## Rollback

Since the standard index is always fully populated, rollback from
primary mode is straightforward: set `use_udi_as_primary_index=false`.
No compaction required — SSTs written in primary mode are immediately
readable through the standard index.

## Public API

- `BlockBasedTableOptions::use_udi_as_primary_index` (default: false)
- `UserDefinedIndexBuilder::EstimatedSize()` — pure virtual, O(1) via
  running counter in the trie implementation

## Bug fixes (issues https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/14560, https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/14561, https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/14562)

Fixed trie index correctness bugs that caused crash test failures:

- **Always-on seqno encoding**: `must_use_separator_with_seq_` is now
  unconditionally true. Non-boundary separators store tag=0 (sentinel),
  same-user-key boundaries store the real tag, and the last block stores
  its real last-key tag. This fixes the `NonBoundaryTag` bug where
  non-boundary separators with `kMaxSequenceNumber` caused the post-seek
  correction to incorrectly advance past the correct block.
- **Standard index always built in primary mode**: An empty (stub)
  standard index block caused behavioral divergence in
  `BlockBasedTableIterator` under concurrent flush/compaction, leading to
  `test_batches_snapshots` prefix scan inconsistencies.

## Stress test

- `use_udi_as_primary_index` flag randomized by `db_crashtest.py`
- Both primary and secondary UDI modes exercised in crash tests
- Trie index probability halved (~6%) per reviewer request
- Re-enables trie crash tests (disabled by https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/14559)

## Tests

- Parameterized `TrieIndexDBTest` on UDI mode (secondary vs primary)
- New factory-level tests: non-boundary separator seek, Prev within
  overflow, SeekToLast with overflow, empty trie, overflow exhaustion,
  all-scans-exhausted
- New DB-level tests: multi-CF coalescing iterator, GetEntity with
  explicit snapshot, reverse iteration across same-user-key blocks,
  non-boundary separator seek correctness, rollback from primary

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/14547

Reviewed By: anand1976

Differential Revision: D99494181

Pulled By: xingbowang

fbshipit-source-id: ca52a0d5c0e523770c80e1fe2b9b5d50406b67bc
2026-04-08 21:05:03 -07:00
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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

CircleCI Status

RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key-value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it especially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/main/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Questions and discussions are welcome on the RocksDB Developers Public Facebook group and email list on Google Groups.

License

RocksDB is dual-licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.

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