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The new array contains the xids for all connected backends / in-use PGPROC entries in a dense manner (in contrast to the PGPROC/PGXACT arrays which can have unused entries interspersed). This improves performance because GetSnapshotData() always needs to scan the xids of all live procarray entries and now there's no need to go through the procArray->pgprocnos indirection anymore. As the set of running top-level xids changes rarely, compared to the number of snapshots taken, this substantially increases the likelihood of most data required for a snapshot being in l2 cache. In read-mostly workloads scanning the xids[] array will sufficient to build a snapshot, as most backends will not have an xid assigned. To keep the xid array dense ProcArrayRemove() needs to move entries behind the to-be-removed proc's one further up in the array. Obviously moving array entries cannot happen while a backend sets it xid. I.e. locking needs to prevent that array entries are moved while a backend modifies its xid. To avoid locking ProcArrayLock in GetNewTransactionId() - a fairly hot spot already - ProcArrayAdd() / ProcArrayRemove() now needs to hold XidGenLock in addition to ProcArrayLock. Adding / Removing a procarray entry is not a very frequent operation, even taking 2PC into account. Due to the above, the dense array entries can only be read or modified while holding ProcArrayLock and/or XidGenLock. This prevents a concurrent ProcArrayRemove() from shifting the dense array while it is accessed concurrently. While the new dense array is very good when needing to look at all xids it is less suitable when accessing a single backend's xid. In particular it would be problematic to have to acquire a lock to access a backend's own xid. Therefore a backend's xid is not just stored in the dense array, but also in PGPROC. This also allows a backend to only access the shared xid value when the backend had acquired an xid. The infrastructure added in this commit will be used for the remaining PGXACT fields in subsequent commits. They are kept separate to make review easier. Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-By: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200301083601.ews6hz5dduc3w2se@alap3.anarazel.de
PostgreSQL Database Management System ===================================== This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL database management system. PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions. This distribution also contains C language bindings. PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here: https://www.postgresql.org/download/ See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install PostgreSQL. That file also lists supported operating systems and hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL system. Copyright and license information can be found in the file COPYRIGHT. A comprehensive documentation set is included in this distribution; it can be read as described in the installation instructions. The latest version of this software may be obtained at https://www.postgresql.org/download/. For more information look at our web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.