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Previously, if we had to estimate the number of distinct values in a VALUES column, we fell back on the default behavior used whenever we lack statistics, which effectively is that there are Min(# of entries, 200) distinct values. This can be very badly off with a large VALUES list, as noted by Jeff Janes. We could consider actually running an ANALYZE-like scan on the VALUES, but that seems unduly expensive, and anyway it could not deliver reliable info if the entries are not all constants. What seems like a better choice is to assume that the values are all distinct. This will sometimes be just as wrong as the old code, but it seems more likely to be more nearly right in many common cases. Also, it is more consistent with what happens in some related cases, for example WHERE x = ANY(ARRAY[1,2,3,...,n]) and WHERE x = ANY(VALUES (1),(2),(3),...,(n)) now are estimated similarly. This was discussed some time ago, but consensus was it'd be better to slip it in at the start of a development cycle not near the end. (It should've gone into v10, really, but I forgot about it.) Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMkU=1xHkyPa8VQgGcCNg3RMFFvVxUdOpus1gKcFuvVi0w6Acg@mail.gmail.com
PostgreSQL Database Management System ===================================== This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL database management system. PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions. This distribution also contains C language bindings. PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here: https://www.postgresql.org/download See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install PostgreSQL. That file also lists supported operating systems and hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL system. Copyright and license information can be found in the file COPYRIGHT. A comprehensive documentation set is included in this distribution; it can be read as described in the installation instructions. The latest version of this software may be obtained at https://www.postgresql.org/download/. For more information look at our web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.