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Tom Lane 2aaec65464 Avoid returning stale attribute bitmaps in RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap().
The problem with the original coding here is that we might receive (and
clear) a relcache invalidation signal for the target relation down inside
one of the index_open calls we're doing.  Since the target is open, we
would not drop the relcache entry, just reset its rd_indexvalid and
rd_indexlist fields.  But RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap() kept going, and
would eventually cache and return potentially-obsolete attribute bitmaps.

The case where this matters is where the inval signal was from a CREATE
INDEX CONCURRENTLY telling us about a new index on a formerly-unindexed
column.  (In all other cases, the lock we hold on the target rel should
prevent any concurrent change in index state.)  Even just returning the
stale attribute bitmap is not such a problem, because it shouldn't matter
during the transaction in which we receive the signal.  What hurts is
caching the stale data, because it can survive into later transactions,
breaking CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY's expectation that later transactions
will not create new broken HOT chains.  The upshot is that there's a window
for building corrupted indexes during CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY.

This patch fixes the problem by rechecking that the set of index OIDs
is still the same at the end of RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap() as it was
at the start.  If not, we loop back and try again.  That's a little
more than is strictly necessary to fix the bug --- in principle, we
could return the stale data but not cache it --- but it seems like a
bad idea on general principles for relcache to return data it knows
is stale.

There might be more hazards of the same ilk, or there might be a better
way to fix this one, but this patch definitely improves matters and seems
unlikely to make anything worse.  So let's push it into today's releases
even as we continue to study the problem.

Pavan Deolasee and myself

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABOikdM2MUq9cyZJi1KyLmmkCereyGp5JQ4fuwKoyKEde_mzkQ@mail.gmail.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	http://www.postgresql.org/download

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
http://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at http://www.postgresql.org/.
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