pg_prewarm() currently checks for SELECT privileges on the target
relation. However, indexes do not have access rights of their own,
so a role may be denied permission to prewarm an index despite
having the SELECT privilege on its parent table. This commit fixes
this by locking the parent table before the index (to avoid
deadlocks) and checking for SELECT on the parent table. Note that
the code is largely borrowed from
amcheck_lock_relation_and_check().
An obvious downside of this change is the extra AccessShareLock on
the parent table during prewarming, but that isn't expected to
cause too much trouble in practice.
Author: Ayush Vatsa <ayushvatsa1810@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Davis <pgsql@j-davis.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACX%2BKaMz2ZoOojh0nQ6QNBYx8Ak1Dkoko%3DD4FSb80BYW%2Bo8CHQ%40mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
If inside an EPQ recheck, ExecScanFetch would run the recheck method
function for foreign/custom joins even if they aren't descendant nodes
in the EPQ recheck plan tree, which is problematic at least in the
foreign-join case, because such a foreign join isn't guaranteed to have
an alternative local-join plan required for running the recheck method
function; in the postgres_fdw case this could lead to a segmentation
fault or an assert failure in an assert-enabled build when running the
recheck method function.
Even if inside an EPQ recheck, any scan nodes that aren't descendant
ones in the EPQ recheck plan tree should be normally processed by using
the access method function; fix by modifying ExecScanFetch so that if
inside an EPQ recheck, it runs the recheck method function for
foreign/custom joins that are descendant nodes in the EPQ recheck plan
tree as before and runs the access method function for foreign/custom
joins that aren't.
This fix also adds to postgres_fdw an isolation test for an EPQ recheck
that caused issues stated above.
Oversight in commit 385f337c9.
Reported-by: Kristian Lejao <kristianlejao@gmail.com>
Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoBpo6Gx55FBOW+9s5X=nUw3Xpq64v35fpDEKsTERnc4TQ@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
log_error() would probably fail completely if used, and would
certainly print garbage for anything that needed to be interpolated
into the message, because it was failing to use the correct printing
subroutine for a va_list argument.
This bug likely went undetected because the error cases this code
is used for are rarely exercised - they only occur when Windows
security API calls fail catastrophically (out of memory, security
subsystem corruption, etc).
The FRONTEND variant can be fixed just by calling vfprintf()
instead of fprintf(). However, there was no va_list variant
of write_stderr(), so create one by refactoring that function.
Following the usual naming convention for such things, call
it vwrite_stderr().
Author: Bryan Green <dbryan.green@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAF+pBj8goe4fRmZ0V3Cs6eyWzYLvK+HvFLYEYWG=TzaM+tWPnw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
There was some confusion around how to adjust the n_distinct estimates
for partitioned tables. Here we try and clarify that
n_distinct_inherited needs to be adjusted rather than n_distinct.
Also fix some slightly misleading text which was talking about table
size rather than table rows, fix a grammatical error, and adjust some
text which indicated that ANALYZE was performing calculations based on
the n_distinct settings. Really it's the query planner that does this
and ANALYZE only stores the overridden n_distinct estimate value in
pg_statistic.
Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Backpatch-through: 13
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrL7a-ZytM1SP8Uk9nEw9bR2CPzVb+uP+bcNj=_q-ZmVw@mail.gmail.com
Commit 71f4c8c6f7 (which implemented DETACH CONCURRENTLY) added code
to create a separate table constraint when a table is detached
concurrently, identical to the partition constraint, on the theory that
such a constraint was needed in case the optimizer had constructed any
query plans that depended on the constraint being there. However, that
theory was apparently bogus because any such plans would be invalidated.
For hash partitioning, those constraints are problematic, because their
expressions reference the OID of the parent partitioned table, to which
the detached table is no longer related; this causes all sorts of
problems (such as inability of restoring a pg_dump of that table, and
the table no longer working properly if the partitioned table is later
dropped).
We'd like to get rid of all those constraints. In fact, for branch
master, do that -- no longer create any substitute constraints.
However, out of fear that some users might somehow depend on these
constraints for other partitioning strategies, for stable branches
(back to 14, which added DETACH CONCURRENTLY), only do it for hash
partitioning.
(If you repeatedly DETACH CONCURRENTLY and then ATTACH a partition, then
with this constraint addition you don't need to scan the table in the
ATTACH step, which presumably is good. But if users really valued this
feature, they would have requested that it worked for non-concurrent
DETACH also.)
Author: Haiyang Li <mohen.lhy@alibaba-inc.com>
Reported-by: Fei Changhong <feichanghong@qq.com>
Reported-by: Haiyang Li <mohen.lhy@alibaba-inc.com>
Backpatch-through: 14
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18371-7fef49f63de13f02@postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19070-781326347ade7c57@postgresql.org
An assertion in _bt_killitems expected the scan's currPos state to
contain a valid LSN, saved from when currPos's page was initially read.
The assertion failed to account for the fact that even logged relations
can have leaf pages with an invalid LSN when built with wal_level set to
"minimal". Remove the faulty assertion.
Oversight in commit e6eed40e (though note that the assertion was
backpatched to stable branches before 18 by commit 7c319f54).
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reported-By: Matthijs van der Vleuten <postgresql@zr40.nl>
Bug: #19082
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19082-628e62160dbbc1c1@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
An error happening while a slot data is saved on disk in
SaveSlotToPath() could cause a state.tmp file (temporary file holding
the slot state data, renamed to its permanent name at the end of the
function) to remain around after it has been created. This temporary
file is created with O_EXCL, meaning that if an existing state.tmp is
found, its creation would fail. This would prevent the slot data to be
saved, requiring a manual intervention to remove state.tmp before being
able to save again a slot. Possible scenarios where this temporary file
could remain on disk is for example a ENOSPC case (no disk space) while
writing, syncing or renaming it. The bug reports point to a write
failure as the principal cause of the problems.
Using O_TRUNC has been argued back in 2019 as a potential solution to
discard any temporary file that could exist. This solution was rejected
as O_EXCL can also act as a safety measure when saving the slot state,
crash recovery offering cleanup guarantees post-crash. This commit uses
the alternative approach that has been suggested by Andres Freund back
in 2019. When the temporary state file cannot be written, synced,
closed or renamed (note: not when created!), an unlink() is used to
remove the temporary state file while holding the in-progress I/O
LWLock, so as any follow-up attempts to save a slot's data would not
choke on an existing file that remained around because of a previous
failure.
This problem has been reported a few times across the years, going back
to 2019, but for some reason I have never come back to do something
about it and it has been forgotten. A recent report has reminded me
that this was still a problem.
Reported-by: Kevin K Biju <kevinkbiju@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Sergei Kornilov <sk@zsrv.org>
Reported-by: Grigory Smolkin <g.smolkin@postgrespro.ru>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAM45KeHa32soKL_G8Vk38CWvTBeOOXcsxAPAs7Jt7yPRf2mbVA@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3559061693910326@qy4q4a6esb2lebnz.sas.yp-c.yandex.net
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/08bbfab1-a61d-3750-fc18-4ab2c1aa7f09@postgrespro.ru
Backpatch-through: 13
On Windows, this code did not handle error conditions correctly at
all, since it looked at "errno" which is not used for socket-related
errors on that platform. This resulted, for example, in failure
to connect to a PostgreSQL server with GSSAPI enabled.
We have a convention for dealing with this within libpq, which is to
use SOCK_ERRNO and SOCK_ERRNO_SET rather than touching errno directly;
but the GSSAPI code is a relative latecomer and did not get that memo.
(The equivalent backend code continues to use errno, because the
backend does this differently. Maybe libpq's approach should be
rethought someday.)
Apparently nobody tries to build libpq with GSSAPI support on Windows,
or we'd have heard about this before, because it's been broken all
along. Back-patch to all supported branches.
Author: Ning Wu <ning94803@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFGqpvg-pRw=cdsUpKYfwY6D3d-m9tw8WMcAEE7HHWfm-oYWvw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Currently, pgbench aborts when a COPY response is received in
readCommandResponse(). However, as PQgetResult() returns an empty
result when there is no asynchronous result, through getCopyResult(),
the logic done at the end of readCommandResponse() for the error path
leads to an infinite loop.
This commit forcefully exits the COPY state with PQendcopy() before
moving to the error handler when fiding a COPY state, avoiding the
infinite loop. The COPY protocol is not supported by pgbench anyway, as
an error is assumed in this case, so giving up is better than having the
tool be stuck forever. pgbench was interruptible in this state.
A TAP test is added to check that an error happens if trying to use
COPY.
Author: Anthonin Bonnefoy <anthonin.bonnefoy@datadoghq.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAO6_XqpHyF2m73ifV5a=5jhXxH2chk=XrgefY+eWWPe2Eft3=A@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
pgstattuple checks the state of the pages retrieved for gist and hash
using some check functions from each index AM, respectively
gistcheckpage() and _hash_checkpage(). When these are called, they
would fail when bumping on data that is found as incorrect (like opaque
area size not matching, or empty pages), contrary to btree that simply
discards these cases and continues to aggregate data.
Zero pages can happen after a crash, with these AMs being able to do an
internal cleanup when these are seen. Also, sporadic failures are
annoying when doing for example a large-scale diagnostic query based on
pgstattuple with a join of pg_class, as it forces one to use tricks like
quals to discard hash or gist indexes, or use a PL wrapper able to catch
errors.
This commit changes the reports generated for btree, gist and hash to
be more user-friendly;
- When seeing an empty page, report it as free space. This new rule
applies to gist and hash, and already applied to btree.
- For btree, a check based on the size of BTPageOpaqueData is added.
- For gist indexes, gistcheckpage() is not called anymore, replaced by a
check based on the size of GISTPageOpaqueData.
- For hash indexes, instead of _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(), use a
direct call to ReadBufferExtended(), coupled with a check based on
HashPageOpaqueData. The opaque area size check was already used.
- Pages that do not match these criterias are discarded from the stats
reports generated.
There have been a couple of bug reports over the years that complained
about the current behavior for hash and gist, as being not that useful,
with nothing being done about it. Hence this change is backpatched down
to v13.
Reported-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Author: Nitin Motiani <nitinmotiani@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH5HC95gT1J3dRYK4qEnaywG8RqjbwDdt04wuj8p39R=HukayA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
pgbench uses readCommandResponse() to process server responses.
When readCommandResponse() encounters an error during a call to
PQgetResult() to fetch the current result, it attempts to report it
with an additional error message from PQerrorMessage(). However,
previously, this extra error message could be lost or become incorrect.
The cause was that after fetching the current result (and detecting
an error), readCommandResponse() called PQgetResult() again to
peek at the next result. This second call could overwrite the libpq
connection's error message before the original error was reported,
causing the error message retrieved from PQerrorMessage() to be
lost or overwritten.
This commit fixes the issue by updating readCommandResponse()
to use PQresultErrorMessage() instead of PQerrorMessage()
to retrieve the error message generated when the PQgetResult()
for the current result causes an error, ensuring the correct message
is reported.
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Author: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250925110940.ebacc31725758ec47d5432c6@sraoss.co.jp
Backpatch-through: 13
Neighbor get_statistics_object_oid() ignores objects in pg_temp, as has
been the standard for non-relation, non-type namespace searches since
CVE-2007-2138. Hence, most operations that name a statistics object
correctly decline to map an unqualified name to a statistics object in
pg_temp. StatisticsObjIsVisibleExt() did not. Consequently,
pg_statistics_obj_is_visible() wrongly returned true for such objects,
psql \dX wrongly listed them, and getObjectDescription()-based ereport()
and pg_describe_object() wrongly omitted namespace qualification. Any
malfunction beyond that would depend on how a human or application acts
on those wrong indications. Commit
d99d58cdc8 introduced this. Back-patch to
v13 (all supported versions).
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250920162116.2e.nmisch@google.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Because we failed to do this, DISTINCT in GROUP BY DISTINCT would be
ignored in PL/pgSQL assignment statements. It's not surprising that
no one noticed, since such statements will throw an error if the query
produces more than one row. That eliminates most scenarios where
advanced forms of GROUP BY could be useful, and indeed makes it hard
even to find a simple test case. Nonetheless it's wrong.
This is directly the fault of be45be9c3 which added the groupDistinct
field, but I think much of the blame has to fall on c9d529848, in
which I incautiously supposed that we'd manage to keep two copies of
a big chunk of parse-analysis logic in sync. As a follow-up, I plan
to refactor so that there's only one copy. But that seems useful
only in master, so let's use this one-line fix for the back branches.
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/31027.1758919078@sss.pgh.pa.us
Backpatch-through: 14
Previously, pg_restore did not skip security labels on publications or
subscriptions even when --no-publications or --no-subscriptions was specified.
As a result, it could issue SECURITY LABEL commands for objects that were
never created, causing those commands to fail.
This commit fixes the issue by ensuring that security labels on publications
and subscriptions are also skipped when the corresponding options are used.
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Author: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxHCt00pR9h51AVu6+yPD5J7JQn=7dQXxqacj0XyDhc-fA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
If an aggregate function call contains a sub-select that has
an RTE referencing a CTE outside the aggregate, we must treat
that reference like a Var referencing the CTE's query level
for purposes of determining the aggregate's level. Otherwise
we might reach the nonsensical conclusion that the aggregate
should be evaluated at some query level higher than the CTE,
ending in a planner error or a broken plan tree that causes
executor failures.
Bug: #19055
Reported-by: BugForge <dllggyx@outlook.com>
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19055-6970cfa8556a394d@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
The EvalPlanQual recheck for TID Range Scan wasn't rechecking the TID qual
still passed after following update chains. This could result in tuples
being updated or deleted by plans using TID Range Scans where the ctid of
the new (updated) tuple no longer matches the clause of the scan. This
isn't desired behavior, and isn't consistent with what would happen if the
chosen plan had used an Index or Seq Scan, and that could lead to hard to
predict behavior for scans that contain TID quals and other quals as the
planner has freedom to choose TID Range or some other non-TID scan method
for such queries, and the chosen plan could change at any moment.
Here we fix this by properly implementing the recheck function for TID
Range Scans.
Backpatch to 14, where TID Range Scans were added
Reported-by: Sophie Alpert <pg@sophiebits.com>
Author: Sophie Alpert <pg@sophiebits.com>
Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4a6268ff-3340-453a-9bf5-c98d51a6f729@app.fastmail.com
Backpatch-through: 14
The EvalPlanQual recheck for TID Scan wasn't rechecking the TID qual
still passed after following update chains. This could result in tuples
being updated or deleted by plans using TID Scans where the ctid of the
new (updated) tuple no longer matches the clause of the scan. This isn't
desired behavior, and isn't consistent with what would happen if the
chosen plan had used an Index or Seq Scan, and that could lead to hard to
predict behavior for scans that contain TID quals and other quals as the
planner has freedom to choose TID or some other scan method for such
queries, and the chosen plan could change at any moment.
Here we fix this by properly implementing the recheck function for TID
Scans.
Backpatch to 13, oldest supported version
Reported-by: Sophie Alpert <pg@sophiebits.com>
Author: Sophie Alpert <pg@sophiebits.com>
Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4a6268ff-3340-453a-9bf5-c98d51a6f729@app.fastmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
The COMMENT should depend on the separately-dumped constraint, not the
domain. Sufficient restore parallelism might fail the COMMENT command
by issuing it before the constraint exists. Back-patch to v13, like
commit 0858f0f96e.
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250913020233.fa.nmisch@google.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Previously, pg_dump incorrectly queried pg_seclabel to retrieve security labels
for subscriptions, which are stored in pg_shseclabel as they are global objects.
This could result in security labels for subscriptions not being dumped.
This commit fixes the issue by updating pg_dump to query the pg_seclabels view,
which aggregates entries from both pg_seclabel and pg_shseclabel.
While querying pg_shseclabel directly for subscriptions was an alternative,
using pg_seclabels is simpler and sufficient.
In addition, pg_dump is updated to dump security labels on event triggers,
which were previously omitted.
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Author: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxHCt00pR9h51AVu6+yPD5J7JQn=7dQXxqacj0XyDhc-fA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Previously, pg_restore did not skip comments on publications or subscriptions
even when --no-publications or --no-subscriptions was specified. As a result,
it could issue COMMENT commands for objects that were never created,
causing those commands to fail.
This commit fixes the issue by ensuring that comments on publications and
subscriptions are also skipped when the corresponding options are used.
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Author: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxHCt00pR9h51AVu6+yPD5J7JQn=7dQXxqacj0XyDhc-fA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Commit e3ffc3e91 fixed the translation of character classes in
SIMILAR TO regular expressions. Unfortunately the fix broke a corner
case: if there is an escape character right after the opening bracket
(for example in "[\q]"), a closing bracket right after the escape
sequence would not be seen as closing the character class.
There were two more oversights: a backslash or a nested opening bracket
right at the beginning of a character class should remove the special
meaning from any following caret or closing bracket.
This bug suggests that this code needs to be more readable, so also
rename the variables "charclass_depth" and "charclass_start" to
something more meaningful, rewrite an "if" cascade to be more
consistent, and improve the commentary.
Reported-by: Dominique Devienne <ddevienne@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Stephan Springl <springl-psql@bfw-online.de>
Author: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFCRh-8NwJd0jq6P=R3qhHyqU7hw0BTor3W0SvUcii24et+zAw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
hash_xlog.h included descriptions for the blocks used in WAL records
that were was not completely consistent with how the records are
generated, with one block missing for SQUEEZE_PAGE, and inconsistent
descriptions used for block 0 in VACUUM_ONE_PAGE and MOVE_PAGE_CONTENTS.
This information was incorrect since c11453ce0a, cross-checking the
logic for the record generation.
Author: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALdSSPj1j=a1d1hVA3oabRFz0hSU3KKrYtZPijw4UPUM7LY9zw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
If the hash functions used for hashing tuples leaked any memory,
we failed to clean that up, resulting in query-lifespan memory
leakage in queries using hashed subplans. One way that could
happen is if the values being hashed require de-toasting, since
most of our hash functions don't trouble to clean up de-toasted
inputs.
Prior to commit bf6c614a2, this leakage was largely masked
because TupleHashTableMatch would reset hashtable->tempcxt
(via execTuplesMatch). But it doesn't do that anymore, and
that's not really the right place for this anyway: doing it
there could reset the tempcxt many times per hash lookup,
or not at all. Instead put reset calls into ExecHashSubPlan
and buildSubPlanHash. Along the way to that, rearrange
ExecHashSubPlan so that there's just one place to call
MemoryContextReset instead of several.
This amounts to accepting the de-facto API spec that the caller
of the TupleHashTable routines is responsible for resetting the
tempcxt adequately often. Although the other callers seem to
get this right, it was not documented anywhere, so add a comment
about it.
Bug: #19040
Reported-by: Haiyang Li <mohen.lhy@alibaba-inc.com>
Author: Haiyang Li <mohen.lhy@alibaba-inc.com>
Reviewed-by: Fei Changhong <feichanghong@qq.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19040-c9b6073ef814f48c@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
Per buildfarm member wrasse, void function cannot return a value.
This only affects v13-v17, where an ABI-compatible wrapper function
was added.
Backpatch-through: 13-17
If an INSERT has an ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE clause, the executor must
check that the target relation supports UPDATE as well as INSERT. In
particular, it must check that the target relation has a REPLICA
IDENTITY if it publishes updates. Formerly, it was not doing this
check, which could lead to silently breaking replication.
Fix by adding such a check to CheckValidResultRel(), which requires
adding a new onConflictAction argument. In back-branches, preserve ABI
compatibility by introducing a wrapper function with the original
signature.
Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS3PR01MB57180C87E43A679A730482DF94B62@OS3PR01MB5718.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
Backpatch-through: 13
SubPlan nodes are typically built very early, before any RelOptInfos
have been constructed for the parent query level. As a result, the
simple_rel_array in the parent root has not yet been initialized.
Currently, during cost estimation of a SubPlan's testexpr, we may call
examine_variable() to look up statistical data about the expressions.
This can lead to "no relation entry for relid" errors.
To fix, pass root as NULL to cost_qual_eval() in cost_subplan(), since
the root does not yet contain enough information to safely consult
statistics.
One exception is SubPlan nodes built for the initplans of MIN/MAX
aggregates from indexes. In this case, having a NULL root is safe
because testexpr will be NULL. Additionally, an initplan will by
definition not consult anything from the parent plan.
Backpatch to all supported branches. Although the reported call path
that triggers this error is not reachable prior to v17, there's no
guarantee that other code paths -- especially in extensions -- could
not encounter the same issue when cost_qual_eval() is called with a
root that lacks a valid simple_rel_array. The test case is not
included in pre-v17 branches though.
Bug: #19037
Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com>
Diagnosed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Author: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19037-3d1c7bb553c7ce84@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
PQtrace() was generating its output for non-printable characters without
casting the characters printed with unsigned char, leading to some extra
"\xffffff" generated in the output due to the fact that char may be
signed.
Oversights introduced by commit 198b3716db, so backpatch down to v14.
Author: Ran Benita <ran@unusedvar.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/a3383211-4539-459b-9d51-95c736ef08e0@app.fastmail.com
Backpatch-through: 14
Commit 4b754d6c1 introduced the concept of an excludeOnly scan key,
which cannot select matching index entries but can reject
non-matching tuples, for example a tsquery such as '!term'. There are
poorly-documented assumptions that such scan keys do not appear as the
first scan key. ginNewScanKey did nothing to ensure that, however,
with the result that certain GIN index searches could go into an
infinite loop while apparently-equivalent queries with the clauses in
a different order were fine.
Fix by teaching ginNewScanKey to place all excludeOnly scan keys
after all not-excludeOnly ones. So far as we know at present,
it might be sufficient to avoid the case where the very first
scan key is excludeOnly; but I'm not very convinced that there
aren't other dependencies on the ordering.
Bug: #19031
Reported-by: Tim Wood <washwithcare@gmail.com>
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19031-0638148643d25548@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
The CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS call in gingetbitmap turns out to be
inadequate to prevent a long uninterruptible loop, because
we now know a case where looping occurs within scanGetItem.
While the next patch will fix the bug that caused that, it
seems foolish to assume that no similar patterns are possible.
Let's do the CFI within scanGetItem's retry loop, instead.
This demonstrably allows canceling out of the loop exhibited
in bug #19031.
Bug: #19031
Reported-by: Tim Wood <washwithcare@gmail.com>
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19031-0638148643d25548@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
v17 introduced the MAINTAIN ON TABLES privilege. That changed the
applicable "baseacls" reaching buildACLCommands(). That yielded
spurious TestUpgradeXversion diffs. Change to use a TYPES privilege.
Types have the same one privilege in all supported versions, so they
avoid the problem. Per buildfarm. Back-patch to v13, like that commit.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250823144505.88.nmisch@google.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Temporary relations may share the same RelFileNumber with a permanent
relation, or other temporary relations associated with other sessions.
Being able to uniquely identify a temporary relation would require
RelidByRelfilenumber() to know about the proc number of the temporary
relation it wants to identify, something it is not designed for since
its introduction in f01d1ae3a1.
There are currently three callers of RelidByRelfilenumber():
- autoprewarm.
- Logical decoding, reorder buffer.
- pg_filenode_relation(), that attempts to find a relation OID based on
a tablespace OID and a RelFileNumber.
This makes the situation problematic particularly for the first two
cases, leading to the possibility of random ERRORs due to
inconsistencies that temporary relations can create in the cache
maintained by RelidByRelfilenumber(). The third case should be less of
an issue, as I suspect that there are few direct callers of
pg_filenode_relation().
The window where the ERRORs are happen is very narrow, requiring an OID
wraparound to create a lookup conflict in RelidByRelfilenumber() with a
temporary table reusing the same OID as another relation already cached.
The problem is easier to reach in workloads with a high OID consumption
rate, especially with a higher number of temporary relations created.
We could get pg_filenode_relation() and RelidByRelfilenumber() to work
with temporary relations if provided the means to identify them with an
optional proc number given in input, but the years have also shown that
we do not have a use case for it, yet. Note that this could not be
backpatched if pg_filenode_relation() needs changes. It is simpler to
ignore temporary relations.
Reported-by: Shenhao Wang <wangsh.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Author: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Takamichi Osumi <osumi.takamichi@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-By: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reported-By: Shenhao Wang <wangsh.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/bbaaf9f9-ebb2-645f-54bb-34d6efc7ac42@fujitsu.com
Backpatch-through: 13
The description of this GUC provides a list of the situations where
full-page writes are generated. However, it is not completely exact,
mentioning only the cases where full_page_writes=on or base backups. It
is possible to generate full-page writes in more situations than these
two, making the description confusing as it implies that no other cases
exist.
The description is slightly reworded to take into account that other
cases are possible, without mentioning them directly to minimize the
maintenance burden should FPWs be generated in more contexts in the
future.
Author: Jingtang Zhang <mrdrivingduck@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPsk3_CtAYa_fy4p6=x7qtoutrdKvg1kGk46D5fsE=sMt2546g@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
Some replication slot manipulations (logical decoding via SQL,
advancing) were failing an assertion when releasing a slot in
single-user mode, because active_pid was not set in a ReplicationSlot
when its slot is acquired.
ReplicationSlotAcquire() has some logic to be able to work with the
single-user mode. This commit sets ReplicationSlot->active_pid to
MyProcPid, to let the slot-related logic fall-through, considering the
single process as the one holding the slot.
Some TAP tests are added for various replication slot functions with the
single-user mode, while on it, for slot creation, drop, advancing, copy
and logical decoding with multiple slot types (temporary, physical vs
logical). These tests are skipped on Windows, as direct calls of
postgres --single would fail on permission failures. There is no
platform-specific behavior that needs to be checked, so living with this
restriction should be fine. The CI is OK with that, now let's see what
the buildfarm tells.
Author: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul A. Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Mutaamba Maasha <maasha@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OSCPR01MB14966ED588A0328DAEBE8CB25F5FA2@OSCPR01MB14966.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
Backpatch-through: 13
This commit adds CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS to loops iterating over shared
buffers in several pg_buffercache functions, allowing them to be
interrupted during long-running operations.
Backpatch to all supported versions. Add CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS to the
loop in pg_buffercache_pages() in all supported branches, and to
pg_buffercache_summary() and pg_buffercache_usage_counts() in version
16 and newer.
Author: SATYANARAYANA NARLAPURAM <satyanarlapuram@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHg+QDcejeLx7WunFT3DX6XKh1KshvGKa8F5au8xVhqVvvQPRw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
The DROP SUBSCRIPTION command performs several operations: it stops the
subscription workers, removes subscription-related entries from system
catalogs, and deletes the replication slot on the publisher server.
Previously, this command acquired an AccessExclusiveLock on
pg_subscription before initiating these steps.
However, while holding this lock, the command attempts to connect to the
publisher to remove the replication slot. In cases where the connection is
made to a newly created database on the same server as subscriber, the
cache-building process during connection tries to acquire an
AccessShareLock on pg_subscription, resulting in a self-deadlock.
To resolve this issue, we reduce the lock level on pg_subscription during
DROP SUBSCRIPTION from AccessExclusiveLock to RowExclusiveLock. Earlier,
the higher lock level was used to prevent the launcher from starting a new
worker during the drop operation, as a restarted worker could become
orphaned.
Now, instead of relying on a strict lock, we acquire an AccessShareLock on
the specific subscription being dropped and re-validate its existence
after acquiring the lock. If the subscription is no longer valid, the
worker exits gracefully. This approach avoids the deadlock while still
ensuring that orphan workers are not created.
Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com>
Author: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Backpatch-through: 13
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18988-7312c868be2d467f@postgresql.org
It turns out that on some platforms (at least current macOS, NetBSD,
OpenBSD) semget(2) will return EINVAL if there is a pre-existing
semaphore set with the same key and too few semaphores. Our code
expects EEXIST in that case and treats EINVAL as a hard failure,
resulting in failure during initdb or postmaster start.
POSIX does document EINVAL for too-few-semaphores-in-set, and is
silent on its priority relative to EEXIST, so this behavior arguably
conforms to spec. Nonetheless it's quite problematic because EINVAL
is also documented to mean that nsems is greater than the system's
limit on the number of semaphores per set (SEMMSL). If that is
where the problem lies, retrying would just become an infinite loop.
To resolve this contradiction, retry after EINVAL, but also install a
loop limit that will make us give up regardless of the specific errno
after trying 1000 different keys. (1000 is a pretty arbitrary number,
but it seems like it should be sufficient.) I like this better than
the previous infinite-looping behavior, since it will also keep us out
of trouble if (say) we get EACCES due to a system-level permissions
problem rather than anything to do with a specific semaphore set.
This problem has only been observed in the field in PG 17, which uses
a higher nsems value than other branches (cf. 38da05346, 810a8b1c8).
That makes it possible to get the failure if a new v17 postmaster
has a key collision with an existing postmaster of another branch.
In principle though, we might see such a collision against a semaphore
set created by some other application, in which case all branches are
vulnerable on these platforms. Hence, backpatch.
Reported-by: Gavin Panella <gavinpanella@gmail.com>
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALL7chmzY3eXHA7zHnODUVGZLSvK3wYCSP0RmcDFHJY8f28Q3g@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
In the back-branch versions of commit 71ea0d6795, I missed updating
this test to use --restrict-key so that the generated dump output
is comparable.
Per buildfarm member hamerkop.
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Security: CVE-2025-8714
Backpatch-through: 13-14
A malicious server could inject psql meta-commands into plain-text
dump output (i.e., scripts created with pg_dump --format=plain,
pg_dumpall, or pg_restore --file) that are run at restore time on
the machine running psql. To fix, introduce a new "restricted"
mode in psql that blocks all meta-commands (except for \unrestrict
to exit the mode), and teach pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore to
use this mode in plain-text dumps.
While at it, encourage users to only restore dumps generated from
trusted servers or to inspect it beforehand, since restoring causes
the destination to execute arbitrary code of the source superusers'
choice. However, the client running the dump and restore needn't
trust the source or destination superusers.
Reported-by: Martin Rakhmanov
Reported-by: Matthieu Denais <litezeraw@gmail.com>
Reported-by: RyotaK <ryotak.mail@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Security: CVE-2025-8714
Backpatch-through: 13
Maliciously-crafted object names could achieve SQL injection during
restore. CVE-2012-0868 fixed this class of problem at the time, but
later work reintroduced three cases. Commit
bc8cd50fef (back-patched to v11+ in
2023-05 releases) introduced the pg_dump case. Commit
6cbdbd9e8d (v12+) introduced the two
pg_dumpall cases. Move sanitize_line(), unchanged, to dumputils.c so
pg_dumpall has access to it in all supported versions. Back-patch to
v13 (all supported versions).
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Backpatch-through: 13
Security: CVE-2025-8715
Commit e2d4ef8de8 (the fix for CVE-2017-7484) added security checks
to the selectivity estimation functions to prevent them from running
user-supplied operators on data obtained from pg_statistic if the user
lacks privileges to select from the underlying table. In cases
involving inheritance/partitioning, those checks were originally
performed against the child RTE (which for plain inheritance might
actually refer to the parent table). Commit 553d2ec271 then extended
that to also check the parent RTE, allowing access if the user had
permissions on either the parent or the child. It turns out, however,
that doing any checks using the child RTE is incorrect, since
securityQuals is set to NULL when creating an RTE for an inheritance
child (whether it refers to the parent table or the child table), and
therefore such checks do not correctly account for any RLS policies or
security barrier views. Therefore, do the security checks using only
the parent RTE. This is consistent with how RLS policies are applied,
and the executor's ACL checks, both of which use only the parent
table's permissions/policies. Similar checks are performed in the
extended stats code, so update that in the same way, centralizing all
the checks in a new function.
In addition, note that these checks by themselves are insufficient to
ensure that the user has access to the table's data because, in a
query that goes via a view, they only check that the view owner has
permissions on the underlying table, not that the current user has
permissions on the view itself. In the selectivity estimation
functions, there is no easy way to navigate from underlying tables to
views, so add permissions checks for all views mentioned in the query
to the planner startup code. If the user lacks permissions on a view,
a permissions error will now be reported at planner-startup, and the
selectivity estimation functions will not be run.
Checking view permissions at planner-startup in this way is a little
ugly, since the same checks will be repeated at executor-startup.
Longer-term, it might be better to move all the permissions checks
from the executor to the planner so that permissions errors can be
reported sooner, instead of creating a plan that won't ever be run.
However, such a change seems too far-reaching to be back-patched.
Back-patch to all supported versions. In v13, there is the added
complication that UPDATEs and DELETEs on inherited target tables are
planned using inheritance_planner(), which plans each inheritance
child table separately, so that the selectivity estimation functions
do not know that they are dealing with a child table accessed via its
parent. Handle that by checking access permissions on the top parent
table at planner-startup, in the same way as we do for views. Any
securityQuals on the top parent table are moved down to the child
tables by inheritance_planner(), so they continue to be checked by the
selectivity estimation functions.
Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Backpatch-through: 13
Security: CVE-2025-8713
