Fix slot type handling for Agg nodes performing internal sorts.

Since 15d8f8312 we assert that - and since 7ef04e4d2cb2, 4da597edf1
rely on - the slot type for an expression's
ecxt_{outer,inner,scan}tuple not changing, unless explicitly flagged
as such. That allows to either skip deforming (for a virtual tuple
slot) or optimize the code for JIT accelerated deforming
appropriately (for other known slot types).

This assumption was sometimes violated for grouping sets, when
nodeAgg.c internally uses tuplesorts, and the child node doesn't
return a TTSOpsMinimalTuple type slot. Detect that case, and flag that
the outer slot might not be "fixed".

It's probably worthwhile to optimize this further in the future, and
more granularly determine whether the slot is fixed. As we already
instantiate per-phase transition and equal expressions, we could
cheaply set the slot type appropriately for each phase.  But that's a
separate change from this bugfix.

This commit does include a very minor optimization by avoiding to
create a slot for handling tuplesorts, if no such sorts are
performed. Previously we created that slot unnecessarily in the common
case of computing all grouping sets via hashing. The code looked too
confusing without that, as the conditions for needing a sort slot and
flagging that the slot type isn't fixed, are the same.

Reported-By: Ashutosh Sharma
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PmNaMD2oHTEAhRyxnxpaDaYkuBYkLa1dpOpn=RS0iS2AQ@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch: 12-, where the bug was introduced in 15d8f8312

src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c

@@ -2231,13 +2231,43 @@ ExecInitAgg(Agg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	/*
 	 * initialize source tuple type.
 	 */
+	aggstate->ss.ps.outerops =
+		ExecGetResultSlotOps(outerPlanState(&aggstate->ss),
+							 &aggstate->ss.ps.outeropsfixed);
+	aggstate->ss.ps.outeropsset = true;
+
 	ExecCreateScanSlotFromOuterPlan(estate, &aggstate->ss,
-									ExecGetResultSlotOps(outerPlanState(&aggstate->ss), NULL));
+									aggstate->ss.ps.outerops);
 	scanDesc = aggstate->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
-	if (node->chain)
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are more than two phases (including a potential dummy phase
+	 * 0), input will be resorted using tuplesort. Need a slot for that.
+	 */
+	if (numPhases > 2)
+	{
 		aggstate->sort_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
 													 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
 
+		/*
+		 * The output of the tuplesort, and the output from the outer child
+		 * might not use the same type of slot. In most cases the child will
+		 * be a Sort, and thus return a TTSOpsMinimalTuple type slot - but the
+		 * input can also be be presorted due an index, in which case it could
+		 * be a different type of slot.
+		 *
+		 * XXX: For efficiency it would be good to instead/additionally
+		 * generate expressions with corresponding settings of outerops* for
+		 * the individual phases - deforming is often a bottleneck for
+		 * aggregations with lots of rows per group. If there's multiple
+		 * sorts, we know that all but the first use TTSOpsMinimalTuple (via
+		 * the nodeAgg.c internal tuplesort).
+		 */
+		if (aggstate->ss.ps.outeropsfixed &&
+			aggstate->ss.ps.outerops != &TTSOpsMinimalTuple)
+			aggstate->ss.ps.outeropsfixed = false;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Initialize result type, slot and projection.
 	 */

src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out

@@ -1360,6 +1360,61 @@ explain (costs off)
                ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
 (10 rows)
 
+-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
+-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
+-- e.g. due to an index scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
+EXPLAIN SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort  (cost=1.20..1.21 rows=5 width=24)
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate  (cost=1.03..1.14 rows=5 width=24)
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Sort  (cost=1.03..1.03 rows=2 width=8)
+               Sort Key: a
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest3  (cost=0.00..1.02 rows=2 width=8)
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort  (cost=12.32..12.33 rows=5 width=24)
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate  (cost=0.13..12.26 rows=5 width=24)
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Index Scan using gstest3_pkey on gstest3  (cost=0.13..12.16 rows=2 width=8)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
 -- More rescan tests
 select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
  a | a | four | ten | count 

src/test/regress/sql/groupingsets.sql

@@ -384,6 +384,18 @@ explain (costs off)
     from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
    group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
 
+-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
+-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
+-- e.g. due to an index scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
+EXPLAIN SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+COMMIT;
+
 -- More rescan tests
 select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
 select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);