dd2e0ce8c1
The RHEL documentation builds have been slow and intermittently failing. The mirrors are not down: three consecutive full metadata refreshes from the same host measured 73, 124, and 157 seconds with a full mirror list and no dead mirrors, so the variance is mirror throughput rather than availability. Every documentation container pays this cost because Rocky sets metadata_expire to six hours and the cached base image is normally older than that by the time it is used. Tune dnf to fail over from a slow mirror. By default a mirror is only abandoned when it delivers less than 1000 bytes per second for 30 seconds, so a mirror that is crawling rather than failing is retried instead of dropped. Raise the rate floor to 50k, shorten the timeout, sort mirrors by latency, and fetch in parallel. Disable repositories the documentation does not use so their metadata is not refreshed in every container. The epel-release package adds an openh264 repository and the PGDG repository enables one repository per PostgreSQL version, of which only the documented version and the upgrade version are needed. This takes the enabled repository count from twelve to eight. The enable list is driven from the existing version variables so it follows a version bump. After both changes the same three-run measurement was 81, 53, and 51 seconds, though the mirror variance being addressed also makes that comparison noisy. The container revision is left alone since the cache key hashes the generated Dockerfile and these edits invalidate it on their own.
pgBackRest
Reliable PostgreSQL Backup & Restore
Introduction
pgBackRest is a reliable backup and restore solution for PostgreSQL that seamlessly scales up to the largest databases and workloads.
pgBackRest v2.59.0 is the current stable release. Release notes are on the Releases page.
Please give us a star on GitHub if you like pgBackRest!
News
July 20, 2026 - New Distribution Tarball
July 20, 2026 - pgBackRest 2.59.0 Released
May 18, 2026 - pgBackRest Will Continue!
Sponsors
pgBackRest would not exist without sponsorship. Writing new features, fixing bugs, reviewing contributions, answering questions from the community, and maintenance all take a considerable amount of time. Please consider a sponsorship if you use pgBackRest in your enterprise.
Our sponsors: AWS, Supabase, pgEdge, Tiger Data, Percona, Eon, Xata, Dalibo, Data Egret.
We are grateful to our sponsors for investing in open-source infrastructure that benefits the entire PostgreSQL community.
Past sponsors: Crunchy Data, Resonate.
Features
Parallel Backup & Restore
Compression is usually the bottleneck during backup operations so pgBackRest solves this problem with parallel processing and more efficient compression algorithms such as lz4 and zstd.
Local or Remote Operation
A custom protocol allows pgBackRest to backup, restore, and archive locally or remotely via TLS/SSH with minimal configuration. An interface to query PostgreSQL is also provided via the protocol layer so that remote access to PostgreSQL is never required, which enhances security.
Multiple Repositories
Multiple repositories allow, for example, a local repository with minimal retention for fast restores and a remote repository with a longer retention for redundancy and access across the enterprise.
Full, Differential, & Incremental Backups (at File or Block Level)
Full, differential, and incremental backups are supported. pgBackRest is not susceptible to the time resolution issues of rsync, making differential and incremental backups safe without the requirement to checksum each file. Block-level backups save space by only copying the parts of files that have changed.
Backup Rotation & Archive Expiration
Retention policies can be set for full and differential backups to create coverage for any time frame. The WAL archive can be maintained for all backups or strictly for the most recent backups. In the latter case WAL required to make older backups consistent will be maintained in the archive.
Backup Integrity
Checksums are calculated for every file in the backup and rechecked during a restore or verify. After a backup finishes copying files, it waits until every WAL segment required to make the backup consistent reaches the repository.
Backups in the repository may be stored in the same format as a standard PostgreSQL cluster (including tablespaces). If compression is disabled and hard links are enabled it is possible to snapshot a backup in the repository and bring up a PostgreSQL cluster directly on the snapshot. This is advantageous for terabyte-scale databases that are time consuming to restore in the traditional way.
All operations utilize file and directory level fsync to ensure durability.
Page Checksums
If page checksums are enabled pgBackRest will validate the checksums for every file that is copied during a backup. All page checksums are validated during a full backup and checksums in files that have changed are validated during differential and incremental backups.
Validation failures do not stop the backup process, but warnings with details of exactly which pages have failed validation are output to the console and file log.
This feature allows page-level corruption to be detected early, before backups that contain valid copies of the data have expired.
Backup Resume
An interrupted backup can be resumed from the point where it was stopped. Files that were already copied are compared with the checksums in the manifest to ensure integrity. Since this operation can take place entirely on the repository host, it reduces load on the PostgreSQL host and saves time since checksum calculation is faster than compressing and retransmitting data.
Streaming Compression & Checksums
Compression and checksum calculations are performed in stream while files are being copied to the repository, whether the repository is located locally or remotely.
If the repository is on a repository host, compression is performed on the PostgreSQL host and files are transmitted in a compressed format and simply stored on the repository host. When compression is disabled a lower level of compression is utilized to make efficient use of available bandwidth while keeping CPU cost to a minimum.
Delta Restore
The manifest contains checksums for every file in the backup so that during a restore it is possible to use these checksums to speed processing enormously. On a delta restore any files not present in the backup are first removed and then checksums are generated for the remaining files. Files that match the backup are left in place and the rest of the files are restored as usual. Parallel processing can lead to a dramatic reduction in restore times.
Parallel, Asynchronous WAL Push & Get
Dedicated commands are included for pushing WAL to the archive and getting WAL from the archive. Both commands support parallelism to accelerate processing and run asynchronously to provide the fastest possible response time to PostgreSQL.
WAL push automatically detects WAL segments that are pushed multiple times and de-duplicates when the segment is identical, otherwise an error is raised. Asynchronous WAL push allows transfer to be offloaded to another process which compresses WAL segments in parallel for maximum throughput. This can be a critical feature for databases with extremely high write volume.
Asynchronous WAL get maintains a local queue of WAL segments that are decompressed and ready for replay. This reduces the time needed to provide WAL to PostgreSQL which maximizes replay speed. Higher-latency connections and storage (such as S3) benefit the most.
The push and get commands both ensure that the database and repository match by comparing PostgreSQL versions and system identifiers. This virtually eliminates the possibility of misconfiguring the WAL archive location.
Tablespace & Link Support
Tablespaces are fully supported and on restore tablespaces can be remapped to any location. It is also possible to remap all tablespaces to one location with a single command which is useful for development restores.
File and directory links are supported for any file or directory in the PostgreSQL cluster. When restoring it is possible to restore all links to their original locations, remap some or all links, or restore some or all links as normal files or directories within the cluster directory.
S3, Azure, and GCS Compatible Object Store Support
pgBackRest repositories can be located in S3, Azure, and GCS compatible object stores to allow for virtually unlimited capacity and retention.
Encryption
pgBackRest can encrypt the repository to secure backups wherever they are stored.
Ransomware & Malware Protection
When the repository is stored on versioned object storage, pgBackRest can read the repository as it was at a point-in-time. If backups are deleted or corrupted by accident, malware, or ransomware, a target time can be used to recover data from before the damage occurred.
Versioning is supported by S3, Azure, and GCS compatible object stores. Object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure can provide additional protection against tampering.
Compatibility with ten versions of PostgreSQL
pgBackRest includes support for ten versions of PostgreSQL, the five supported versions and the last five EOL versions. This allows ample time to upgrade to a supported version.
Getting Started
pgBackRest strives to be easy to configure and operate:
- User guides for various operating systems and PostgreSQL versions.
- Command reference for command-line operations.
- Configuration reference for creating pgBackRest configurations.
Contributions
Contributions to pgBackRest are always welcome! Please see our Contributing Guidelines for details on how to contribute features, improvements or issues.
Support
pgBackRest is completely free and open source under the MIT license. You may use it for personal or commercial purposes without any restrictions whatsoever. Bug reports are taken very seriously and will be addressed as quickly as possible. Please report bugs here.
Creating a robust disaster recovery policy with proper replication and backup strategies can be a very complex and daunting task. You may find that you need help during the architecture phase and ongoing support to ensure that your enterprise continues running smoothly.
Our sponsors offer products and services that include pgBackRest support and can help with your disaster recovery needs.