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This PR proposes an alternative configuration for the snap build that avoid the need to use `--system-site-package` when constructing the virtual environment in the snap. The rationale of `--system-site-package` was that by default, snapcraft creates a virtual environment without `wheel` installed in it. However we need it to build the wheels like `cryptography` on ARM architectures. Sadly there is not way to instruct snapcraft to install some build dependencies in the virtual environment before it kicks in the build phase itself, without overriding that entire phase (which is possible with `parts.override-build`). The alternative proposed here is to not override the entire build part, but just add some preparatory steps that will be done before the main actions handled by the `python` snap plugin. To do so, I take advantage of the `--upgrade` flag available for the `venv` module in Python 3. This allows to reuse a preexisting virtual environment, and upgrade its component. Adding a flag to the `venv` call is possible in snapcraft, thanks to the `SNAPCRAFT_PYTHON_VENV_ARGS` environment variable (and it is already used to set the `--system-site-package`). Given `SNAPCRAFT_PYTHON_VENV_ARGS` set to `--upgrade` , we configure the build phase as follows: * create the virtual environment ourselves in the expected place (`SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL`) * leverage `tools/pipstrap.py` to install `setuptools`, `pip`, and of course, `wheel` * let the standard build operations kick in with a call to `snapcraftctl build`: at that point the `--upgrade` flag will be appended to the standard virtual environment creation, reusing our crafted venv instead of creating a new one. This approach has also the advantage to invoke `pipstrap.py` as it is done for the other deployable artifacts, and for the PR validations, reducing risks of shifts between the various deployment methods.
Certbot is part of EFF’s effort to encrypt the entire Internet. Secure communication over the Web relies on HTTPS, which requires the use of a digital certificate that lets browsers verify the identity of web servers (e.g., is that really google.com?). Web servers obtain their certificates from trusted third parties called certificate authorities (CAs). Certbot is an easy-to-use client that fetches a certificate from Let’s Encrypt—an open certificate authority launched by the EFF, Mozilla, and others—and deploys it to a web server.
Anyone who has gone through the trouble of setting up a secure website knows what a hassle getting and maintaining a certificate is. Certbot and Let’s Encrypt can automate away the pain and let you turn on and manage HTTPS with simple commands. Using Certbot and Let's Encrypt is free, so there’s no need to arrange payment.
How you use Certbot depends on the configuration of your web server. The best way to get started is to use our interactive guide. It generates instructions based on your configuration settings. In most cases, you’ll need root or administrator access to your web server to run Certbot.
Certbot is meant to be run directly on your web server, not on your personal computer. If you’re using a hosted service and don’t have direct access to your web server, you might not be able to use Certbot. Check with your hosting provider for documentation about uploading certificates or using certificates issued by Let’s Encrypt.
Certbot is a fully-featured, extensible client for the Let's Encrypt CA (or any other CA that speaks the ACME protocol) that can automate the tasks of obtaining certificates and configuring webservers to use them. This client runs on Unix-based operating systems.
To see the changes made to Certbot between versions please refer to our changelog.
Until May 2016, Certbot was named simply letsencrypt or
letsencrypt-auto, depending on install method. Instructions
on the Internet, and some pieces of the software, may still refer to
this older name.
Contributing
If you'd like to contribute to this project please read Developer Guide.
This project is governed by EFF's Public Projects Code of Conduct.
How to run the client
The easiest way to install and run Certbot is by visiting certbot.eff.org, where you can find the correct instructions for many web server and OS combinations. For more information, see Get Certbot.
Understanding the client in more depth
To understand what the client is doing in detail, it's important to understand the way it uses plugins. Please see the explanation of plugins in the User Guide.
Links
Documentation: https://certbot.eff.org/docs
Software project: https://github.com/certbot/certbot
Notes for developers: https://certbot.eff.org/docs/contributing.html
Main Website: https://certbot.eff.org
Let's Encrypt Website: https://letsencrypt.org
Community: https://community.letsencrypt.org
ACME spec: RFC 8555
ACME working area in github (archived): https://github.com/ietf-wg-acme/acme
System Requirements
See https://certbot.eff.org/docs/install.html#system-requirements.
Current Features
- Supports multiple web servers:
- apache/2.x
- nginx/0.8.48+
- webroot (adds files to webroot directories in order to prove control of domains and obtain certs)
- standalone (runs its own simple webserver to prove you control a domain)
- other server software via third party plugins
- The private key is generated locally on your system.
- Can talk to the Let's Encrypt CA or optionally to other ACME compliant services.
- Can get domain-validated (DV) certificates.
- Can revoke certificates.
- Adjustable RSA key bit-length (2048 (default), 4096, ...).
- Adjustable EC key (secp256r1 (default), secp384r1, secp521r1).
- Can optionally install a http -> https redirect, so your site effectively runs https only (Apache only)
- Fully automated.
- Configuration changes are logged and can be reverted.
- Supports an interactive text UI, or can be driven entirely from the command line.
- Free and Open Source Software, made with Python.
For extensive documentation on using and contributing to Certbot, go to https://certbot.eff.org/docs. If you would like to contribute to the project or run the latest code from git, you should read our developer guide.