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292 lines
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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-->
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<title>mod_privileges - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
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<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body>
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<div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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<div id="page-content">
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_privileges</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_privileges.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Support for Solaris privileges and for running virtual hosts
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under different user IDs.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module<EFBFBD>Identifier:</a></th><td>privileges_module</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3 and up, on Solaris 10 and
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OpenSolaris platforms</td></tr></table>
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<h3>Summary</h3>
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<p>This module enables different Virtual Hosts to run with different
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Unix™ <var>User</var> and <var>Group</var> IDs, and with different
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<a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. In particular, it offers a solution to the
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problem of privilege separation between different Virtual Hosts, first
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promised by the abandoned <code class="module"><a href="../mod/perchild.html">perchild</a></code> MPM.
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It also offers other security enhancements.</p>
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<p>Unlike <code class="module"><a href="../mod/perchild.html">perchild</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code>
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is not itself an MPM. It works <em>within</em> a processing model to
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set privileges and User/Group <em>per request</em> in a running process.
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It is therefore not compatible with a threaded MPM, and will refuse
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to run under one.</p>
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<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> raises security issues similar to
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those of <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a>. But unlike suexec,
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it applies not only to CGI programs but to the entire request processing
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cycle, including in-process applications and subprocesses.
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It is ideally suited to running PHP applications under <strong>mod_php</strong>,
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which is also incompatible with threaded MPMs. It is also well-suited
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to other in-process scripting applications such as <strong>mod_perl</strong>,
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<strong>mod_python</strong>, and <strong>mod_ruby</strong>, and to
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applications implemented in C as apache modules where privilege
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separation is an issue.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
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<ul id="toc">
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dtraceprivileges">DTracePrivileges</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostcgimode">VHostCGIMode</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostcgiprivs">VHostCGIPrivs</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostprivs">VHostPrivs</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostsecure">VHostSecure</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="DTracePrivileges" id="DTracePrivileges">DTracePrivileges</a> <a name="dtraceprivileges" id="dtraceprivileges">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the privileges required by dtrace are enabled.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>DTracePrivileges On|Off</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>DTracePrivileges Off</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>This server-wide directive determines whether Apache will run with
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the <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> required to run
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<a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/content/dtrace/">dtrace</a>.
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Note that <var>DTracePrivileges On</var> will not in itself
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activate DTrace, but <var>DTracePrivileges Off</var> will prevent
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it working.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostCGIMode" id="VHostCGIMode">VHostCGIMode</a> <a name="vhostcgimode" id="vhostcgimode">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the virtualhost can run
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subprocesses, and the privileges available to subprocesses.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostCGIMode On|Off|Secure</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VHostCGIMode On</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>Determines whether the virtual host is allowed to run fork and exec,
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the <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> required to run subprocesses. If this is set to
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<var>Off</var> the virtualhost is denied the privileges and will not
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be able to run traditional CGI programs or scripts under the traditional
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<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, nor similar external programs such as those
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created by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> or
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> <var>prog</var>.
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Note that it does not prevent CGI programs running under alternative
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process and security models such as <a href="http://fastcgi.coremail.cn">mod_fcgid</a>, which is a recommended solution in Solaris.</p>
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<p>If set to <var>On</var> or <var>Secure</var>, the virtual host
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is permitted to run external programs and scripts as above.
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Setting <code class="directive">VHostCGIMode</code> <var>Secure</var> has
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the effect of denying privileges to the subprocesses, as described
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for <code class="directive">VHostSecure</code>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostCGIPrivs" id="VHostCGIPrivs">VHostCGIPrivs</a> <a name="vhostcgiprivs" id="vhostcgiprivs">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Assign arbitrary privileges to subprocesses created
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by a virtual host.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostPrivs [+-]?<var>privilege-name</var> [[+-]?privilege-name] ...</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>None</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM)
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and when <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> is compiled with the
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<var>BIG_SECURITY_HOLE</var> compile-time option.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><code class="directive">VHostCGIPrivs</code> can be used to assign arbitrary <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> to subprocesses created by a virtual host, as discussed
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under <code class="directive">VHostCGIMode</code>. Each <var>privilege-name</var>
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is the name of a Solaris privilege, such as <var>file_setid</var>
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or <var>sys_nfs</var>.</p>
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<p>A <var>privilege-name</var> may optionally be prefixed by
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+ or -, which will respectively allow or deny a privilege.
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If used with neither + nor -, all privileges otherwise assigned
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to the virtualhost will be denied. You can use this to override
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any of the default sets and construct your own privilege set.</p>
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<div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
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<p>This directive can open huge security holes in apache subprocesses,
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up to and including running them with root-level powers. Do not
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use it unless you fully understand what you are doing!</p></div>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostGroup" id="VHostGroup">VHostGroup</a> <a name="vhostgroup" id="vhostgroup">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the Group ID under which a virtual host runs.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostGroup <var>unix-groupid</var></code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Inherits the group id specified in
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code></code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>The <code class="directive">VHostGroup</code> directive sets the Unix group
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under which the server will process requests to a virtualhost.
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The group is set before the request is processed and reset afterwards
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using <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. Since the setting applies to the
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<em>process</em>, this is not compatible with threaded MPMs.</p>
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<p><var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>A group name</dt>
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<dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd>
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<dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt>
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<dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
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<p>This directive cannot be used to run apache as root!
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Nevertheless, it opens potential security issues similar to
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those discussed in the <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a>
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documentation.</p></div>
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<h3>See also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code></li>
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<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostPrivs" id="VHostPrivs">VHostPrivs</a> <a name="vhostprivs" id="vhostprivs">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Assign arbitrary privileges to a virtual host.</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostPrivs [+-]?<var>privilege-name</var> [[+-]?privilege-name] ...</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>None</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).
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and when <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> is compiled with the
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<var>BIG_SECURITY_HOLE</var> compile-time option.</td></tr>
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||
</table>
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<p><code class="directive">VHostPrivs</code> can be used to assign arbitrary <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> to a virtual host. Each <var>privilege-name</var>
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is the name of a Solaris privilege, such as <var>file_setid</var>
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or <var>sys_nfs</var>.</p>
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<p>A <var>privilege-name</var> may optionally be prefixed by
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+ or -, which will respectively allow or deny a privilege.
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If used with neither + nor -, all privileges otherwise assigned
|
||
to the virtualhost will be denied. You can use this to override
|
||
any of the default sets and construct your own privilege set.</p>
|
||
|
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<div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
|
||
<p>This directive can open huge security holes in apache, up to
|
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and including running requests with root-level powers. Do not
|
||
use it unless you fully understand what you are doing!</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostSecure" id="VHostSecure">VHostSecure</a> <a name="vhostsecure" id="vhostsecure">Directive</a></h2>
|
||
<table class="directive">
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the server runs with enhanced security
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||
for the virtualhost.</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostSecure On|Off</code></td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VHostSecure On</code></td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr>
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||
</table>
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<p>Determines whether the virtual host processes requests with
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security enhanced by removal of <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Privileges</a> that are rarely needed in a webserver, but which are
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available by default to a normal Unix user and may therefore
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be required by modules and applications. It is recommended that
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you retain the default (On) unless it prevents an application running.
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Since the setting applies to the <em>process</em>, this is not
|
||
compatible with threaded MPMs.</p>
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<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
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<p>If <code class="directive">VHostSecure</code> prevents an application
|
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running, this may be a warning sign that the application should be
|
||
reviewed for security.</p></div>
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||
|
||
</div>
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||
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostUser" id="VHostUser">VHostUser</a> <a name="vhostuser" id="vhostuser">Directive</a></h2>
|
||
<table class="directive">
|
||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the User ID under which a virtual host runs.</td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostUser <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Inherits the userid specified in
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code></code></td></tr>
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||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with
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non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr>
|
||
</table>
|
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<p>The <code class="directive">VHostUser</code> directive sets the Unix userid
|
||
under which the server will process requests to a virtualhost.
|
||
The userid is set before the request is processed and reset afterwards
|
||
using <a href="http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. Since the setting applies to the
|
||
<em>process</em>, this is not compatible with threaded MPMs.</p>
|
||
<p><var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p>
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt>A username</dt>
|
||
<dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt><code>#</code> followed by a user number.</dt>
|
||
<dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
|
||
<p>This directive cannot be used to run apache as root!
|
||
Nevertheless, it opens potential security issues similar to
|
||
those discussed in the <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a>
|
||
documentation.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
<h3>See also</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code></li>
|
||
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottomlang">
|
||
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_privileges.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
|
||
</div><div id="footer">
|
||
<p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
|
||
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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