mirror of
https://github.com/apache/httpd.git
synced 2025-10-30 08:05:39 +03:00
05ed8fd266
git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@1805373 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
230 lines
13 KiB
XML
230 lines
13 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
|
||
<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
|
||
<!--
|
||
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
|
||
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
|
||
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
|
||
-->
|
||
<title>Access Control - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
|
||
<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
|
||
<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
|
||
<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />
|
||
<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
|
||
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
|
||
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
|
||
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
|
||
<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
|
||
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div id="path">
|
||
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Access Control</h1>
|
||
<div class="toplang">
|
||
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> |
|
||
<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa<70>ol"> es </a> |
|
||
<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais"> fr </a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>Access control refers to any means of controlling access to any
|
||
resource. This is separate from <a href="auth.html">authentication and authorization</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li>
|
||
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#host">Access control by host</a></li>
|
||
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></li>
|
||
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></li>
|
||
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moreinformation">More information</a></li>
|
||
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Access control can be done by several different modules. The most
|
||
important of these are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> and
|
||
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. Also discussed in this document
|
||
is access control using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="host" id="host">Access control by host</a></h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
If you wish to restrict access to portions of your site based on the
|
||
host address of your visitors, this is most easily done using
|
||
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>
|
||
provides a variety of different ways to allow or deny access to
|
||
resources. In conjunction with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives, these
|
||
requirements may be combined in arbitrarily complex ways, to enforce
|
||
whatever your access policy happens to be.</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="warning"><p>
|
||
The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code>,
|
||
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code>, and
|
||
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#order">Order</a></code> directives,
|
||
provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html">mod_access_compat</a></code>, are deprecated and
|
||
will go away in a future version. You should avoid using them, and
|
||
avoid outdated tutorials recommending their use.
|
||
</p></div>
|
||
|
||
<p>The usage of these directives is:</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require host <var>address</var>
|
||
Require ip <var>ip.address</var>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>In the first form, <var>address</var> is a fully qualified
|
||
domain name (or a partial domain name); you may provide multiple
|
||
addresses or domain names, if desired.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In the second form, <var>ip.address</var> is an IP address, a
|
||
partial IP address, a network/netmask pair, or a network/nnn CIDR
|
||
specification. Either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses may be used.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>See <a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#requiredirectives">the
|
||
mod_authz_host documentation</a> for further examples of this
|
||
syntax.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>You can insert <code>not</code> to negate a particular requirement.
|
||
Note, that since a <code>not</code> is a negation of a value, it cannot
|
||
be used by itself to allow or deny a request, as <em>not true</em>
|
||
does not constitute <em>false</em>. Thus, to deny a visit using a negation,
|
||
the block must have one element that evaluates as true or false.
|
||
For example, if you have someone spamming your message
|
||
board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the
|
||
following:</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><RequireAll>
|
||
Require all granted
|
||
Require not ip 10.252.46.165
|
||
</RequireAll></pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Visitors coming from that address (<code>10.252.46.165</code>)
|
||
will not be able to see the content covered by this directive. If,
|
||
instead, you have a machine name, rather than an IP address, you
|
||
can use that.</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not host <var>host.example.com</var>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain,
|
||
you can specify just part of an address or domain name:</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not ip 192.168.205
|
||
Require not host phishers.example.com moreidiots.example
|
||
Require not host gov</pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Use of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives may be
|
||
used to enforce more complex sets of requirements.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="env" id="env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>,
|
||
you can allow or deny access based on arbitrary environment
|
||
variables or request header values. For example, to deny access
|
||
based on user-agent (the browser type) you might do the
|
||
following:</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} == 'BadBot'">
|
||
Require all denied
|
||
</If></pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>
|
||
<code>expr</code> syntax, this could also be written as:</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require expr %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} != 'BadBot'</pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="note"><h3>Warning:</h3>
|
||
<p>Access control by <code>User-Agent</code> is an unreliable technique,
|
||
since the <code>User-Agent</code> header can be set to anything at all,
|
||
at the whim of the end user.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>See <a href="../expr.html">the expressions document</a> for a
|
||
further discussion of what expression syntaxes and variables are
|
||
available to you.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>The <code>[F]</code> <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> flag causes a 403 Forbidden
|
||
response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based
|
||
on arbitrary criteria.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm
|
||
and 7am, you can do this using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine On
|
||
RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" ">=20" [OR]
|
||
RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" "<07"
|
||
RewriteRule "^/fridge" "-" [F]</pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm
|
||
or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish
|
||
to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if
|
||
that approach is preferred.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> directive,
|
||
added in 2.4, replaces many things that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> has
|
||
traditionally been used to do, and you should probably look there first
|
||
before resorting to mod_rewrite.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="moreinformation" id="moreinformation">More information</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>The <a href="../expr.html">expression engine</a> gives you a
|
||
great deal of power to do a variety of things based on arbitrary
|
||
server variables, and you should consult that document for more
|
||
detail.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Also, you should read the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code>
|
||
documentation for examples of combining multiple access requirements
|
||
and specifying how they interact.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>See also the <a href="auth.html">Authentication and Authorization</a>
|
||
howto.</p>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
<div class="bottomlang">
|
||
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> |
|
||
<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa<70>ol"> es </a> |
|
||
<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais"> fr </a></p>
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
|
||
var comments_shortname = 'httpd';
|
||
var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/howto/access.html';
|
||
(function(w, d) {
|
||
if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {
|
||
d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
|
||
var s = d.createElement('script');
|
||
s.type = 'text/javascript';
|
||
s.async = true;
|
||
s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
|
||
(d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
|
||
}
|
||
else {
|
||
d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');
|
||
}
|
||
})(window, document);
|
||
//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer">
|
||
<p class="apache">Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
|
||
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
|
||
if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {
|
||
prettyPrint();
|
||
}
|
||
//--><!]]></script>
|
||
</body></html> |