mirror of
https://github.com/apache/httpd.git
synced 2025-11-03 17:53:20 +03:00
b63283aacd
git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@1364314 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
577 lines
32 KiB
XML
577 lines
32 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
|
|
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
|
|
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
|
|
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
|
|
-->
|
|
<title>Configuration Sections - Apache HTTP Server</title>
|
|
<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
|
|
<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
|
|
<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
|
|
<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript">
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
|
|
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
|
|
<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
|
|
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
|
|
<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
|
|
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div id="path">
|
|
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Sections</h1>
|
|
<div class="toplang">
|
|
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> |
|
|
<a href="./fr/sections.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
|
|
<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
|
|
<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
|
|
<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Directives in the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> may apply to the
|
|
entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular
|
|
directories, files, hosts, or URLs. This document describes how to
|
|
use configuration section containers or <code>.htaccess</code> files
|
|
to change the scope of other configuration directives.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></li>
|
|
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#file-and-web">Filesystem, Webspace, and Boolean Expressions</a></li>
|
|
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></li>
|
|
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></li>
|
|
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></li>
|
|
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#merging">How the sections are merged</a></li>
|
|
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
|
|
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="types" id="types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
|
|
|
|
<p>There are two basic types of containers. Most containers are
|
|
evaluated for each request. The enclosed directives are applied only
|
|
for those requests that match the containers. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, and
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
|
|
containers, on the other hand, are evaluated only at server startup
|
|
and restart. If their conditions are true at startup, then the
|
|
enclosed directives will apply to all requests. If the conditions are
|
|
not true, the enclosed directives will be ignored.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> directive
|
|
encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate
|
|
parameter is defined on the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> command line. For example,
|
|
with the following configuration, all requests will be redirected
|
|
to another site only if the server is started using
|
|
<code>httpd -DClosedForNow</code>:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<IfDefine ClosedForNow>
|
|
Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/
|
|
</IfDefine>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>
|
|
directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will
|
|
only be applied if a particular module is available in the server.
|
|
The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it
|
|
must be dynamically compiled and its <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> line must be earlier in the
|
|
configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need
|
|
your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are
|
|
installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want
|
|
to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages
|
|
about missing modules.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the following example, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive will be
|
|
applied only if <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code> is available.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>
|
|
MimeMagicFile conf/magic
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
|
|
directive is very similar to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, except it encloses directives that will
|
|
only be applied if a particular version of the server is executing. This
|
|
module is designed for the use in test suites and large networks which have to
|
|
deal with different httpd versions and different configurations.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<IfVersion >= 2.4>
|
|
# this happens only in versions greater or
|
|
# equal 2.4.0.
|
|
</IfVersion>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, and the
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
|
|
can apply negative conditions by preceding their test with "!".
|
|
Also, these sections can be nested to achieve more complex
|
|
restrictions.</p>
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="file-and-web" id="file-and-web">Filesystem, Webspace, and Boolean Expressions</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The most commonly used configuration section containers are the
|
|
ones that change the configuration of particular places in the
|
|
filesystem or webspace. First, it is important to understand the
|
|
difference between the two. The filesystem is the view of your disks
|
|
as seen by your operating system. For example, in a default install,
|
|
Apache httpd resides at <code>/usr/local/apache2</code> in the Unix
|
|
filesystem or <code>"c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"</code> in
|
|
the Windows filesystem. (Note that forward slashes should always be
|
|
used as the path separator in Apache httpd configuration files, even for Windows.) In contrast,
|
|
the webspace is the view of your site as delivered by the web server
|
|
and seen by the client. So the path <code>/dir/</code> in the
|
|
webspace corresponds to the path
|
|
<code>/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dir/</code> in the filesystem of a
|
|
default Apache httpd install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to
|
|
the filesystem, since webpages may be generated dynamically
|
|
from databases or other locations.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="filesystem" id="filesystem">Filesystem Containers</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
|
|
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>
|
|
directives, along with their <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regex</a>
|
|
counterparts, apply directives to
|
|
parts of the filesystem. Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section apply to
|
|
the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that
|
|
directory (as well as the files in those directories).
|
|
The same effect can be obtained using <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess files</a>. For example, in the
|
|
following configuration, directory indexes will be enabled for the
|
|
<code>/var/web/dir1</code> directory and all subdirectories.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Directory /var/web/dir1>
|
|
Options +Indexes
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> section apply to any file with
|
|
the specified name, regardless of what directory it lies in.
|
|
So for example, the following configuration directives will,
|
|
when placed in the main section of the configuration file,
|
|
deny access to any file named <code>private.html</code> regardless
|
|
of where it is found.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Files private.html>
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</Files>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>To address files found in a particular part of the filesystem, the
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections
|
|
can be combined. For example, the following configuration will deny
|
|
access to <code>/var/web/dir1/private.html</code>,
|
|
<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir2/private.html</code>,
|
|
<code>/var/web/dir1/subdir3/private.html</code>, and any other instance
|
|
of <code>private.html</code> found under the <code>/var/web/dir1/</code>
|
|
directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Directory /var/web/dir1>
|
|
<Files private.html>
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</Files>
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="webspace" id="webspace">Webspace Containers</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
|
|
directive and its <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regex</a> counterpart, on
|
|
the other hand, change the
|
|
configuration for content in the webspace. For example, the following
|
|
configuration prevents access to any URL-path that begins in /private.
|
|
In particular, it will apply to requests for
|
|
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private</code>,
|
|
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private123</code>, and
|
|
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private/dir/file.html</code> as well
|
|
as any other requests starting with the <code>/private</code> string.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<LocationMatch ^/private>
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
|
|
directive need not have anything to do with the filesystem.
|
|
For example, the following example shows how to map a particular
|
|
URL to an internal Apache HTTP Server handler provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>.
|
|
No file called <code>server-status</code> needs to exist in the
|
|
filesystem.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Location /server-status>
|
|
SetHandler server-status
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="overlapping-webspace" id="overlapping-webspace">Overlapping Webspace</a></h3>
|
|
<p>In order to have two overlapping URLs one has to consider the order in which
|
|
certain sections or directives are evaluated. For
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> this would be:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Location /foo>
|
|
</Location>
|
|
<Location /foo/bar>
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias"><Alias></a></code>es on the other hand,
|
|
are mapped vice-versa:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
Alias /foo/bar /srv/www/uncommon/bar
|
|
Alias /foo /srv/www/common/foo
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The same is true for the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code>
|
|
directives:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
ProxyPass /special-area http://special.example.com smax=5 max=10
|
|
ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="wildcards" id="wildcards">Wildcards and Regular Expressions</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, and
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
|
|
directives can each use shell-style wildcard characters as in
|
|
<code>fnmatch</code> from the C standard library. The character "*"
|
|
matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character,
|
|
and "[<em>seq</em>]" matches any character in <em>seq</em>. The "/"
|
|
character will not be matched by any wildcard; it must be specified
|
|
explicitly.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If even more flexible matching is required, each
|
|
container has a regular expression (regex) counterpart <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> that allow
|
|
perl-compatible
|
|
<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>
|
|
to be used in choosing the matches. But see the section below on
|
|
configuration merging to find out how using regex sections will change
|
|
how directives are applied.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of
|
|
all user directories could look as follows:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Directory /home/*/public_html>
|
|
Options Indexes
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Using regex sections, we can deny access to many types of image files
|
|
at once:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$>
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</FilesMatch>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="expressions" id="expressions">Boolean expressions</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>
|
|
directive change the configuration depending on a condition which can be
|
|
expressed by a boolean expression. For example, the following configuration
|
|
denies access if the HTTP Referer header does not start with
|
|
"http://www.example.com/".</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<If "!(%{HTTP_REFERER} -strmatch 'http://www.example.com/*')">
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</If>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="whichwhen" id="whichwhen">What to use When</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Choosing between filesystem containers and webspace containers is
|
|
actually quite easy. When applying directives to objects that reside
|
|
in the filesystem always use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>. When applying directives to objects
|
|
that do not reside in the filesystem (such as a webpage generated from
|
|
a database), use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>It is important to never use <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> when trying to restrict
|
|
access to objects in the filesystem. This is because many
|
|
different webspace locations (URLs) could map to the same filesystem
|
|
location, allowing your restrictions to be circumvented.
|
|
For example, consider the following configuration:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Location /dir/>
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This works fine if the request is for
|
|
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/dir/</code>. But what if you are on
|
|
a case-insensitive filesystem? Then your restriction could be easily
|
|
circumvented by requesting
|
|
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/DIR/</code>. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive, in
|
|
contrast, will apply to any content served from that location,
|
|
regardless of how it is called. (An exception is filesystem links.
|
|
The same directory can be placed in more than one part of the
|
|
filesystem using symbolic links. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directive will follow the symbolic
|
|
link without resetting the pathname. Therefore, for the highest level
|
|
of security, symbolic links should be disabled with the appropriate
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive.)</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you are, perhaps, thinking that none of this applies to you
|
|
because you use a case-sensitive filesystem, remember that there are
|
|
many other ways to map multiple webspace locations to the same
|
|
filesystem location. Therefore you should always use the filesystem
|
|
containers when you can. There is, however, one exception to this
|
|
rule. Putting configuration restrictions in a <code><Location
|
|
/></code> section is perfectly safe because this section will apply
|
|
to all requests regardless of the specific URL.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="nesting" id="nesting">Nesting of sections</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Some section types can be nested inside other section types. One the one
|
|
hand, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> can be used
|
|
inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>. On
|
|
the other hand, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> can
|
|
be used inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> sections. The regex
|
|
counterparts of the named section behave identically.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Nested sections are merged after non-nested sections of the same type.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
|
|
container encloses directives that apply to specific hosts.
|
|
This is useful when serving multiple hosts from the same machine
|
|
with a different configuration for each. For more information,
|
|
see the <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host Documentation</a>.</p>
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>
|
|
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code>
|
|
containers apply enclosed configuration directives only
|
|
to sites accessed through <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>'s proxy server
|
|
that match the specified URL. For example, the following configuration
|
|
will prevent the proxy server from being used to access the
|
|
<code>www.example.com</code> website.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Proxy http://www.example.com/*>
|
|
Require all granted
|
|
</Proxy>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="whatwhere" id="whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>To find out what directives are allowed in what types of
|
|
configuration sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the directive.
|
|
Everything that is allowed in
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
|
|
sections is also syntactically allowed in
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>,
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>,
|
|
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code>
|
|
sections. There are some exceptions, however:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> directive
|
|
works only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
|
|
sections.</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>The <code>FollowSymLinks</code> and
|
|
<code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> work only in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections or
|
|
<code>.htaccess</code> files.</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> directive cannot
|
|
be used in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>
|
|
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>
|
|
sections.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
|
<div class="section">
|
|
<h2><a name="merging" id="merging">How the sections are merged</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The configuration sections are applied in a very particular order.
|
|
Since this can have important effects on how configuration directives
|
|
are interpreted, it is important to understand how this works.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The order of merging is:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (except regular expressions)
|
|
and <code>.htaccess</code> done simultaneously (with
|
|
<code>.htaccess</code>, if allowed, overriding
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>)</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>
|
|
(and <code><Directory ~></code>)</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code> done
|
|
simultaneously</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
|
|
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> done simultaneously</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>Apart from <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, each group is processed in
|
|
the order that they appear in the configuration files. <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (group 1 above)
|
|
is processed in the order shortest directory component to longest.
|
|
So for example, <code><Directory /var/web/dir></code> will
|
|
be processed before <code><Directory
|
|
/var/web/dir/subdir></code>. If multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections apply
|
|
to the same directory they are processed in the configuration file
|
|
order. Configurations included via the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive will be treated as if
|
|
they were inside the including file at the location of the
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Sections inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> sections
|
|
are applied <em>after</em> the corresponding sections outside
|
|
the virtual host definition. This allows virtual hosts to
|
|
override the main server configuration.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>When the request is served by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>, the
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>
|
|
container takes the place of the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> container in the processing
|
|
order.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Later sections override earlier ones, however each module is responsible
|
|
for interpreting what form this override takes. A later configuration section
|
|
with directives from a given module might cause a conceptual "merge" of some
|
|
directives, all directives, or a complete replacement of the modules
|
|
configuration with the module defaults and directives explicitly listed in
|
|
the later context.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="note"><h3>Technical Note</h3>
|
|
There is actually a
|
|
<code><Location></code>/<code><LocationMatch></code>
|
|
sequence performed just before the name translation phase
|
|
(where <code>Aliases</code> and <code>DocumentRoots</code>
|
|
are used to map URLs to filenames). The results of this
|
|
sequence are completely thrown away after the translation has
|
|
completed.
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="merge-examples" id="merge-examples">Some Examples</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Below is an artificial example to show the order of
|
|
merging. Assuming they all apply to the request, the directives in
|
|
this example will be applied in the order A > B > C > D >
|
|
E.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Location />
|
|
E
|
|
</Location>
|
|
|
|
<Files f.html>
|
|
D
|
|
</Files>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost *>
|
|
<Directory /a/b>
|
|
B
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<DirectoryMatch "^.*b$">
|
|
C
|
|
</DirectoryMatch>
|
|
|
|
<Directory /a/b>
|
|
A
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>For a more concrete example, consider the following. Regardless of
|
|
any access restrictions placed in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section will be
|
|
evaluated last and will allow unrestricted access to the server. In
|
|
other words, order of merging is important, so be careful!</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
|
|
<Location />
|
|
Require all granted
|
|
</Location>
|
|
|
|
# Woops! This <Directory> section will have no effect
|
|
<Directory />
|
|
<RequireAll>
|
|
Require all granted
|
|
Require not host badguy.example.com
|
|
</RequireAll>
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="bottomlang">
|
|
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> |
|
|
<a href="./fr/sections.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
|
|
<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
|
|
<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
|
|
<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
|
|
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
|
|
var comments_shortname = 'httpd';
|
|
var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/sections.html';
|
|
(function(w, d) {
|
|
if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {
|
|
d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
|
|
var s = d.createElement('script');
|
|
s.type = 'text/javascript';
|
|
s.async = true;
|
|
s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
|
|
(d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');
|
|
}
|
|
})(window, document);
|
|
//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer">
|
|
<p class="apache">Copyright 2012 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
|
|
<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
|
|
if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {
|
|
prettyPrint();
|
|
}
|
|
//--><!]]></script>
|
|
</body></html> |