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Submitted by: Joshua Slive <slive@finance.commerce.ubc.ca> Reviewed by: Ken Coar git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@85984 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
627 lines
23 KiB
HTML
627 lines
23 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Apache Server Frequently Asked Questions</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Apache Server Frequently Asked Questions</H1>
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<P>
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$Revision: 1.6 $ ($Date: 2000/08/04 11:44:17 $)
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</P>
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<P>
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The latest version of this FAQ is always available from the main
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Apache web site, at
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<<A
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HREF="http://www.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html"
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REL="Help"
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><SAMP>http://www.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html</SAMP></A>>.
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</P>
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<!-- Notes about changes: -->
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<!-- documentation, *do* include the ".html" portion. There's a -->
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<!-- good chance that the user will be reading the documentation -->
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<!-- on his own system, which may not be configured for -->
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<!-- with Lynx. Use <DL><DD><CODE>xxx<BR>xx</CODE></DD></DL> -->
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<!-- - Don't forget to include an HR tag after the last /P tag -->
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<!-- but before the /LI in an item. -->
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<P>
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If you are reading a text-only version of this FAQ, you may find numbers
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enclosed in brackets (such as "[12]"). These refer to the list of
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reference URLs to be found at the end of the document. These references
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do not appear, and are not needed, for the hypertext version.
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</P>
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<H2>The Questions</H2>
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<OL TYPE="A">
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<!--#endif -->
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<!--#if expr="$TOC || $STANDALONE" -->
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<LI VALUE="5"><STRONG>Configuration Questions</STRONG>
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<OL>
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<LI><A HREF="#fdlim">Why can't I run more than <<EM>n</EM>>
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virtual hosts?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#freebsd-setsize">Can I increase <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP>
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on FreeBSD?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#errordoc401">Why doesn't my <CODE>ErrorDocument
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401</CODE> work?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#cookies1">Why does Apache send a cookie on every response?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#cookies2">Why don't my cookies work, I even compiled in
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<SAMP>mod_cookies</SAMP>?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#jdk1-and-http1.1">Why do my Java app[let]s give me plain text
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when I request an URL from an Apache server?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#midi">How do I get Apache to send a MIDI file so the
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browser can play it?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#addlog">How do I add browsers and referrers to my logs?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#set-servername">Why does accessing directories only work
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when I include the trailing "/"
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(<EM>e.g.</EM>, <SAMP>http://foo.domain.com/~user/</SAMP>) but
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not when I omit it
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(<EM>e.g.</EM>, <SAMP>http://foo.domain.com/~user</SAMP>)?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#no-info-directives">Why doesn't mod_info list any
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directives?</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#namevhost">I upgraded to Apache 1.3 and now my
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virtual hosts don't work!</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#redhat-htm">I'm using RedHat Linux and my .htm files are
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showing up as HTML source rather than being formatted!</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#htaccess-work">My <CODE>.htaccess</CODE> files are being
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ignored.</A>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#forbidden">Why do I get a
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"<SAMP>Forbidden</SAMP>" message whenever I try to
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access a particular directory?</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#ie-ignores-mime">Why do my files appear correctly in
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Internet Explorer, but show up as source or trigger a save
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window with Netscape?</A>
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</OL>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<HR>
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<H2>The Answers</H2>
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<!--#endif -->
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<!--#if expr="! $TOC" -->
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<H3>E. Configuration Questions</H3>
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<OL>
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<LI><A NAME="fdlim">
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<STRONG>Why can't I run more than <<EM>n</EM>>
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virtual hosts?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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You are probably running into resource limitations in your
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operating system. The most common limitation is the
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<EM>per</EM>-process limit on <STRONG>file descriptors</STRONG>,
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which is almost always the cause of problems seen when adding
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virtual hosts. Apache often does not give an intuitive error
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message because it is normally some library routine (such as
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<CODE>gethostbyname()</CODE>) which needs file descriptors and
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doesn't complain intelligibly when it can't get them.
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</P>
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<P>
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Each log file requires a file descriptor, which means that if you are
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using separate access and error logs for each virtual host, each
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virtual host needs two file descriptors. Each
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen"><SAMP>Listen</SAMP></A>
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directive also needs a file descriptor.
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</P>
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<P>
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Typical values for <<EM>n</EM>> that we've seen are in
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the neighborhood of 128 or 250. When the server bumps into the file
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descriptor limit, it may dump core with a SIGSEGV, it might just
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hang, or it may limp along and you'll see (possibly meaningful) errors
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in the error log. One common problem that occurs when you run into
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a file descriptor limit is that CGI scripts stop being executed
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properly.
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</P>
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<P>
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As to what you can do about this:
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</P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Reduce the number of
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen"><SAMP>Listen</SAMP></A>
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directives. If there are no other servers running on the machine
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on the same port then you normally don't
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need any Listen directives at all. By default Apache listens to
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all addresses on port 80.
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</LI>
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<LI>Reduce the number of log files. You can use
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_log_config.html"><SAMP>mod_log_config</SAMP></A>
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to log all requests to a single log file while including the name
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of the virtual host in the log file. You can then write a
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script to split the logfile into separate files later if
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necessary. Such a script is provided with the Apache 1.3 distribution
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in the <SAMP>src/support/split-logfile</SAMP> file.
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</LI>
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<LI>Increase the number of file descriptors available to the server
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(see your system's documentation on the <CODE>limit</CODE> or
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<CODE>ulimit</CODE> commands). For some systems, information on
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how to do this is available in the
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<A HREF="perf.html">performance hints</A> page. There is a specific
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note for <A HREF="#freebsd-setsize">FreeBSD</A> below.
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<P>
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For Windows 95, try modifying your <SAMP>C:\CONFIG.SYS</SAMP> file to
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include a line like
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</P>
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<DL>
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<DD><CODE>FILES=300</CODE>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P>
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Remember that you'll need to reboot your Windows 95 system in order
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for the new value to take effect.
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</P>
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</LI>
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<LI>"Don't do that" - try to run with fewer virtual hosts
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</LI>
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<LI>Spread your operation across multiple server processes (using
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen"><SAMP>Listen</SAMP></A>
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for example, but see the first point) and/or ports.
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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Since this is an operating-system limitation, there's not much else
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available in the way of solutions.
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</P>
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<P>
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As of 1.2.1 we have made attempts to work around various limitations
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involving running with many descriptors.
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<A HREF="descriptors.html">More information is available.</A>
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="freebsd-setsize">
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<STRONG>Can I increase <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP> on FreeBSD?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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On versions of FreeBSD before 3.0, the <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP> define
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defaults to 256. This means that you will have trouble usefully using
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more than 256 file descriptors in Apache. This can be increased, but
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doing so can be tricky.
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</P>
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<P>
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If you are using a version prior to 2.2, you need to recompile your
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kernel with a larger <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP>. This can be done by adding a
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line such as:
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</P>
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<DL>
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<DD><CODE>options FD_SETSIZE <EM>nnn</EM></CODE>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P>
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to your kernel config file. Starting at version 2.2, this is no
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longer necessary.
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</P>
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<P>
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If you are using a version of 2.1-stable from after 1997/03/10 or
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2.2 or 3.0-current from before 1997/06/28, there is a limit in
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the resolver library that prevents it from using more file descriptors
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than what <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP> is set to when libc is compiled. To
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increase this, you have to recompile libc with a higher
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<SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP>.
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</P>
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<P>
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In FreeBSD 3.0, the default <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP> has been increased to
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1024 and the above limitation in the resolver library
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has been removed.
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</P>
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<P>
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After you deal with the appropriate changes above, you can increase
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the setting of <SAMP>FD_SETSIZE</SAMP> at Apache compilation time
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by adding "<SAMP>-DFD_SETSIZE=<EM>nnn</EM></SAMP>" to the
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<SAMP>EXTRA_CFLAGS</SAMP> line in your <SAMP>Configuration</SAMP>
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file.
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="errordoc401">
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<STRONG>Why doesn't my <CODE>ErrorDocument 401</CODE> work?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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You need to use it with a URL in the form
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"<SAMP>/foo/bar</SAMP>" and not one with a method and
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hostname such as "<SAMP>http://host/foo/bar</SAMP>". See the
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#errordocument"><SAMP>ErrorDocument</SAMP></A>
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documentation for details. This was incorrectly documented in the past.
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="cookies1">
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<STRONG>Why does Apache send a cookie on every response?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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Apache does <EM>not</EM> automatically send a cookie on every
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response, unless you have re-compiled it with the
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_usertrack.html"><SAMP>mod_usertrack</SAMP></A>
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module, and specifically enabled it with the
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_usertrack.html#cookietracking"
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><SAMP>CookieTracking</SAMP></A>
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directive.
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This module has been in Apache since version 1.2.
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This module may help track users, and uses cookies to do this. If
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you are not using the data generated by <SAMP>mod_usertrack</SAMP>, do
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not compile it into Apache.
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="cookies2">
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<STRONG>Why don't my cookies work, I even compiled in
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<SAMP>mod_cookies</SAMP>?
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</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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Firstly, you do <EM>not</EM> need to compile in
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<SAMP>mod_cookies</SAMP> in order for your scripts to work (see the
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<A HREF="#cookies1">previous question</A>
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for more about <SAMP>mod_cookies</SAMP>). Apache passes on your
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<SAMP>Set-Cookie</SAMP> header fine, with or without this module. If
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cookies do not work it will be because your script does not work
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properly or your browser does not use cookies or is not set-up to
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accept them.
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="jdk1-and-http1.1">
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<STRONG>Why do my Java app[let]s give me plain text when I request
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an URL from an Apache server?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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As of version 1.2, Apache is an HTTP/1.1 (HyperText Transfer Protocol
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version 1.1) server. This fact is reflected in the protocol version
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that's included in the response headers sent to a client when
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processing a request. Unfortunately, low-level Web access classes
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included in the Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.0.2 expect to see
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the version string "HTTP/1.0" and do not correctly interpret
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the "HTTP/1.1" value Apache is sending (this part of the
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response is a declaration of what the server can do rather than a
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declaration of the dialect of the response). The result
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is that the JDK methods do not correctly parse the headers, and
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include them with the document content by mistake.
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</P>
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<P>
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This is definitely a bug in the JDK 1.0.2 foundation classes from Sun,
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and it has been fixed in version 1.1. However, the classes in
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question are part of the virtual machine environment, which means
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they're part of the Web browser (if Java-enabled) or the Java
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environment on the client system - so even if you develop
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<EM>your</EM> classes with a recent JDK, the eventual users might
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encounter the problem.
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The classes involved are replaceable by vendors implementing the
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Java virtual machine environment, and so even those that are based
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upon the 1.0.2 version may not have this problem.
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</P>
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<P>
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In the meantime, a workaround is to tell
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Apache to "fake" an HTTP/1.0 response to requests that come
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from the JDK methods; this can be done by including a line such as the
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following in your server configuration files:
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</P>
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DD><CODE>BrowserMatch Java1.0 force-response-1.0
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<BR>
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BrowserMatch JDK/1.0 force-response-1.0</CODE>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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More information about this issue can be found in the
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<A HREF="http://www.apache.org/info/jdk-102.html"
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><CITE>Java and HTTP/1.1</CITE></A>
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page at the Apache web site.
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</P>
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<HR>
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</LI>
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<LI><A NAME="midi">
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<STRONG>How do I get Apache to send a MIDI file so the browser can
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play it?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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Even though the registered MIME type for MIDI files is
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<SAMP>audio/midi</SAMP>, some browsers are not set up to recognize it
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as such; instead, they look for <SAMP>audio/x-midi</SAMP>. There are
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two things you can do to address this:
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</P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Configure your browser to treat documents of type
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<SAMP>audio/midi</SAMP> correctly. This is the type that Apache
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sends by default. This may not be workable, however, if you have
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many client installations to change, or if some or many of the
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clients are not under your control.
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</LI>
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<LI>Instruct Apache to send a different <SAMP>Content-type</SAMP>
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header for these files by adding the following line to your server's
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configuration files:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DD><CODE>AddType audio/x-midi .mid .midi .kar</CODE>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Note that this may break browsers that <EM>do</EM> recognize the
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<SAMP>audio/midi</SAMP> MIME type unless they're prepared to also
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handle <SAMP>audio/x-midi</SAMP> the same way.
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</P>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<HR>
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</LI>
|
|
|
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<LI><A NAME="addlog">
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<STRONG>How do I add browsers and referrers to my logs?</STRONG>
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</A>
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<P>
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Apache provides a couple of different ways of doing this. The
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recommended method is to compile the
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_log_config.html"><SAMP>mod_log_config</SAMP></A>
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module into your configuration and use the
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog"><SAMP>CustomLog</SAMP></A>
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directive.
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</P>
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<P>
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You can either log the additional information in files other than your
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normal transfer log, or you can add them to the records already being
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written. For example:
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</P>
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<P>
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<CODE>
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CustomLog logs/access_log "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\""
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</CODE>
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</P>
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<P>
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This will add the values of the <SAMP>User-agent:</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>Referer:</SAMP> headers, which indicate the client and the
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referring page, respectively, to the end of each line in the access
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log.
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</P>
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<P>
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|
You may want to check out the <CITE>Apache Week</CITE> article
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|
entitled:
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|
"<A HREF="http://www.apacheweek.com/features/logfiles" REL="Help"
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><CITE>Gathering Visitor Information: Customizing Your
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Logfiles</CITE></A>".
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</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="set-servername">
|
|
<STRONG>Why does accessing directories only work when I include
|
|
the trailing "/"
|
|
(<EM>e.g.</EM>, <SAMP>http://foo.domain.com/~user/</SAMP>)
|
|
but not when I omit it
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|
(<EM>e.g.</EM>, <SAMP>http://foo.domain.com/~user</SAMP>)?</STRONG>
|
|
</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
When you access a directory without a trailing "/", Apache needs
|
|
to send what is called a redirect to the client to tell it to
|
|
add the trailing slash. If it did not do so, relative URLs would
|
|
not work properly. When it sends the redirect, it needs to know
|
|
the name of the server so that it can include it in the redirect.
|
|
There are two ways for Apache to find this out; either it can guess,
|
|
or you can tell it. If your DNS is configured correctly, it can
|
|
normally guess without any problems. If it is not, however, then
|
|
you need to tell it.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Add a <A HREF="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</A> directive
|
|
to the config file to tell it what the domain name of the server is.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="no-info-directives">
|
|
<STRONG>Why doesn't mod_info list any directives?</STRONG>
|
|
</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The <A HREF="../mod/mod_info.html"><SAMP>mod_info</SAMP></A>
|
|
module allows you to use a Web browser to see how your server is
|
|
configured. Among the information it displays is the list modules and
|
|
their configuration directives. The "current" values for
|
|
the directives are not necessarily those of the running server; they
|
|
are extracted from the configuration files themselves at the time of
|
|
the request. If the files have been changed since the server was last
|
|
reloaded, the display will will not match the values actively in use.
|
|
If the files and the path to the files are not readable by the user as
|
|
which the server is running (see the
|
|
<A HREF="../mod/core.html#user"><SAMP>User</SAMP></A>
|
|
directive), then <SAMP>mod_info</SAMP> cannot read them in order to
|
|
list their values. An entry <EM>will</EM> be made in the error log in
|
|
this event, however.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="namevhost">
|
|
<STRONG>I upgraded to Apache 1.3 and now my virtual hosts don't
|
|
work!</STRONG>
|
|
</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
In versions of Apache prior to 1.3b2, there was a lot of confusion
|
|
regarding address-based virtual hosts and (HTTP/1.1) name-based
|
|
virtual hosts, and the rules concerning how the server processed
|
|
<SAMP><VirtualHost></SAMP> definitions were very complex and not
|
|
well documented.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Apache 1.3b2 introduced a new directive,
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.apache.org/docs/mod/core.html#namevirtualhost"
|
|
><SAMP>NameVirtualHost</SAMP></A>,
|
|
which simplifies the rules quite a bit. However, changing the rules
|
|
like this means that your existing name-based
|
|
<SAMP><VirtualHost></SAMP> containers probably won't work
|
|
correctly immediately following the upgrade.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To correct this problem, add the following line to the beginning of
|
|
your server configuration file, before defining any virtual hosts:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DD><CODE>NameVirtualHost <EM>n.n.n.n</EM></CODE>
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Replace the "<SAMP>n.n.n.n</SAMP>" with the IP address to
|
|
which the name-based virtual host names resolve; if you have multiple
|
|
name-based hosts on multiple addresses, repeat the directive for each
|
|
address.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Make sure that your name-based <SAMP><VirtualHost></SAMP> blocks
|
|
contain <SAMP>ServerName</SAMP> and possibly <SAMP>ServerAlias</SAMP>
|
|
directives so Apache can be sure to tell them apart correctly.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Please see the <A HREF="../vhosts/">Apache
|
|
Virtual Host documentation</A> for further details about configuration.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="redhat-htm">
|
|
<STRONG>I'm using RedHat Linux and my .htm files are showing
|
|
up as HTML source rather than being formatted!</STRONG>
|
|
</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
RedHat messed up and forgot to put a content type for <CODE>.htm</CODE>
|
|
files into <CODE>/etc/mime.types</CODE>. Edit <CODE>/etc/mime.types</CODE>,
|
|
find the line containing <CODE>html</CODE> and add <CODE>htm</CODE> to it.
|
|
Then restart your httpd server:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DD><CODE>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/httpd.pid`</CODE>
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Then <STRONG>clear your browsers' caches</STRONG>. (Many browsers won't
|
|
re-examine the content type after they've reloaded a page.)
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="htaccess-work">
|
|
<STRONG>My <CODE>.htaccess</CODE> files are being ignored.</STRONG></A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This is almost always due to your <A HREF="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">
|
|
AllowOverride</A> directive being set incorrectly for the directory in
|
|
question. If it is set to <CODE>None</CODE> then .htaccess files will
|
|
not even be looked for. If you do have one that is set, then be certain
|
|
it covers the directory you are trying to use the .htaccess file in.
|
|
This is normally accomplished by ensuring it is inside the proper
|
|
<A HREF="../mod/core.html#directory">Directory</A> container.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><A NAME="forbidden">
|
|
<STRONG>Why do I get a "<SAMP>Forbidden</SAMP>" message
|
|
whenever I try to access a particular directory?</STRONG></A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This message is generally caused because either
|
|
</P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>The underlying file system permissions do not allow the
|
|
User/Group under which Apache is running to access the necessary
|
|
files; or
|
|
<LI>The Apache configuration has some access restrictions in
|
|
place which forbid access to the files.
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You can determine which case applies to your situation by checking the
|
|
error log.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
In the case where file system permission are at fault, remember
|
|
that not only must the directory and files in question be readable,
|
|
but also all parent directories must be at least searchable by the
|
|
web server in order for the content to be accessible.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><A NAME="ie-ignores-mime">
|
|
<STRONG>Why do my files appear correctly in Internet
|
|
Explorer, but show up as source or trigger a save window
|
|
with Netscape?</STRONG></A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Internet Explorer (IE) and Netscape handle mime type detection in different
|
|
ways, and therefore will display the document differently. In particular,
|
|
IE sometimes relies on the file extension to determine the mime type. This
|
|
can happen when the server specifies a mime type of
|
|
<CODE>application/octet-stream</CODE> or <CODE>text/plain</CODE>.
|
|
(Unfortunately, this behavior makes it impossible to properly send plain
|
|
text in some situations unless the file extension is <CODE>txt</CODE>.)
|
|
There are more details available on IE's mime type detection behavior in an
|
|
<A HREF="http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/networking/moniker/overview/appendix_a.asp">MSDN
|
|
article</A>.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
In order to make all browsers work correctly, you should assure
|
|
that Apache sends the correct mime type for the file. This is
|
|
accomplished by editing the <CODE>mime.types</CODE> file or using
|
|
an <A HREF="../mod/mod_mime.html#addtype"><CODE>AddType</CODE></A>
|
|
directive in the Apache configuration files.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
</OL>
|
|
<!--#endif -->
|
|
<!--#if expr="$STANDALONE" -->
|
|
<!-- Don't forget to add HR tags at the end of each list item.. -->
|
|
|
|
<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|
|
<!--#endif -->
|