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221 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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-->
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<title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript">
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</script>
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<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by
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Apache.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2>
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<p>There are four formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication
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passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt>
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<dd>Windows & Netware only.</dd>
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<dt>CRYPT</dt>
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<dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function
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with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8
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characters of the password.</dd>
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<dt>SHA1</dt>
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<dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password.</dd>
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<dt>MD5</dt>
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<dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an
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iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a
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random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file
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<a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a>
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for the details of the algorithm.</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3>
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<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
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$ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br />
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myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code>
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$ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br />
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myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE=
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
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$ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br />
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myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA
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</code></p></div>
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<h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL
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command-line program</h3>
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<p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p>
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<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
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$ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br />
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$apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
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openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br />
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qQ5vTYO3c8dsU
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</code></p></div>
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<h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command
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line program</h3>
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<p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to
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a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
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<code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p>
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<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
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$ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br />
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Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br />
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rqXexS6ZhobKA
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</code></p></div>
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<p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of
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<code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the
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first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p>
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<p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the
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following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars).
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To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
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<code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p>
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<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
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$ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br />
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$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
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</code></p></div>
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<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
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<p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD
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authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly
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available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords
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that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p>
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<p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various
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languages:</p>
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<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
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'{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE))
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
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"{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes()))
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
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"{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex"))
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
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require 'digest/sha1'<br />
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require 'base64'<br />
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'{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password))
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code>
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Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions
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installed)</h3><p><code>
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'{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64')
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</code></p></div>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2>
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<p>Apache recognizes one format for
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digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string
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<code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal
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digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in
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httpd.conf.</p>
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<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
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<p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can
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populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache
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digest authentication.</p>
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<p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various
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languages:</p>
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<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
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md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password)
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
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byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br />
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java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br />
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String s = bi.toString(16);<br />
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while (s.length() < 32)<br />
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<span class="indent">
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s = "0" + s;
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</span>
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// String s is the encrypted password
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
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LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5"))
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
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require 'digest/md5'<br />
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Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password)
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</code></p></div>
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<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code>
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encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex')
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</code></p></div>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2012 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
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