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507 lines
21 KiB
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<TITLE>Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</TITLE>
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</H1>
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<P>This document explains how to install, configure and run
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Apache 2.0 under Microsoft Windows. If you find any bugs, or wish
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to contribute in other ways, please use our
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<A HREF="http://www.apache.org/bugs/">bug reporting page.</A></P>
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<P>Most of this document assumes that you are installing Windows from a
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binary distribution. If you want to compile Apache yourself (possibly
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to help with development, or to track down bugs), see
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<A HREF="win_compiling.html">Compiling Apache for Microsoft Windows</A>.
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<P><STRONG>At this time, support for Windows 95, 98 and ME is incomplete.
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Apache 2.0 is not expected to work on those platforms at this time.</STRONG>
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If you are interested in helping with that effort, please see the
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developer's site for information on <a href="http://dev.apache.org/">how
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to get involved</a>. Support will likely be provided at some point in the
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future, and patches to allow Apache to work on 95, 98 and ME are welcome!</P>
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<HR>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#req">Requirements</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#down">Downloading Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#inst">Installing Apache for Windows (binary install)</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#run">Running Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#use">Using Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A>
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<LI><A HREF="win_service.html">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</A>
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<LI><A HREF="win_service.html#signal">Controlling Apache as a Service</A>
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<LI><A HREF="win_compiling.html">Compiling Apache for Microsoft Windows</A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="req">Requirements</A></H2>
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<P>Apache 2.0 is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. The
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binary installer will only work with the x86 family of processors, such
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as Intel's. Apache may also run on Windows 95, 98 and ME, but these are
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not tested, and are never recommended for production servers. In all
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cases TCP/IP networking must be installed.</P>
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<P>If running on Windows 95, the "Winsock2" upgrade MUST BE INSTALLED.
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"Winsock2" for Windows 95 is available
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<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/windows95/downloads/">here</A>.</P>
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<P>If running on NT 4.0, installing Service Pack 3 or 6 is recommended, as
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Service Pack 4 created known issues with TCP/IP and WinSock integrity that
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were resolved in later Service Packs.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="down">Downloading Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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<P>Information on the latest version of Apache can be found on the
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Apache web server at <A HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/">
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http://httpd.apache.org/</A>. This will list the current release,
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any more recent alpha or beta-test releases, together with details of
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mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.</P>
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<P>You should download the version of Apache for Windows with the
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<CODE>.msi</CODE> extension. This is a single Microsoft Installer file
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containing Apache, ready to install and run. There is a seperate
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<CODE>.zip</CODE> file containing _only_ the source code, to compile
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Apache yourself with the Microsoft Visual C++ (Visual Studio) tools.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="inst">Installing Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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<P>Run the Apache <SAMP>.msi</SAMP> file you downloaded above. This will
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ask for:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>the directory to install Apache into (the default is
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<CODE>\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache</CODE> although you can
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change this to any other directory)
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<LI>the start menu name (default is "Apache Web Server")
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<LI>the installation type. The "Typical" option installs
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everything except the source code. The "Minimum" option does not
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install the manuals or source code. Choose the "Custom" install if
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you want to install the source code.
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</UL>
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<P>During the installation, Apache will configure the files in the
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<SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory for your chosen installation
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directory. However if any of the files in this directory already exist
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they will <STRONG>not</STRONG> be overwritten. Instead the new copy of
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the corresponding file will be left with the extension
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<SAMP>.default</SAMP>. So, for example, if
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<SAMP>conf\httpd.conf</SAMP> already exists it will not be altered,
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but the version which would have been installed will be left in
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<SAMP>conf\httpd.conf.default</SAMP>. After the installation has
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finished you should manually check to see what in new in the
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<SAMP>.default</SAMP> file, and if necessary update your existing
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configuration files.</P>
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<P>Also, if you already have a file called <SAMP>htdocs\index.html</SAMP>
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then it will not be overwritten (no <SAMP>index.html.default</SAMP>
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file will be installed either). This should mean it a safe to install
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Apache over an existing installation (but you will have to stop the
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existing server running before doing the installation, then start the
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new one after the installation is finished).</P>
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<P>After installing Apache, you should edit the configuration files in
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the <SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory as required. These files will be
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configured during the install ready for Apache to be run from the
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directory where it was installed, with the documents served from the
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subdirectory <SAMP>htdocs</SAMP>. There are lots of other options
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which should be set before you start really using Apache. However to
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get started quickly the files should work as installed.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="run">Running Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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There are two ways you can run Apache:
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<UL>
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<LI>As a <A HREF="win_service.html#service">"service"</A> (available on
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Windows NT/2000, or a pseudo-service on Windows 95, 98 or ME).
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This is the best option if you want Apache to automatically start when you
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machine boots, and to keep Apache running when you log-off.
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<LI>From a <A HREF="#cmdline">console window</A>. This MUST be used by any
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administrator to test before to attempting to run as a service.
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</UL>
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<P>To run Apache from a console window, select the "Start Apache as
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console app" option from the Start menu (in Apache 1.3.4 and earlier,
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this option was called "Apache Server"). This will open a console
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window and start Apache running inside it. The window will remain
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active until you stop Apache. To stop Apache running, either select
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the "Shutdown Apache console app" icon option from the Start menu
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(this is not available in Apache 1.3.4 or earlier), or see <A
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HREF="#signal">Signalling Console Apache when Running</A> for how
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to control Apache from the command line.</P>
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<P>If the Apache console window closes immediately (or unexpectedly),
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run the "Command Prompt" from the Start Menu - Programs list. Change
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to the folder to which you installed Apache, type the command apache,
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and read the error message. Then change to the logs folder, and review
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the error.log file for configuration mistakes. If you accepted the
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defaults when you installed Apache, the commands would be:</P>
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<PRE>
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c:
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cd "\program files\apache group\apache"
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apache
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<SAMP>Wait for Apache to exit, or press Ctrl+C</SAMP>
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cd logs
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more <error.log
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Complete the steps above before you proceed to attempt to
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start Apache as a Window NT/2000 service!</STRONG></P>
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<P>To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a
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service. Multiple Apache services can be installed, each with a
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different name and configuration. To install the default Apache
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service named "Apache", run the "Install Apache as Service (NT only)"
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option from the Start menu. Once this is done you can start the "Apache"
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service by opening the Services window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache,
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then clicking on Start. Apache will now be running in the background. You
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can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an alternative to using
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the Services window, you can start and stop the "Apache" service from the control
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line with:</P>
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<PRE>
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NET START APACHE
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NET STOP APACHE
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</PRE>
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<P>See <A HREF="#signalsrv">Signalling Service Apache when Running</A>
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for more information on installing and controlling Apache services.</P>
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<P><STRONG>Apache, unlike many other Windows NT/2000 services, logs any
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errors to it's own error.log file in the logs folder within the
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Apache server root folder. You will <EM>not</EM> find Apache error
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details in the Windows NT Event Log.</STRONG></P>
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<P>After starting Apache running (either in a console window or as a
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service) if will be listening to port 80 (unless you changed the
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<SAMP>Port</SAMP>, <SAMP>Listen</SAMP> or <SAMP>BindAddress</SAMP>
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directives in the configuration files). To connect to the server and
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access the default page, launch a browser and enter this URL:</P>
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<PRE>
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http://localhost/
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</PRE>
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<P>This should respond with a welcome page, and a link to the Apache
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manual. If nothing happens or you get an error, look in the
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<SAMP>error_log</SAMP> file in the <SAMP>logs</SAMP> directory.
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If your host isn't connected to the net, you may have to use
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this URL:</P>
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<PRE>
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http://127.0.0.1/
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</PRE>
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<P>Once your basic installation is working, you should configure it
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properly by editing the files in the <SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory.
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Again, if you change the configuration of the Windows NT/2000
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service for Apache, first attempt to start it from the command
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line to assure that the service starts with no errors.</P>
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<P>Because Apache <em>CANNOT</em> share the same port with another
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TCPIP application, you may need to stop or uninstall certain
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services first. These include (but are not limited to) other
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web servers, and firewall products such as BlackIce. If you can
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only start Apache with these services disabled, reconfigure either
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Apache or the other product so that they do not listen on the
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same TCPIP ports.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="use">Configuring Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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<P>Apache is configured by files in the <SAMP>conf</SAMP>
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directory. These are the same as files used to configure the Unix
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version, but there are a few different directives for Apache on
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Windows. See the <A HREF="../">Apache documentation</A> for all the
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available directives.</P>
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<P>The main differences in Apache for Windows are:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><P>Because Apache for Windows is multithreaded, it does not use a
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separate process for each request, as Apache does with
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Unix. Instead there are usually only two Apache processes running:
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a parent process, and a child which handles the requests. Within
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the child each request is handled by a separate thread.
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<P>
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So the "process"-management directives are different:
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<P><A
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HREF="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</A>
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- Like the Unix directive, this controls how many requests a
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process will serve before exiting. However, unlike Unix, a
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process serves all the requests at once, not just one, so if
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this is set, it is recommended that a very high number is
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used. The recommended default, <CODE>MaxRequestsPerChild
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0</CODE>, does not cause the process to ever exit.
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<STRONG>
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Warning: The server configuration file is reread when the
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new child process is started. If you have modified httpd.conf,
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the new child may not start or you may receive unexpected results.
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</STRONG>
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<P><A HREF="../mod/mpm_common.html#threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</A> -
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This directive is new, and tells the server how many threads it
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should use. This is the maximum number of connections the server
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can handle at once; be sure and set this number high enough for
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your site if you get a lot of hits. The recommended default is
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<CODE>ThreadsPerChild 50</CODE>.</P>
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<LI><P>The directives that accept filenames as arguments now must use
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Windows filenames instead of Unix ones. However, because Apache
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uses Unix-style names internally, you must use forward slashes, not
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backslashes. Drive letters can be used; if omitted, the drive with
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the Apache executable will be assumed.</P>
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<LI><P>Apache for Windows contains the ability to load modules at runtime,
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without recompiling the server. If Apache is compiled normally, it
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will install a number of optional modules in the
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<CODE>\Apache\modules</CODE> directory. To activate these, or other
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modules, the new <A HREF="../mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</A>
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directive must be used. For example, to active the status module,
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use the following (in addition to the status-activating directives
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in <CODE>access.conf</CODE>):</P>
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<PRE>
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LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
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</PRE>
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<P>Information on <A HREF="../mod/mod_so.html#creating">creating loadable
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modules</A> is also available.</P>
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<LI><P>Apache can also load ISAPI Extensions (<EM>i.e.</EM>, Internet Server
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Applications), such as those used by Microsoft's IIS, and other
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Windows servers. <A HREF="../mod/mod_isapi.html">More information
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is available.</A> Note that Apache <em>CANNOT</em> load ISAPI
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Filters.
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</UL>
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<H2><A NAME="service">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</A></H2>
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<P><STRONG>Note: The -n option to specify a service name is only available
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with Apache 1.3.7 and later. Earlier versions of Apache only support
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the default service name 'Apache'.</STRONG></P>
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<P>You can install Apache as a Windows NT service as follows:</p>
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<PRE>
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apache -k install -n "service name"
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</PRE>
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<p>To install a service to use a particular configuration, specify the
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configuration file when the service is installed:</p>
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<PRE>
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apache -k install -n "service name" -f "\my server\conf\my.conf"
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</PRE>
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<p>To remove an Apache service, use</p>
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<PRE>
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apache -k uninstall -n "service name"
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</PRE>
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<p>The default "service name", if one is not specified, is "Apache".</P>
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<P>Once a service is installed, you can use the <SAMP>-n</SAMP> option, in
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conjunction with other options, to refer to a service's configuration
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file. For example:</P>
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<P>To test a service's configuration file:</P>
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<PRE>
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apache -n "service name" -t
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</PRE>
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<P>To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file:</P>
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<PRE>
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apache -n "service name"
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</PRE>
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<P><STRONG>Important Note on service dependencies:</STRONG></P>
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<P>Prior to Apache release 1.3.13, the dependencies required to
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successfully start an installed service were not configured.
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After installing a service using earlier versions of Apache,
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you must follow these steps:
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<PRE>
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Run regedt32
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Select <U>W</U>indow - "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE on Local Machine" from the menu
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Double-click to open the SYSTEM, then the CurrentControlSet keys
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Scroll down and click on the Apache servicename
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Select <U>E</U>dit - Add <U>V</U>alue... from the menu
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Fill in the Add Value dialog with
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<U>V</U>alue Name: DependOnGroup
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<U>D</U>ata Type: REG_MULTI_SZ
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and click OK
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Leave the Multi-String Editor dialog empty and click OK
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Select <U>E</U>dit - Add <U>V</U>alue... from the menu
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Fill in the Add Value dialog with
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<U>V</U>alue Name: DependOnService
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<U>D</U>ata Type: REG_MULTI_SZ
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and click OK
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Type the following list (one per line) in the Multi-String Editor dialog
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Tcpip
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Afd
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and click OK
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</PRE>
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<P>If you are using COM or DCOM components from a third party module, ISAPI,
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or other add-in scripting technologies such as ActiveState Perl, you may
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also need to add the entry Rpcss to the DependOnService list. To avoid
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exposing the TCP port 135 when it is unnecessary, Apache does not create
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that entry upon installation. Follow the directions above to find or
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create the DependOnService value, double click that value if it already
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exists, and add the Rpcss entry to the list.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A></H2>
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<P>The Start menu icons and the NT Service manager can provide a simple
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interface for administering Apache. But in some cases it is easier to
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work from the command line.</P>
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<P>When working with Apache it is important to know how it will find the
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configuration files. You can specify a configuration file on the command line
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in two ways:</p>
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<UL>
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<LI>-f specifies a path to a particular configuration file
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</UL>
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<PRE> apache -f "c:\my server\conf\my.conf"
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apache -f test\test.conf</PRE>
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<UL>
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<LI>-n specifies the configuration file of an installed Apache service (Apache 1.3.7 and later)
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</UL>
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<PRE> apache -n "service name"</PRE>
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<p>In these cases, the proper ServerRoot should be set in the configuration file.</P>
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<P>If you don't specify a configuration file name with -f or -n, Apache will
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use the file name compiled into the server, usually "conf/httpd.conf". Invoking
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Apache with the -V switch will display this value labeled as SERVER_CONFIG_FILE.
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Apache will then determine its ServerRoot by trying the following, in this order:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>A ServerRoot directive via a -C switch.
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<LI>The -d switch on the command line.
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<LI>Current working directory
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<LI>A registry entry, created if you did a binary install.
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<LI>The server root compiled into the server.
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</UL>
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<P>The server root compiled into the server is usually "/apache".
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invoking apache with the -V switch will display this value
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labeled as HTTPD_ROOT.</P>
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<P>When invoked from the start menu, Apache is usually passed no arguments,
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so using the registry entry is the preferred technique for console Apache.</P>
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<P>During a binary installation, a version-specific registry key is created
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in the Windows registry:
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<PRE>
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\1.3.7
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\2.0a3
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</PRE>
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<P>This key is compiled into the server and can enable you to test
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new versions without affecting the current version. Of course
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you must take care not to install the new version on top of the
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old version in the file system.</P>
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<P>If you did not do a binary install then Apache will in some
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scenarios complain that about the missing registry key. This
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warning can be ignored if it otherwise was able to find its
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configuration files.</P>
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<P>The value of this key is the "ServerRoot" directory, containing the
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<SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory. When Apache starts it will read the
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<SAMP>httpd.conf</SAMP> file from this directory. If this file
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contains a <SAMP>ServerRoot</SAMP> directive which is different from
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the directory obtained from the registry key above, Apache will forget
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the registry key and use the directory from the configuration file.
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If you copy the Apache directory or configuration files to a new
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location it is vital that you update the <SAMP>ServerRoot</SAMP>
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directory in the <SAMP>httpd.conf</SAMP> file to the new location.
|
|
|
|
<P>To run Apache from the command line as a console application, use the
|
|
following command:</p>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
apache
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
<p>Apache will execute, and will remain running until it is stopped by pressing
|
|
control-C.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="signalsrv">Signalling Service Apache when running</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>On Windows NT, multiple instances of Apache can be run as services.
|
|
Signal an Apache service to start, restart, or shutdown as follows:</P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
apache -n "service name" -k start
|
|
apache -n "service name" -k restart
|
|
apache -n "service name" -k shutdown
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
<P>In addition, you can use the native NT NET command to
|
|
start and stop Apache services as follows:</P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
NET START "service name"
|
|
NET STOP "service name"
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="signal">Signalling Console Apache when running</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>On Windows 95, Apache runs as a console application. You can tell a
|
|
running Apache to stop by opening another console window and typing:</P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
apache -k shutdown
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
<P>This should be used instead of pressing Control-C in the running
|
|
Apache console window, because it lets Apache end any current
|
|
transactions and cleanup gracefully.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also tell Apache to restart. This makes it re-read the
|
|
configuration files. Any transactions in progress are allowed to
|
|
complete without interruption. To restart Apache, run</P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
apache -k restart
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note for people familiar with the Unix version of Apache: these
|
|
commands provide a Windows equivalent to <CODE>kill -TERM
|
|
<EM>pid</EM></CODE> and <CODE>kill -USR1 <EM>pid</EM></CODE>. The command
|
|
line option used, <CODE>-k</CODE>, was chosen as a reminder of the
|
|
"kill" command used on Unix.</P>
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|
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