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versions of mod_rewrite git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@832217 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
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300 lines
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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<title>Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
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<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Redirecting and Remapping with mod_rewrite</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/remapping.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
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<a href="../mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
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how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to redirect and remap
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request. This includes many examples of common uses of mod_rewrite,
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including detailed descriptions of how each works.</p>
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<div class="warning">Note that many of these examples won't work unchanged in your
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particular server configuration, so it's important that you understand
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them, rather than merely cutting and pasting the examples into your
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configuration.</div>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new">From Old to New (internal)</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#old-to-new-extern">Rewriting From Old to New (external)</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#static-to-dynamic">From Static to Dynamic</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for file extension change</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multipledirs">Search for pages in more than one directory</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="old-to-new" id="old-to-new">From Old to New (internal)</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Assume we have recently renamed the page
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<code>foo.html</code> to <code>bar.html</code> and now want
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to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. However,
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we want that users of the old URL even not recognize that
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the pages was renamed - that is, we don't want the address to
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change in their browser.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>We rewrite the old URL to the new one internally via the
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following rule:</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteEngine on
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RewriteRule ^<strong>/old</strong>\.html$ <strong>/new</strong>.html [PT]
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="old-to-new-extern" id="old-to-new-extern">Rewriting From Old to New (external)</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Assume again that we have recently renamed the page
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<code>foo.html</code> to <code>bar.html</code> and now want
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to provide the old URL for backward compatibility. But this
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time we want that the users of the old URL get hinted to
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the new one, i.e. their browsers Location field should
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change, too.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>We force a HTTP redirect to the new URL which leads to a
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change of the browsers and thus the users view:</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteEngine on
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RewriteRule ^<strong>/foo</strong>\.html$ <strong>bar</strong>.html [<strong>R</strong>]
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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<dt>Discussion</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>In this example, as contrasted to the <a href="#old-to-new-intern">internal</a> example above, we can simply
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use the Redirect directive. mod_rewrite was used in that earlier
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example in order to hide the redirect from the client:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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Redirect /foo.html /bar.html
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</code></p></div>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="static-to-dynamic" id="static-to-dynamic">From Static to Dynamic</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>How can we transform a static page
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<code>foo.html</code> into a dynamic variant
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<code>foo.cgi</code> in a seamless way, i.e. without notice
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by the browser/user.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>We just rewrite the URL to the CGI-script and force the
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handler to be <strong>cgi-script</strong> so that it is
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executed as a CGI program.
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This way a request to <code>/~quux/foo.html</code>
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internally leads to the invocation of
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<code>/~quux/foo.cgi</code>.</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteEngine on
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RewriteBase /~quux/
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RewriteRule ^foo\.<strong>html</strong>$ foo.<strong>cgi</strong> [H=<strong>cgi-script</strong>]
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="backward-compatibility" id="backward-compatibility">Backward Compatibility for file extension change</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>How can we make URLs backward compatible (still
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existing virtually) after migrating <code>document.YYYY</code>
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to <code>document.XXXX</code>, e.g. after translating a
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bunch of <code>.html</code> files to <code>.php</code>?</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>We rewrite the name to its basename and test for
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existence of the new extension. If it exists, we take
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that name, else we rewrite the URL to its original state.</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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# backward compatibility ruleset for
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# rewriting document.html to document.php
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# when and only when document.php exists
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RewriteEngine on
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RewriteCond $1.php -f
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RewriteCond $1.html !-f
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RewriteRule ^(.*).html$ $1.php
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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<dt>Discussion</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>This example uses an often-overlooked feature of mod_rewrite,
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by taking advantage of the order of execution of the ruleset. In
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particular, mod_rewrite evaluates the left-hand-side of the
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RewriteRule before it evaluates the RewriteCond directives.
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Consequently, $1 is already defined by the time the RewriteRule
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directives are evaluated. This allows us to test for the existence
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of the the original (<code>document.html</code>) and target
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(<code>document.php</code>) files using the same base filename.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="canonicalhost" id="canonicalhost">Canonical Hostnames</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>The goal of this rule is to force the use of a particular
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hostname, in preference to other hostnames which may be used to
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reach the same site. For example, if you wish to force the use
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of <strong>www.example.com</strong> instead of
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<strong>example.com</strong>, you might use a variant of the
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following recipe.</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>For sites running on a port other than 80:</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
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RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^80$
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RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1 [L,R,NE]
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</pre></div>
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<p>And for a site running on port 80</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
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RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R,NE]
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</pre></div>
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<p>
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If you wanted to do this generically for all domain names - that
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is, if you want to redirect <strong>example.com</strong> to
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<strong>www.example.com</strong> for all possible values of
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<strong>example.com</strong>, you could use the following
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recipe:</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
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RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [L,R,NE]
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</pre></div>
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<p>These rulesets will work either in your main server configuration
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file, or in a <code>.htaccess</code> file placed in the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> of the server.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="multipledirs" id="multipledirs">Search for pages in more than one directory</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>A particular resource might exist in one of several places, and
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we want to look in those places for the resource when it is
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requested. Perhaps we've recently rearranged our directory
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structure, dividing content into several locations.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The following ruleset searches in two directories to find the
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resource, and, if not finding it in either place, will attempt to
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just serve it out of the location requested.</p>
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<div class="example"><pre>
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RewriteEngine on
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# first try to find it in dir1/...
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# ...and if found stop and be happy:
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RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir1</strong>/%{REQUEST_URI} -f
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RewriteRule ^(.+) %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir1</strong>/$1 [L]
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# second try to find it in dir2/...
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# ...and if found stop and be happy:
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RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir2</strong>/%{REQUEST_URI} -f
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RewriteRule ^(.+) %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/<strong>dir2</strong>/$1 [L]
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# else go on for other Alias or ScriptAlias directives,
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# etc.
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RewriteRule ^(.+) - [PT]
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/remapping.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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</body></html> |