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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<title>htdbm - Manipulate DBM password databases - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>htdbm - Manipulate DBM password databases</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/htdbm.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div>
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<p><code>htdbm</code> is used to manipulate the DBM format files used to
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store usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users via
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<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_dbm.html">mod_auth_dbm</a></code>. See the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code>
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documentation for more information about these DBM files.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bugs">Bugs</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#exit">Exit Status</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_dbm.html">mod_auth_dbm</a></code></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>x</strong> ]
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<var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>b</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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<var>filename</var> <var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>n</strong>
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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<var>username</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>nb</strong>
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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<var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>v</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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<var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>vb</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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[ -<strong>c</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>t</strong> ]
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[ -<strong>v</strong> ]
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<var>filename</var> <var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>x</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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[ -<strong>m</strong> |
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-<strong>d</strong> |
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-<strong>p</strong> |
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-<strong>s</strong> ]
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<var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p>
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<p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>l</strong>
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[ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ]
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</code></p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>-b</code></dt>
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<dd>Use batch mode; <em>i.e.</em>, get the password from the command line
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rather than prompting for it. This option should be used with extreme care,
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since <strong>the password is clearly visible</strong> on the command
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line.</dd>
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<dt><code>-c</code></dt>
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<dd>Create the <var>passwdfile</var>. If <var>passwdfile</var> already
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exists, it is rewritten and truncated. This option cannot be combined with
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the <code>-n</code> option.</dd>
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<dt><code>-n</code></dt>
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<dd>Display the results on standard output rather than updating a
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database. This option changes the syntax of the command line, since the
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<var>passwdfile</var> argument (usually the first one) is omitted. It
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cannot be combined with the <code>-c</code> option.</dd>
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<dt><code>-m</code></dt>
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<dd>Use MD5 encryption for passwords. On Windows, Netware and TPF, this is
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the default.</dd>
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<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
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<dd>Use <code>crypt()</code> encryption for passwords. The default on all
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platforms but Windows, Netware and TPF. Though possibly supported by
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<code>htdbm</code> on all platforms, it is not supported by the
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<code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> server on Windows, Netware and TPF.</dd>
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<dt><code>-s</code></dt>
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<dd>Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration from/to Netscape
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servers using the LDAP Directory Interchange Format (ldif).</dd>
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<dt><code>-p</code></dt>
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<dd>Use plaintext passwords. Though <code>htdbm</code> will support
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creation on all platforms, the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon will
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only accept plain text passwords on Windows, Netware and TPF.</dd>
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<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
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<dd>Print each of the usernames and comments from the database on
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stdout.</dd>
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<dt><code>-t</code></dt>
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<dd>Interpret the final parameter as a comment. When this option is
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specified, an additional string can be appended to the command line; this
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string will be stored in the "Comment" field of the database, associated
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with the specified username.</dd>
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<dt><code>-v</code></dt>
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<dd>Verify the username and password. The program will print a message
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indicating whether the supplied password is valid. If the password is
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invalid, the program exits with error code 3.</dd>
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<dt><code>-x</code></dt>
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<dd>Delete user. If the username exists in the specified DBM file, it
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will be deleted.</dd>
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<dt><code><var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd>The filename of the DBM format file. Usually without the extension
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<code>.db</code>, <code>.pag</code>, or <code>.dir</code>. If
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<code>-c</code> is given, the DBM file is created if it does not already
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exist, or updated if it does exist.</dd>
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<dt><code><var>username</var></code></dt>
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<dd>The username to create or update in <var>passwdfile</var>. If
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<var>username</var> does not exist in this file, an entry is added. If it
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does exist, the password is changed.</dd>
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<dt><code><var>password</var></code></dt>
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<dd>The plaintext password to be encrypted and stored in the DBM file.
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Used only with the <code>-b</code> flag.</dd>
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<dt><code>-T<var>DBTYPE</var></code></dt>
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<dd>Type of DBM file (SDBM, GDBM, DB, or "default").</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="bugs" id="bugs">Bugs</a></h2>
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<p>One should be aware that there are a number of different DBM file
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formats in existence, and with all likelihood, libraries for more than
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one format may exist on your system. The three primary examples are
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SDBM, NDBM, GNU GDBM, and Berkeley/Sleepycat DB 2/3/4. Unfortunately,
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all these libraries use different file formats, and you must make sure
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that the file format used by <var>filename</var> is the same format that
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<code>htdbm</code> expects to see. <code>htdbm</code> currently has
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no way of determining what type of DBM file it is looking at. If used
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against the wrong format, will simply return nothing, or may create a
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different DBM file with a different name, or at worst, it may corrupt
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the DBM file if you were attempting to write to it.</p>
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<p>One can usually use the <code>file</code> program supplied with most
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Unix systems to see what format a DBM file is in.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="exit" id="exit">Exit Status</a></h2>
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<p><code>htdbm</code> returns a zero status ("true") if the username and
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password have been successfully added or updated in the DBM File.
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<code>htdbm</code> returns <code>1</code> if it encounters some problem
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accessing files, <code>2</code> if there was a syntax problem with the
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command line, <code>3</code> if the password was entered interactively and
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the verification entry didn't match, <code>4</code> if its operation was
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interrupted, <code>5</code> if a value is too long (username, filename,
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password, or final computed record), <code>6</code> if the username
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contains illegal characters (see the <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions
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section</a>), and <code>7</code> if the file is not a valid DBM password
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file.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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htdbm /usr/local/etc/apache/.htdbm-users jsmith
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</code></p></div>
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<p>Adds or modifies the password for user <code>jsmith</code>. The user
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is prompted for the password. If executed on a Windows system, the password
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will be encrypted using the modified Apache MD5 algorithm; otherwise, the
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system's <code>crypt()</code> routine will be used. If the file does not
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exist, <code>htdbm</code> will do nothing except return an error.</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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htdbm -c /home/doe/public_html/.htdbm jane
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</code></p></div>
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<p>Creates a new file and stores a record in it for user <code>jane</code>.
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The user is prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be
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read, or cannot be written, it is not altered and <code>htdbm</code>
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will display a message and return an error status.</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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htdbm -mb /usr/web/.htdbm-all jones Pwd4Steve
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</code></p></div>
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<p>Encrypts the password from the command line (<code>Pwd4Steve</code>)
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using the MD5 algorithm, and stores it in the specified file.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2>
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<p>Web password files such as those managed by <code>htdbm</code> should
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<em>not</em> be within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should
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not be fetchable with a browser.</p>
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<p>The use of the <code>-b</code> option is discouraged, since when it is
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used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="restrictions" id="restrictions">Restrictions</a></h2>
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<p>On the Windows and MPE platforms, passwords encrypted with
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<code>htdbm</code> are limited to no more than <code>255</code>
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characters in length. Longer passwords will be truncated to 255
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characters.</p>
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<p>The MD5 algorithm used by <code>htdbm</code> is specific to the Apache
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software; passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web
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servers.</p>
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<p>Usernames are limited to <code>255</code> bytes and may not include the
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character <code>:</code>.</p>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/htdbm.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2007 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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