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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
</div>
<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module<EFBFBD>Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source<EFBFBD>File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This modules provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files.
These macros may have parameters. They are expanded when used (parameters are
substituted by their values given as an argument), and the result is
processed normally.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro">&lt;Macro&gt;</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#features">Features</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="features" id="features">Features</a></h2>
<p>Definition of a macro:</p>
<ul>
<li> macro definition within a <code class="directive">&lt;Macro&gt;</code> section, following
the httpd configuration style.</li>
<li> user defined names for the macro and its parameters.</li>
<li> macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd directives.</li>
<li> macro parameter names are case sensitive.</li>
<li> macro parameters must have distinct names.</li>
<li> error on empty parameter names.</li>
<li> redefining a macro generates a warning.</li>
<li> macro definitions can be nested... (but what for?)</li>
<li> warn about unused macro parameters.</li>
<li> warn about macro parameter names which prefix one another.</li>
<li> warn if a parameter is not prefixed by any of '<code>$%@</code>'
(good practice).</li>
<li> the available prefixes help deal with interactions with other
directives such as <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code>.</li>
<li> tip: it may be useful to define a macro parameter with surrounding
braces, say <code>${foo}</code> so that the name can appear with
surrounding characters such as <code>bla${foo}bla</code>.</li>
<li> warn about empty macro contents.</li>
<li> warns if sections are not properly nested within a macro.
(if it is detected so).</li>
<li> the lexical scope of macro parameters is restricted to the macro text,
it is not forwarded to includes for instance.</li>
<li> arbitrary contents in macros.
<p>It means you can put perl sections or whatever you like in a macro.
No assumption is made about the lexical structure (quotes, spaces or
whatever) within the macro contents but to expect a set of
backslash-continued independent lines.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Use of a macro:</p>
<ul>
<li> number of arguments must match the definition.</li>
<li> all occurences of macro parameters are substituted by their values.</li>
<li> in case of conflicts, the longest parameter name is chosen.</li>
<li> macro expansion recursion is detected and stopped (error).</li>
<li> warn about empty arguments when used.</li>
<li> on errors, try to describe precisely where the error occured.</li>
<li> <code>$</code> and <code>%</code>-prefixed parameters are not
escaped.</li>
<li> <code>@</code>-prefixed parameters are escaped in quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Removal of a macro definition:</p>
<ul>
<li> the macro must be already defined.</li>
</ul>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
&lt;Macro DirGroup $dir $group&gt;
&lt;Directory $dir&gt;
require group $group
&lt;/Directory&gt;
&lt;/Macro&gt;
Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
UndefMacro DirGroup
</pre>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
<p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
&lt;Macro VHost $host $port $dir&gt;
Listen $port
&lt;VirtualHost *:$port&gt;
ServerName $host
DocumentRoot $dir
&lt;Directory $dir&gt;
# do something here...
&lt;/Directory&gt;
# limit access to intranet subdir.
&lt;Directory $dir/intranet&gt;
Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
&lt;/Directory&gt;
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
&lt;/Macro&gt;
## Use of VHost with different arguments.
Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro">&lt;Macro&gt;</a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
&lt;Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]&gt;
... &lt;/Macro&gt;</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">Macro</code> directive controls the definition of
a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
The first argument is the name of the macro.
Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
with such characters.
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
&lt;Macro LocalAccessPolicy&gt;
Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
&lt;/Macro&gt;
&lt;Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers&gt;
Require ip $ipnumbers
&lt;/Macro&gt;
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
which has been defined before hand.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
arguments than in the macro definition. The provided values are
associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
before processing.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
Use LocalAccessPolicy
...
Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"
</pre>
<p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
...
Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24
</pre>
</div>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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