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628 lines
18 KiB
HTML
628 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD>
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<TITLE>VirtualHost Examples</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<BODY
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#000080"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Virtual Host examples for common setups</H1>
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<H2>Base configuration</H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#purename">Simple name-based vhosting</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#name">More complicated name-based vhosts</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#ip">IP-based vhosts</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#mixed">Mixed name-/IP-based vhosts</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#port">Port-based vhosts</A>
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</UL>
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<H2>Additional features</H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#default">Using <CODE>_default_</CODE> vhosts</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#migrate">Migrating a named-based vhost to an IP-based vhost</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#serverpath">Using the <CODE>ServerPath</CODE> directive</A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="purename">Simple name-based vhosting</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
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The server machine has a primary name <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP>.
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There are two aliases (CNAMEs) <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>www.sub.domain.tld</SAMP> for the address <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP>.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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NameVirtualHost *
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<VirtualHost *>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost *>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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The asterisks match all addresses, so the main server serves no
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requests. Due to the fact that <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> is first
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in the configuration file, it has the highest priority and can be
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seen as the <CITE>default</CITE> or <CITE>primary</CITE> server.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="name">More complicated name-based vhosts</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 1:</STRONG>
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The server machine has one IP address (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>)
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which resolves to the name <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP>.
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There are two aliases (CNAMEs) <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>www.sub.domain.tld</SAMP> for the address <SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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Apart from <SAMP>localhost</SAMP> there are no unspecified
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addresses/ports, therefore the main server only serves
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<SAMP>localhost</SAMP> requests. Due to the fact
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that <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> has the highest priority
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it can be seen as the <CITE>default</CITE> or
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<CITE>primary</CITE> server.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 2:</STRONG>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>
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and <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>)
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which resolve to the names <SAMP>server1.domain.tld</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>server2.domain.tld</SAMP> respectively.
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The alias <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> should be used for the
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main server which should also catch any unspecified addresses.
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We want to use a virtual host for the alias
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<SAMP>www.otherdomain.tld</SAMP> and another virtual host,
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with server name <SAMP>www.sub.domain.tld</SAMP>, should
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catch any request to hostnames of the form
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<SAMP>*.sub.domain.tld</SAMP>.
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The address <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP> should be
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used for the virtual hosts.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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Any request to an address other than <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>
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will be served from the main server. A request to
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<SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP> with an unknown or no <CODE>Host:</CODE>
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header will be served from <SAMP>www.otherdomain.tld</SAMP>.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 3:</STRONG>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<SAMP>192.168.1.1</SAMP>
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and <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>). The machine is sitting between
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an internal (intranet) network and an external (internet) network.
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Outside of the network, the name <SAMP>server1.domain.tld</SAMP>
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resolves to the external address (<SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>), but
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inside the network, that same name resolves to the internal
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address (<SAMP>192.168.1.1</SAMP>).<P>
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The server can be made to respond to internal and external
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requests with the same content, with just one <CODE>VirtualHost</CODE>
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section.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.1
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
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<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/server1
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ServerName server1.domain.tld
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ServerAlias server1
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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Now requests from both networks will be served from the same
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<CODE>VirtualHost</CODE>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 4:</STRONG>
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You have multiple domains going to the same IP and also want
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to serve multiple ports. By defining the
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ports in the "NameVirtualHost" tag, you can allow this to
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work. If you try using <VirtualHost name:port> without the
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NameVirtualHost name:port or you try to use the Listen
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directive, your configuration will not work.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain-80
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080>
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain-8080
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain-80
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080>
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain-8080
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="ip">IP-based vhosts</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 1:</STRONG>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>
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and <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>)
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which resolve to the names <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>www.otherdomain.tld</SAMP> respectively.
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The hostname <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> is an alias (CNAME)
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for <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP> and will represent the
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main server.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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<SAMP>www.otherdomain.tld</SAMP> can only be reached through the
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address <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>, while <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP>
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can only be reached through <SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>
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(which represents our main server).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 2:</STRONG>
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Same as setup 1, but we don't want to have a dedicated main server.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
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of our machine are in use for IP-based virtual hosts
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(only <SAMP>localhost</SAMP> requests can hit the main server).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 3:</STRONG>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>
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and <SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP>)
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which resolve to the names <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>www-cache.domain.tld</SAMP> respectively.
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The hostname <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> is an alias (CNAME)
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for <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP> and will represent the
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main server.
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<SAMP>www-cache.domain.tld</SAMP> will become our proxy-cache
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listening on port 8080, while the web server itself uses the default
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port 80.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 111.22.33.44:80
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Listen 111.22.33.55:8080
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55:8080>
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ServerName www-cache.domain.tld
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...
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<Directory proxy:>
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Order Deny,Allow
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Deny from all
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Allow from 111.22.33
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</Directory>
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
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(apart from <SAMP>localhost</SAMP>) of our machine are in use for IP-based
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virtual hosts. The web server can only be reached on the first address
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through port 80 and the proxy only on the second address through port 8080.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="mixed">Mixed name-/IP-based vhosts</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
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The server machine has three IP addresses (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>,
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<SAMP>111.22.33.55</SAMP> and <SAMP>111.22.33.66</SAMP>)
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which resolve to the names <SAMP>server.domain.tld</SAMP>,
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<SAMP>www.otherdomain1.tld</SAMP> and <SAMP>www.otherdomain2.tld</SAMP>
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respectively.
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The address <SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP> should we used for a couple
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of name-based vhosts and the other addresses for IP-based vhosts.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain1
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ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain2
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ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain1
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ServerName www.otherdomain1.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.66>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain2
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ServerName www.otherdomain2.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="port">Port-based vhosts</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
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The server machine has one IP address (<SAMP>111.22.33.44</SAMP>)
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which resolves to the name <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP>.
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If we don't have the option to get another address or alias
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for our server we can use port-based vhosts if we need
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a virtual host with a different configuration.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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Listen 80
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Listen 8080
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain2
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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A request to <SAMP>www.domain.tld</SAMP> on port 80 is served
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from the main server and a request to port 8080 is served from
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the virtual host.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H3><A NAME="default">Using <CODE>_default_</CODE> vhosts</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 1:</STRONG>
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Catching <EM>every</EM> request to any unspecified IP address and port,
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<EM>i.e.</EM>, an address/port combination that is not used for any other
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virtual host.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:*>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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Using such a default vhost with a wildcard port effectively
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prevents any request going to the main server.<BR>
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A default vhost never serves a request that was sent to an
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address/port that is used for name-based vhosts. If the request
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contained an unknown or no <CODE>Host:</CODE> header it is
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always served from the primary name-based vhost (the
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vhost for that address/port appearing first in the configuration
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file).<BR>
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You can use
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch"><CODE>AliasMatch</CODE></A>
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or
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteRule"><CODE>RewriteRule</CODE></A>
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to rewrite any request to a single information page (or script).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 2:</STRONG>
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Same as setup 1, but the server listens on several ports and
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we want to use a second <CODE>_default_</CODE> vhost for port 80.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/default80
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost _default_:*>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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The default vhost for port 80 (which <EM>must</EM> appear before
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any default vhost with a wildcard port) catches all requests that
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were sent to an unspecified IP address. The main server is
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never used to serve a request.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<LI><STRONG>Setup 3:</STRONG>
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We want to have a default vhost for port 80, but no other default vhosts.
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<P>
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<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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A request to an unspecified address on port 80 is served from the
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default vhost any other request to an unspecified address and port
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is served from the main server.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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|
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<H3><A NAME="migrate">Migrating a name-based vhost to an IP-based vhost</A></H3>
|
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|
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<UL>
|
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|
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<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
|
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The name-based vhost with the hostname
|
|
<SAMP>www.otherdomain.tld</SAMP> (from our <A HREF="#name">name-based</A>
|
|
example, setup 2) should get its own IP address.
|
|
To avoid problems with name servers or proxies who cached the old
|
|
IP address for the name-based vhost we want to provide both variants
|
|
during a migration phase.<BR>
|
|
The solution is easy, because we can simply add the new IP address
|
|
(<SAMP>111.22.33.66</SAMP>) to the <CODE>VirtualHost</CODE> directive.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
|
|
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
|
|
...
|
|
Listen 80
|
|
ServerName www.domain.tld
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/domain
|
|
|
|
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55 111.22.33.66>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
|
|
ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
|
|
ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
|
|
ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
The vhost can now be accessed through the new address (as an IP-based
|
|
vhost) and through the old address (as a name-based vhost).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H3><A NAME="serverpath">Using the <CODE>ServerPath</CODE> directive</A></H3>
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
|
|
We have a server with two name-based vhosts. In order to match the correct
|
|
virtual host a client must send the correct <CODE>Host:</CODE> header.
|
|
Old HTTP/1.0 clients do not send such a header and Apache has no clue
|
|
what vhost the client tried to reach (and serves the request from
|
|
the primary vhost). To provide as much backward compatibility
|
|
as possible we create a primary vhost which returns a single page
|
|
containing links with an URL prefix to the name-based virtual hosts.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<STRONG>Server configuration:</STRONG>
|
|
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><PRE>
|
|
...
|
|
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
|
|
# primary vhost
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^/.* /www/subdomain/index.html
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub1
|
|
ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
|
|
ServerPath /sub1/
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^(/sub1/.*) /www/subdomain$1
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub2
|
|
ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
|
|
ServerPath /sub2/
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^(/sub2/.*) /www/subdomain$1
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
Due to the <A HREF="../mod/core.html#serverpath"><CODE>ServerPath</CODE></A>
|
|
directive a request to the
|
|
URL <SAMP>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/sub1/</SAMP> is <EM>always</EM>
|
|
served from the sub1-vhost. <BR>
|
|
A request to the URL <SAMP>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/</SAMP>
|
|
is only served from the sub1-vhost if the client sent a correct
|
|
<CODE>Host:</CODE> header.
|
|
If no <CODE>Host:</CODE> header is sent the client gets the
|
|
information page from the primary host.<BR>
|
|
Please note that there is one oddity: A request to
|
|
<SAMP>http://www.sub2.domain.tld/sub1/</SAMP> is also served from
|
|
the sub1-vhost if the client sent no <CODE>Host:</CODE> header. <BR>
|
|
The <CODE>RewriteRule</CODE> directives are used to make sure that
|
|
a client which sent a correct <CODE>Host:</CODE> header can use
|
|
both URL variants, <EM>i.e.</EM>, with or without URL prefix.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><STRONG>Setup:</STRONG>
|
|
<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|