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2695 lines
108 KiB
HTML
2695 lines
108 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Apache Core Features</title>
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</head>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
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vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="CENTER">Apache Core Features</h1>
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<p>These configuration parameters control the core Apache
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features, and are always available.</p>
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<h2>Directives</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></li>
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<li><a href="#adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset</a></li>
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<li><a href="#addmodule">AddModule</a></li>
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<li><a href="#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></li>
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<li><a href="#authname">AuthName</a></li>
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<li><a href="#authtype">AuthType</a></li>
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<li><a href="#clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList</a></li>
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<li><a href="#contentdigest">ContentDigest</a></li>
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<li><a href="#coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory</a></li>
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<li><a href="#defaulttype">DefaultType</a></li>
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<li><a href="#directory"><Directory></a></li>
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<li><a href="#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></li>
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<li><a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li>
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<li><a href="#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></li>
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<li><a href="#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></li>
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<li><a href="#files"><Files></a></li>
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<li><a href="#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></li>
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<li><a href="#forcetype">ForceType</a></li>
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<li><a href="#hostnamelookups">HostNameLookups</a></li>
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<li><a href="#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></li>
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<li><a href="#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></li>
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<li><a href="#include">Include</a></li>
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<li><a href="#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></li>
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<li><a href="#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></li>
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<li><a href="#limit"><Limit></a></li>
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<li><a href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a></li>
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<li><a href="#limitrequestbody">LimitRequestBody</a></li>
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<li><a href="#limitrequestfields">LimitRequestFields</a></li>
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<li><a
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href="#limitrequestfieldsize">LimitRequestFieldsize</a></li>
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<li><a href="#limitrequestline">LimitRequestLine</a></li>
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<li><a
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href="#limitxmlrequestbody">LimitXMLRequestBody</a></li>
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<li><a href="#location"><Location></a></li>
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<li><a href="#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></li>
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<li><a href="#loglevel">LogLevel</a></li>
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<li><a
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href="#maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests</a></li>
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<li><a href="#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></li>
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<li><a href="#options">Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#require">Require</a></li>
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<li><a href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a></li>
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<li><a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a></li>
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<li><a href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a></li>
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<li><a href="#satisfy">Satisfy</a></li>
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<li><a
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href="#scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serveralias">ServerAlias</a></li>
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<li><a href="#servername">ServerName</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serverpath">ServerPath</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serversignature">ServerSignature</a></li>
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<li><a href="#servertokens">ServerTokens</a></li>
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<li><a href="#sethandler">SetHandler</a></li>
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<li><a href="#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a></li>
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<li><a href="#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a></li>
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<li><a href="#timeout">TimeOut</a></li>
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<li><a href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></li>
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<li><a href="#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="accessfilename" name="accessfilename">AccessFileName
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AccessFileName} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AccessFileName
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<em>filename</em> [<em>filename</em>] ...<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
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rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AccessFileName
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.htaccess</code><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AccessFileName
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can accept more than one filename only in Apache 1.3 and later
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<p>When returning a document to the client the server looks for
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the first existing access control file from this list of names
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in every directory of the path to the document, if access
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control files are enabled for that directory. For example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>AccessFileName .acl</code>
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</blockquote>
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before returning the document /usr/local/web/index.html, the
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server will read /.acl, /usr/.acl, /usr/local/.acl and
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/usr/local/web/.acl for directives, unless they have been
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disabled with
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<blockquote>
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<code><Directory /><br />
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AllowOverride None<br />
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</Directory></code>
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</blockquote>
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<p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a
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href="#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="adddefaultcharset"
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name="adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset directive</a></h2>
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AddDefaultCharset
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On|Off|<em>charset</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
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rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
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<code>AddDefaultCharset Off</code><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a>
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AddDefaultCharset is only available in Apache 1.3.12 and later
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<p>This directive specifies the name of the character set that
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will be added to any response that does not have any parameter
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on the content type in the HTTP headers. This will override any
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character set specified in the body of the document via a
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<code>META</code> tag. A setting of <code>AddDefaultCharset
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Off</code> disables this functionality. <code>AddDefaultCharset
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On</code> enables Apache's internal default charset of
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<code>iso-8859-1</code> as required by the directive. You can
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also specify an alternate <em>charset</em> to be used; e.g.
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<code>AddDefaultCharset utf-8</code>.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="addmodule" name="addmodule">AddModule
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AddModule} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AddModule
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<em>module</em> [<em>module</em>] ...<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config <br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AddModule is
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only available in Apache 1.2 and later
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<p>The server can have modules compiled in which are not
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actively in use. This directive can be used to enable the use
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of those modules. The server comes with a pre-loaded list of
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active modules; this list can be cleared with the <a
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href="#clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList</a> directive.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="allowoverride" name="allowoverride">AllowOverride
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AllowOverride} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AllowOverride
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All|None|<em>directive-type</em> [<em>directive-type</em>]
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...<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
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rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AllowOverride
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All</code><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
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<p>When the server finds an .htaccess file (as specified by <a
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href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a>) it needs to know
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which directives declared in that file can override earlier
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access information.</p>
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<p>When this directive is set to <code>None</code>, then
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.htaccess files are completely ignored. In this case, the
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server will not even attempt to read .htaccess files in the
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filesystem.</p>
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<p>When this directive is set to <code>All</code>, then any
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directive which has the .htaccess <a
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href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> is allowed in
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.htaccess files.</p>
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<p>The <em>directive-type</em> can be one of the following
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groupings of directives.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>AuthConfig</dt>
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<dd>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthConfig} override> -->
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Allow use of the authorization directives (<a
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href="mod_auth_dbm.html#authdbmgroupfile">AuthDBMGroupFile</a>,
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<a
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href="mod_auth_dbm.html#authdbmuserfile">AuthDBMUserFile</a>,
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<a href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a>, <a
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href="#authname">AuthName</a>, <a
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href="#authtype">AuthType</a>, <a
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href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a>, <a
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href="#require">Require</a>, <em>etc.</em>).</dd>
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<dt>FileInfo</dt>
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<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt FileInfo} override> -->
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Allow use of the directives controlling document types (<a
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href="#defaulttype">DefaultType</a>, <a
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href="#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a>, <a
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href="#forcetype">ForceType</a>, <a
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href="mod_negotiation.html#languagepriority">LanguagePriority</a>,
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<a href="#sethandler">SetHandler</a>, <a
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href="#setinputfilter">SetInputFilter</a>, <a
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href="#setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter</a>, and <a
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href="mod_mime.html">mod_mime Add* and Remove*
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directives</a>, <em>etc.</em>).</dd>
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<dt>Indexes</dt>
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<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Indexes} override> -->
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Allow use of the directives controlling directory indexing
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(<a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#adddescription">AddDescription</a>,
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<a href="mod_autoindex.html#addicon">AddIcon</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#addiconbyencoding">AddIconByEncoding</a>,
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<a href="mod_autoindex.html#addiconbytype">AddIconByType</a>,
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<a href="mod_autoindex.html#defaulticon">DefaultIcon</a>, <a
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href="mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#fancyindexing">FancyIndexing</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#headername">HeaderName</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#indexignore">IndexIgnore</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#indexoptions">IndexOptions</a>, <a
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href="mod_autoindex.html#readmename">ReadmeName</a>,
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<em>etc.</em>).</dd>
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<dt>Limit</dt>
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<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Limit} override> -->
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Allow use of the directives controlling host access (Allow,
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Deny and Order).</dd>
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<dt>Options</dt>
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<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Options} override> -->
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Allow use of the directives controlling specific directory
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features (<a href="#options">Options</a> and <a
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href="mod_include.html#xbithack">XBitHack</a>).</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a
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href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="authname" name="authname">AuthName
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthName} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AuthName
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<em>auth-domain</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
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.htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
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<p>This directive sets the name of the authorization realm for
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a directory. This realm is given to the client so that the user
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knows which username and password to send.
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<samp>AuthName</samp> takes a single argument; if the realm
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name contains spaces, it must be enclosed in quotation marks.
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It must be accompanied by <a href="#authtype">AuthType</a> and
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<a href="#require">Require</a> directives, and directives such
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as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a
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href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> to
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work.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="authtype" name="authtype">AuthType
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthType} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AuthType
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Basic|Digest<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
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.htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
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<p>This directive selects the type of user authentication for a
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directory. Only <code>Basic</code> and <code>Digest</code> are
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currently implemented.
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Basic} authentication scheme> -->
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It must be accompanied by <a href="#authname">AuthName</a> and
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<a href="#require">Require</a> directives, and directives such
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as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a
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href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> to
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work.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="clearmodulelist"
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name="clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ClearModuleList} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ClearModuleList<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ClearModuleList
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is only available in Apache 1.2 and later
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<p>The server comes with a built-in list of active modules.
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This directive clears the list. It is assumed that the list
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will then be re-populated using the <a
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href="#addmodule">AddModule</a> directive.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="contentdigest" name="contentdigest">ContentDigest
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directive</a></h2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ContentDigest} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ContentDigest
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on|off<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
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rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ContentDigest
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off</code><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host, directory, .htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> experimental<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ContentDigest is
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only available in Apache 1.1 and later
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<p>This directive enables the generation of
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<code>Content-MD5</code> headers as defined in RFC1864
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respectively RFC2068.</p>
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<p>MD5 is an algorithm for computing a "message digest"
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(sometimes called "fingerprint") of arbitrary-length data, with
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a high degree of confidence that any alterations in the data
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will be reflected in alterations in the message digest.</p>
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<p>The <code>Content-MD5</code> header provides an end-to-end
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message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body. A proxy or
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client may check this header for detecting accidental
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modification of the entity-body in transit. Example header:</p>
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<pre>
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Content-MD5: AuLb7Dp1rqtRtxz2m9kRpA==
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</pre>
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<p>Note that this can cause performance problems on your server
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since the message digest is computed on every request (the
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values are not cached).</p>
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<p><code>Content-MD5</code> is only sent for documents served
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by the core, and not by any module. For example, SSI documents,
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output from CGI scripts, and byte range responses do not have
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this header.</p>
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<hr />
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|
|
<h2><a id="defaulttype" name="defaulttype">DefaultType
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt DefaultType} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> DefaultType
|
|
<em>MIME-type</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>DefaultType
|
|
text/html</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>There will be times when the server is asked to provide a
|
|
document whose type cannot be determined by its MIME types
|
|
mappings.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The server must inform the client of the content-type of the
|
|
document, so in the event of an unknown type it uses the
|
|
<code>DefaultType</code>. For example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>DefaultType image/gif</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
would be appropriate for a directory which contained many gif
|
|
images with filenames missing the .gif extension.
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that unlike <a href="#forcetype">ForceType</a>, this
|
|
directive is only provides the default mime-type. All other
|
|
mime-type definitions, including filename extensions, that
|
|
might identify the media type will override this default.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="directory" name="directory"><Directory>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Directory} section directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Directory
|
|
<em>directory-path</em>> ... </Directory> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core.
|
|
|
|
<p><Directory> and </Directory> are used to enclose
|
|
a group of directives which will apply only to the named
|
|
directory and sub-directories of that directory. Any directive
|
|
which is allowed in a directory context may be used.
|
|
<em>Directory-path</em> is either the full path to a directory,
|
|
or a wild-card string. In a wild-card string, `?' matches any
|
|
single character, and `*' matches any sequences of characters.
|
|
As of Apache 1.3, you may also use `[]' character ranges like
|
|
in the shell. Also as of Apache 1.3 none of the wildcards match
|
|
a `/' character, which more closely mimics the behavior of Unix
|
|
shells. Example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Directory /usr/local/httpd/htdocs>
|
|
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Apache 1.2 and above:</strong> Extended regular
|
|
expressions can also be used, with the addition of the
|
|
<code>~</code> character. For example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Directory ~ "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
would match directories in /www/ that consisted of three
|
|
numbers.
|
|
|
|
<p>If multiple (non-regular expression) directory sections
|
|
match the directory (or its parents) containing a document,
|
|
then the directives are applied in the order of shortest match
|
|
first, interspersed with the directives from the <a
|
|
href="#accessfilename">.htaccess</a> files. For example,
|
|
with</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Directory /><br />
|
|
AllowOverride None<br />
|
|
</Directory><br />
|
|
<br />
|
|
<Directory /home/*><br />
|
|
AllowOverride FileInfo<br />
|
|
</Directory></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
for access to the document <code>/home/web/dir/doc.html</code>
|
|
the steps are:
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride None</code>
|
|
(disabling <code>.htaccess</code> files).</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride FileInfo</code> (for
|
|
directory <code>/home/web</code>).</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>Apply any FileInfo directives in
|
|
<code>/home/web/.htaccess</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Regular expression directory sections are handled slightly
|
|
differently by Apache 1.2 and 1.3. In Apache 1.2 they are
|
|
interspersed with the normal directory sections and applied in
|
|
the order they appear in the configuration file. They are
|
|
applied only once, and apply when the shortest match possible
|
|
occurs. In Apache 1.3 regular expressions are not considered
|
|
until after all of the normal sections have been applied. Then
|
|
all of the regular expressions are tested in the order they
|
|
appeared in the configuration file. For example, with</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Directory ~ abc$><br />
|
|
... directives here ...<br />
|
|
</Directory><br />
|
|
</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Suppose that the filename being accessed is
|
|
<code>/home/abc/public_html/abc/index.html</code>. The server
|
|
considers each of <code>/</code>, <code>/home</code>,
|
|
<code>/home/abc</code>, <code>/home/abc/public_html</code>, and
|
|
<code>/home/abc/public_html/abc</code> in that order. In Apache
|
|
1.2, when <code>/home/abc</code> is considered, the regular
|
|
expression will match and be applied. In Apache 1.3 the regular
|
|
expression isn't considered at all at that point in the tree.
|
|
It won't be considered until after all normal
|
|
<Directory>s and <code>.htaccess</code> files have been
|
|
applied. Then the regular expression will match on
|
|
<code>/home/abc/public_html/abc</code> and be applied.
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Note that the default Apache access for
|
|
<Directory /> is <samp>Allow from All</samp>. This means
|
|
that Apache will serve any file mapped from an URL. It is
|
|
recommended that you change this with a block such
|
|
as</strong></p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Directory />
|
|
Order Deny,Allow
|
|
Deny from All
|
|
</Directory>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>and then override this for directories you
|
|
<em>want</em> accessible. See the <a
|
|
href="../misc/security_tips.html">Security Tips</a> page for
|
|
more details.</strong></p>
|
|
The directory sections typically occur in the access.conf file,
|
|
but they may appear in any configuration file.
|
|
<Directory> directives cannot nest, and cannot appear in
|
|
a <a href="#limit"><Limit></a> or <a
|
|
href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a> section.
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="directorymatch"
|
|
name="directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <DirectoryMatch
|
|
<em>regex</em>> ... </DirectoryMatch> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core.<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Available in
|
|
Apache 1.3 and later
|
|
|
|
<p><DirectoryMatch> and </DirectoryMatch> are used
|
|
to enclose a group of directives which will apply only to the
|
|
named directory and sub-directories of that directory, the same
|
|
as <a href="#directory"><Directory></a>. However, it
|
|
takes as an argument a regular expression. For example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<DirectoryMatch "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>would match directories in /www/ that consisted of three
|
|
numbers.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a
|
|
href="#directory"><Directory></a> for a description of
|
|
how regular expressions are mixed in with normal
|
|
<Directory>s.<br />
|
|
<strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="documentroot" name="documentroot">DocumentRoot
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt DocumentRoot} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> DocumentRoot
|
|
<em>directory-path</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>DocumentRoot
|
|
/usr/local/apache/htdocs</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive sets the directory from which httpd will
|
|
serve files. Unless matched by a directive like Alias, the
|
|
server appends the path from the requested URL to the document
|
|
root to make the path to the document. Example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>DocumentRoot /usr/web</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
then an access to
|
|
<code>http://www.my.host.com/index.html</code> refers to
|
|
<code>/usr/web/index.html</code>.
|
|
|
|
<p>There appears to be a bug in mod_dir which causes problems
|
|
when the DocumentRoot has a trailing slash (<em>i.e.</em>,
|
|
"DocumentRoot /usr/web/") so please avoid that.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="errordocument" name="errordocument">ErrorDocument
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ErrorDocument} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ErrorDocument
|
|
<em>error-code document</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The directory
|
|
and .htaccess contexts are only available in Apache 1.1 and
|
|
later. The quoting syntax prior to Apache 2.0 was different.
|
|
|
|
<p>In the event of a problem or error, Apache can be configured
|
|
to do one of four things,</p>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>output a simple hardcoded error message</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>output a customized message</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>redirect to a local <em>URL-path</em> to handle the
|
|
problem/error</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>redirect to an external <em>URL</em> to handle the
|
|
problem/error</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>The first option is the default, while options 2-4 are
|
|
configured using the <code>ErrorDocument</code> directive,
|
|
which is followed by the HTTP response code and a URL or a
|
|
message. Apache will sometimes offer additional information
|
|
regarding the problem/error.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>URLs can begin with a slash (/) for local URLs, or be a full
|
|
URL which the client can resolve. Alternatively, a message can
|
|
be provided to be displayed by the browser. Examples:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>ErrorDocument 500
|
|
http://foo.example.com/cgi-bin/tester<br />
|
|
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/bad_urls.pl<br />
|
|
ErrorDocument 401 /subscription_info.html<br />
|
|
ErrorDocument 403 "Sorry can't allow you access
|
|
today"</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that when you specify an <code>ErrorDocument</code>
|
|
that points to a remote URL (ie. anything with a method such as
|
|
"http" in front of it), Apache will send a redirect to the
|
|
client to tell it where to find the document, even if the
|
|
document ends up being on the same server. This has several
|
|
implications, the most important being that the client will not
|
|
receive the original error status code, but instead will
|
|
receive a redirect status code. This in turn can confuse web
|
|
robots and other clients which try to determine if a URL is
|
|
valid using the status code. In addition, if you use a remote
|
|
URL in an <code>ErrorDocument 401</code>, the client will not
|
|
know to prompt the user for a password since it will not
|
|
receive the 401 status code. Therefore, <strong>if you use an
|
|
"ErrorDocument 401" directive then it must refer to a local
|
|
document.</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Prior to version 2.0, messages were indicated by prefixing
|
|
them with a single unmatched double quote character.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See Also: <a href="../custom-error.html">documentation of
|
|
customizable responses.</a></p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="errorlog" name="errorlog">ErrorLog
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ErrorLog} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ErrorLog
|
|
<em>file-path</em>|syslog[:<em>facility</em>] <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ErrorLog
|
|
logs/error_log</code> (Unix)<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ErrorLog
|
|
logs/error.log</code> (Windows and OS/2)<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The error log directive sets the name of the file to which
|
|
the server will log any errors it encounters. If the
|
|
<em>file-path</em> does not begin with a slash (/) then it is
|
|
assumed to be relative to the <a
|
|
href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a>. If the <em>file-path</em>
|
|
begins with a pipe (|) then it is assumed to be a command to
|
|
spawn to handle the error log.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Apache 1.3 and above:</strong> Using
|
|
<code>syslog</code> instead of a filename enables logging via
|
|
syslogd(8) if the system supports it. The default is to use
|
|
syslog facility <code>local7</code>, but you can override this
|
|
by using the <code>syslog:</code><em>facility</em> syntax where
|
|
<em>facility</em> can be one of the names usually documented in
|
|
syslog(1).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>SECURITY: See the <a
|
|
href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a>
|
|
document for details on why your security could be compromised
|
|
if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by
|
|
anyone other than the user that starts the server.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#loglevel">LogLevel</a>
|
|
and <a href="../logs.html">Apache Log Files</a></p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="files" name="files"><Files> directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Files
|
|
<em>filename</em>> ... </Files><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> only available
|
|
in Apache 1.2 and above.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <Files> directive provides for access control by
|
|
filename. It is comparable to the <a
|
|
href="#directory"><Directory></a> directive and <a
|
|
href="#location"><Location></a> directives. It should be
|
|
matched with a </Files> directive. The directives given
|
|
within this section will be applied to any object with a
|
|
basename (last component of filename) matching the specified
|
|
filename. <code><Files></code> sections are processed in
|
|
the order they appear in the configuration file, after the
|
|
<Directory> sections and <code>.htaccess</code> files are
|
|
read, but before <Location> sections. Note that
|
|
<Files> can be nested inside <Directory> sections
|
|
to restrict the portion of the filesystem they apply to.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>filename</em> argument should include a filename, or
|
|
a wild-card string, where `?' matches any single character, and
|
|
`*' matches any sequences of characters. Extended regular
|
|
expressions can also be used, with the addition of the
|
|
<code>~</code> character. For example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Files ~ "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
would match most common Internet graphics formats. In Apache
|
|
1.3 and later, <a href="#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a> is
|
|
preferred, however.
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that unlike <a
|
|
href="#directory"><code><Directory></code></a> and <a
|
|
href="#location"><code><Location></code></a> sections,
|
|
<code><Files></code> sections can be used inside
|
|
.htaccess files. This allows users to control access to their
|
|
own files, at a file-by-file level.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="filesmatch"
|
|
name="filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <FilesMatch
|
|
<em>regex</em>> ... </FilesMatch><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> only available
|
|
in Apache 1.3 and above.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <FilesMatch> directive provides for access control
|
|
by filename, just as the <a href="#files"><Files></a>
|
|
directive does. However, it accepts a regular expression. For
|
|
example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>would match most common Internet graphics formats.</p>
|
|
<strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="forcetype" name="forcetype">ForceType</a>
|
|
directive</h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ForceType
|
|
<em>mime-type</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
|
|
.htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ForceType was
|
|
introduced in mod_mime with Apache 1.1, and moved to the core
|
|
in Apache 2.0.
|
|
|
|
<p>When placed into an <code>.htaccess</code> file or a
|
|
<code><Directory></code>, or
|
|
<code><Location></code> or or <code><Files></code>
|
|
section, this directive forces all matching files to be served
|
|
with the content type identification given by
|
|
<em>mime-type</em>. For example, if you had a directory full of
|
|
GIF files, but did not want to label them all with ".gif", you
|
|
might want to use:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ForceType image/gif
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that unlike <a href="#defaulttype">DefaultType</a>,
|
|
this directive overrides all mime-type associations, including
|
|
filename extensions, that might identify the media type.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="hostnamelookups"
|
|
name="hostnamelookups">HostNameLookups directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt HostNameLookups} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> HostNameLookups
|
|
on|off|double<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>HostNameLookups
|
|
off</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>double</code> available only in Apache 1.3 and
|
|
above.<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Default was
|
|
<code>on</code> prior to Apache 1.3.
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive enables DNS lookups so that host names can be
|
|
logged (and passed to CGIs/SSIs in <code>REMOTE_HOST</code>).
|
|
The value <code>double</code> refers to doing double-reverse
|
|
DNS. That is, after a reverse lookup is performed, a forward
|
|
lookup is then performed on that result. At least one of the ip
|
|
addresses in the forward lookup must match the original
|
|
address. (In "tcpwrappers" terminology this is called
|
|
<code>PARANOID</code>.)</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Regardless of the setting, when <a
|
|
href="mod_access.html">mod_access</a> is used for controlling
|
|
access by hostname, a double reverse lookup will be performed.
|
|
This is necessary for security. Note that the result of this
|
|
double-reverse isn't generally available unless you set
|
|
<code>HostnameLookups double</code>. For example, if only
|
|
<code>HostnameLookups on</code> and a request is made to an
|
|
object that is protected by hostname restrictions, regardless
|
|
of whether the double-reverse fails or not, CGIs will still be
|
|
passed the single-reverse result in
|
|
<code>REMOTE_HOST</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The default for this directive was previously
|
|
<code>on</code> in versions of Apache prior to 1.3. It was
|
|
changed to <code>off</code> in order to save the network
|
|
traffic for those sites that don't truly need the reverse
|
|
lookups done. It is also better for the end users because they
|
|
don't have to suffer the extra latency that a lookup entails.
|
|
Heavily loaded sites should leave this directive
|
|
<code>off</code>, since DNS lookups can take considerable
|
|
amounts of time. The utility <a
|
|
href="../programs/logresolve.html">logresolve</a>, provided in
|
|
the <em>/support</em> directory, can be used to look up host
|
|
names from logged IP addresses offline.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="identitycheck" name="identitycheck">IdentityCheck
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt IdentityCheck} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> IdentityCheck
|
|
on|off<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>IdentityCheck
|
|
off</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive enables RFC1413-compliant logging of the
|
|
remote user name for each connection, where the client machine
|
|
runs identd or something similar. This information is logged in
|
|
the access log. <em>Boolean</em> is either <code>on</code> or
|
|
<code>off</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The information should not be trusted in any way except for
|
|
rudimentary usage tracking.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that this can cause serious latency problems accessing
|
|
your server since every request requires one of these lookups
|
|
to be performed. When firewalls are involved each lookup might
|
|
possibly fail and add 30 seconds of latency to each hit. So in
|
|
general this is not very useful on public servers accessible
|
|
from the Internet.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="ifdefine" name="ifdefine"><IfDefine>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <IfDefine
|
|
[!]<em>parameter-name</em>> <em>...</em>
|
|
</IfDefine><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> None<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> <IfDefine>
|
|
is only available in 1.3.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <IfDefine <em>test</em>>...</IfDefine>
|
|
section is used to mark directives that are conditional. The
|
|
directives within an IfDefine section are only processed if the
|
|
<em>test</em> is true. If <em>test</em> is false, everything
|
|
between the start and end markers is ignored.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>test</em> in the <IfDefine> section directive
|
|
can be one of two forms:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>parameter-name</em></li>
|
|
|
|
<li><code>!</code><em>parameter-name</em></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the former case, the directives between the start and end
|
|
markers are only processed if the parameter named
|
|
<em>parameter-name</em> is defined. The second format reverses
|
|
the test, and only processes the directives if
|
|
<em>parameter-name</em> is <strong>not</strong> defined.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>parameter-name</em> argument is a define as given on
|
|
the <code>httpd</code> command line via
|
|
<code>-D</code><em>parameter-</em>, at the time the server was
|
|
started.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><IfDefine> sections are nest-able, which can be used
|
|
to implement simple multiple-parameter tests. Example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
$ httpd -DReverseProxy ...
|
|
|
|
# httpd.conf
|
|
<IfDefine ReverseProxy>
|
|
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
|
|
LoadModule proxy_module modules/libproxy.so
|
|
</IfDefine>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="ifmodule" name="ifmodule"><IfModule>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <IfModule
|
|
[!]<em>module-name</em>> <em>...</em>
|
|
</IfModule><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> None<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> IfModule is only
|
|
available in 1.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <IfModule <em>test</em>>...</IfModule>
|
|
section is used to mark directives that are conditional. The
|
|
directives within an IfModule section are only processed if the
|
|
<em>test</em> is true. If <em>test</em> is false, everything
|
|
between the start and end markers is ignored.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>test</em> in the <IfModule> section directive
|
|
can be one of two forms:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>module name</em></li>
|
|
|
|
<li>!<em>module name</em></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the former case, the directives between the start and end
|
|
markers are only processed if the module named <em>module
|
|
name</em> is compiled in to Apache. The second format reverses
|
|
the test, and only processes the directives if <em>module
|
|
name</em> is <strong>not</strong> compiled in.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>module name</em> argument is a module name as given
|
|
as the file name of the module, at the time it was compiled.
|
|
For example, <code>mod_rewrite.c</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><IfModule> sections are nest-able, which can be used
|
|
to implement simple multiple-module tests.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="include" name="include">Include directive</a></h2>
|
|
<strong>Syntax:</strong> Include
|
|
<em>file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Include is only
|
|
available in Apache 1.3 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive allows inclusion of other configuration files
|
|
from within the server configuration files.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If <code>Include</code> points to a directory, rather than a
|
|
file, Apache will read all files in that directory, and any
|
|
subdirectory, and parse those as configuration files.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="keepalive" name="keepalive">KeepAlive
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<strong>Syntax:</strong> KeepAlive on/off<br />
|
|
<strong>Default:</strong> <code>KeepAlive On</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> KeepAlive is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The Keep-Alive extension to HTTP/1.0 and the persistent
|
|
connection feature of HTTP/1.1 provide long-lived HTTP sessions
|
|
which allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP
|
|
connection. In some cases this has been shown to result in an
|
|
almost 50% speedup in latency times for HTML documents with
|
|
many images. To enable Keep-Alive connections in Apache 1.2 and
|
|
later, set <code>KeepAlive On</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>For HTTP/1.0 clients, Keep-Alive connections will only be
|
|
used if they are specifically requested by a client. In
|
|
addition, a Keep-Alive connection with an HTTP/1.0 client can
|
|
only be used when the length of the content is known in
|
|
advance. This implies that dynamic content such as CGI output,
|
|
SSI pages, and server-generated directory listings will
|
|
generally not use Keep-Alive connections to HTTP/1.0 clients.
|
|
For HTTP/1.1 clients, persistent connections are the default
|
|
unless otherwise specified. If the client requests it, chunked
|
|
encoding will be used in order to send content of unknown
|
|
length over persistent connections.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a
|
|
href="#maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="keepalivetimeout"
|
|
name="keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> KeepAliveTimeout
|
|
<em>seconds</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>KeepAliveTimeout
|
|
15</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> KeepAliveTimeout
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The number of seconds Apache will wait for a subsequent
|
|
request before closing the connection. Once a request has been
|
|
received, the timeout value specified by the <a
|
|
href="#timeout"><code>Timeout</code></a> directive applies.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Setting <code>KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a high value may
|
|
cause performance problems in heavily loaded servers. The
|
|
higher the timeout, the more server processes will be kept
|
|
occupied waiting on connections with idle clients.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limit" name="limit"><Limit> directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Limit} section directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Limit
|
|
<em>method</em> [<em>method</em>] ... > ...
|
|
</Limit><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> any<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>Access controls are normally effective for
|
|
<strong>all</strong> access methods, and this is the usual
|
|
desired behavior. <strong>In the general case, access control
|
|
directives should not be placed within a
|
|
<code><limit></code> section.</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The purpose of the <Limit> directive is to restrict
|
|
the effect of the access controls to the nominated HTTP
|
|
methods. For all other methods, the access restrictions that
|
|
are enclosed in the <Limit> bracket <strong>will have no
|
|
effect</strong>. The following example applies the access
|
|
control only to the methods POST, PUT, and DELETE, leaving all
|
|
other methods unprotected:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Limit POST PUT DELETE><br />
|
|
Require valid-user<br />
|
|
</Limit></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
The method names listed can be one or more of: GET, POST, PUT,
|
|
DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, TRACE, PATCH, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH,
|
|
MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, and UNLOCK. <strong>The method name is
|
|
case-sensitive.</strong> If GET is used it will also restrict
|
|
HEAD requests.
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitexcept" name="limitexcept"><LimitExcept>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LimitExcept} section directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <LimitExcept
|
|
<em>method</em> [<em>method</em>] ... > ...
|
|
</LimitExcept><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> any<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Available in
|
|
Apache 1.3.5 and later
|
|
|
|
<p><LimitExcept> and </LimitExcept> are used to
|
|
enclose a group of access control directives which will then
|
|
apply to any HTTP access method <strong>not</strong> listed in
|
|
the arguments; i.e., it is the opposite of a <a
|
|
href="#limit"><Limit></a> section and can be used to
|
|
control both standard and nonstandard/unrecognized methods. See
|
|
the documentation for <a href="#limit"><Limit></a> for
|
|
more details.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitrequestbody"
|
|
name="limitrequestbody">LimitRequestBody directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LimitRequestBody} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestBody
|
|
<em>bytes</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LimitRequestBody
|
|
0</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LimitRequestBody
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive specifies the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0
|
|
(meaning unlimited) to 2147483647 (2GB) that are allowed in a
|
|
request body. The default value is defined by the compile-time
|
|
constant <code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_BODY</code> (0 as
|
|
distributed).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The LimitRequestBody directive allows the user to set a
|
|
limit on the allowed size of an HTTP request message body
|
|
within the context in which the directive is given (server,
|
|
per-directory, per-file or per-location). If the client request
|
|
exceeds that limit, the server will return an error response
|
|
instead of servicing the request. The size of a normal request
|
|
message body will vary greatly depending on the nature of the
|
|
resource and the methods allowed on that resource. CGI scripts
|
|
typically use the message body for passing form information to
|
|
the server. Implementations of the PUT method will require a
|
|
value at least as large as any representation that the server
|
|
wishes to accept for that resource.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive gives the server administrator greater
|
|
control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be
|
|
useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service
|
|
attacks.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitrequestfields"
|
|
name="limitrequestfields">LimitRequestFields directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LimitRequestFields} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestFields
|
|
<em>number</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>LimitRequestFields 100</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a>
|
|
LimitRequestFields is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><em>Number</em> is an integer from 0 (meaning unlimited) to
|
|
32767. The default value is defined by the compile-time
|
|
constant <code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_FIELDS</code> (100 as
|
|
distributed).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The LimitRequestFields directive allows the server
|
|
administrator to modify the limit on the number of request
|
|
header fields allowed in an HTTP request. A server needs this
|
|
value to be larger than the number of fields that a normal
|
|
client request might include. The number of request header
|
|
fields used by a client rarely exceeds 20, but this may vary
|
|
among different client implementations, often depending upon
|
|
the extent to which a user has configured their browser to
|
|
support detailed content negotiation. Optional HTTP extensions
|
|
are often expressed using request header fields.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive gives the server administrator greater
|
|
control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be
|
|
useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
|
|
The value should be increased if normal clients see an error
|
|
response from the server that indicates too many fields were
|
|
sent in the request.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitrequestfieldsize"
|
|
name="limitrequestfieldsize">LimitRequestFieldsize
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LimitRequestFieldsize} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestFieldsize
|
|
<em>bytes</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>LimitRequestFieldsize 8190</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a>
|
|
LimitRequestFieldsize is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and
|
|
later.
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive specifies the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0
|
|
to the value of the compile-time constant
|
|
<code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_FIELDSIZE</code> (8190 as
|
|
distributed) that will be allowed in an HTTP request
|
|
header.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The LimitRequestFieldsize directive allows the server
|
|
administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of an
|
|
HTTP request header field below the normal input buffer size
|
|
compiled with the server. A server needs this value to be large
|
|
enough to hold any one header field from a normal client
|
|
request. The size of a normal request header field will vary
|
|
greatly among different client implementations, often depending
|
|
upon the extent to which a user has configured their browser to
|
|
support detailed content negotiation.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive gives the server administrator greater
|
|
control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be
|
|
useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
|
|
Under normal conditions, the value should not be changed from
|
|
the default.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitrequestline"
|
|
name="limitrequestline">LimitRequestLine directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LimitRequestLine} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestLine
|
|
<em>bytes</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LimitRequestLine
|
|
8190</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LimitRequestLine
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive sets the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0 to
|
|
the value of the compile-time constant
|
|
<code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_LINE</code> (8190 as distributed)
|
|
that will be allowed on the HTTP request-line.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The LimitRequestLine directive allows the server
|
|
administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of a
|
|
client's HTTP request-line below the normal input buffer size
|
|
compiled with the server. Since the request-line consists of
|
|
the HTTP method, URI, and protocol version, the
|
|
LimitRequestLine directive places a restriction on the length
|
|
of a request-URI allowed for a request on the server. A server
|
|
needs this value to be large enough to hold any of its resource
|
|
names, including any information that might be passed in the
|
|
query part of a GET request.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive gives the server administrator greater
|
|
control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be
|
|
useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
|
|
Under normal conditions, the value should not be changed from
|
|
the default.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="limitxmlrequestbody"
|
|
name="limitxmlrequestbody">LimitXMLRequestBody
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitXMLRequestBody
|
|
<em>number</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>LimitXMLRequestBody 1000000</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Limit (in bytes) on maximum size of an XML-based request
|
|
body.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="location" name="location"><Location>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Location
|
|
<em>URL-path</em>|<em>URL</em>> ... </Location><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Location is only
|
|
available in Apache 1.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <Location> directive provides for access control
|
|
by URL. It is similar to the <a
|
|
href="#directory"><Directory></a> directive, and starts a
|
|
subsection which is terminated with a </Location>
|
|
directive. <code><Location></code> sections are processed
|
|
in the order they appear in the configuration file, after the
|
|
<Directory> sections and <code>.htaccess</code> files are
|
|
read, and after the <Files> sections.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that URLs do not have to line up with the filesystem at
|
|
all, it should be emphasized that <Location> operates
|
|
completely outside the filesystem.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>For all origin (non-proxy) requests, the URL to be matched
|
|
is of the form <code>/path/</code>, and you should not include
|
|
any <code>http://servername</code> prefix. For proxy requests,
|
|
the URL to be matched is of the form
|
|
<code>scheme://servername/path</code>, and you must include the
|
|
prefix.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The URL may use wildcards In a wild-card string, `?' matches
|
|
any single character, and `*' matches any sequences of
|
|
characters.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Apache 1.2 and above:</strong> Extended regular
|
|
expressions can also be used, with the addition of the
|
|
<code>~</code> character. For example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Location ~ "/(extra|special)/data">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>would match URLs that contained the substring "/extra/data"
|
|
or "/special/data". In Apache 1.3 and above, a new directive <a
|
|
href="#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a> exists which
|
|
behaves identical to the regex version of
|
|
<code><Location></code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>Location</code> functionality is especially useful
|
|
when combined with the <code><a
|
|
href="mod_mime.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>
|
|
directive. For example, to enable status requests, but allow
|
|
them only from browsers at foo.com, you might use:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Location /status>
|
|
SetHandler server-status
|
|
Order Deny,Allow
|
|
Deny from all
|
|
Allow from .foo.com
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Apache 1.3 and above note about / (slash)</strong>:
|
|
The slash character has special meaning depending on where in a
|
|
URL it appears. People may be used to its behavior in the
|
|
filesystem where multiple adjacent slashes are frequently
|
|
collapsed to a single slash (<em>i.e.</em>,
|
|
<code>/home///foo</code> is the same as
|
|
<code>/home/foo</code>). In URL-space this is not necessarily
|
|
true. The <code><LocationMatch></code> directive and the
|
|
regex version of <code><Location></code> require you to
|
|
explicitly specify multiple slashes if that is your intention.
|
|
For example, <code><LocationMatch ^/abc></code> would
|
|
match the request URL <code>/abc</code> but not the request URL
|
|
<code>//abc</code>. The (non-regex)
|
|
<code><Location></code> directive behaves similarly when
|
|
used for proxy requests. But when (non-regex)
|
|
<code><Location></code> is used for non-proxy requests it
|
|
will implicitly match multiple slashes with a single slash. For
|
|
example, if you specify <code><Location /abc/def></code>
|
|
and the request is to <code>/abc//def</code> then it will
|
|
match.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="locationmatch"
|
|
name="locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <LocationMatch
|
|
<em>regex</em>> ... </LocationMatch><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LocationMatch is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.3 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The <LocationMatch> directive provides for access
|
|
control by URL, in an identical manner to <a
|
|
href="#location"><Location></a>. However, it takes a
|
|
regular expression as an argument instead of a simple string.
|
|
For example:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<LocationMatch "/(extra|special)/data">
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>would match URLs that contained the substring "/extra/data"
|
|
or "/special/data".</p>
|
|
<strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="loglevel" name="loglevel">LogLevel
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LogLevel
|
|
<em>level</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LogLevel
|
|
warn</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LogLevel is only
|
|
available in 1.3 or later.
|
|
|
|
<p>LogLevel adjusts the verbosity of the messages recorded in
|
|
the error logs (see <a href="#errorlog">ErrorLog</a>
|
|
directive). The following <em>level</em>s are available, in
|
|
order of decreasing significance:</p>
|
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th align="LEFT"><strong>Level</strong> </th>
|
|
|
|
<th align="LEFT"><strong>Description</strong> </th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>
|
|
</th>
|
|
|
|
<th align="LEFT"><strong>Example</strong> </th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>emerg</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Emergencies - system is unusable.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"Child cannot open lock file. Exiting"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>alert</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Action must be taken immediately.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>crit</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Critical Conditions.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"socket: Failed to get a socket, exiting child"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>error</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Error conditions.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"Premature end of script headers"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>warn</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Warning conditions.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"child process 1234 did not exit, sending another
|
|
SIGHUP"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>notice</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Normal but significant condition.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"httpd: caught SIGBUS, attempting to dump core in
|
|
..."</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>info</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Informational.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"Server seems busy, (you may need to increase
|
|
StartServers, or Min/MaxSpareServers)..."</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>debug</code> </td>
|
|
|
|
<td>Debug-level messages</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
<td>"Opening config file ..."</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p>When a particular level is specified, messages from all
|
|
other levels of higher significance will be reported as well.
|
|
<em>E.g.</em>, when <code>LogLevel info</code> is specified,
|
|
then messages with log levels of <code>notice</code> and
|
|
<code>warn</code> will also be posted.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Using a level of at least <code>crit</code> is
|
|
recommended.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="maxkeepaliverequests"
|
|
name="maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MaxKeepAliveRequests
|
|
<em>number</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Only available
|
|
in Apache 1.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The MaxKeepAliveRequests directive limits the number of
|
|
requests allowed per connection when <a
|
|
href="#keepalive">KeepAlive</a> is on. If it is set to
|
|
"<code>0</code>", unlimited requests will be allowed. We
|
|
recommend that this setting be kept to a high value for maximum
|
|
server performance.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="namevirtualhost"
|
|
name="namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt NameVirtualHost} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> NameVirtualHost
|
|
<em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>]<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> NameVirtualHost
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.3 and later
|
|
|
|
<p>The NameVirtualHost directive is a required directive if you
|
|
want to configure <a href="../vhosts/">name-based virtual
|
|
hosts</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Although <em>addr</em> can be hostname it is recommended
|
|
that you always use an IP address, <em>e.g.</em></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
With the NameVirtualHost directive you specify the IP address
|
|
on which the server will receive requests for the name-based
|
|
virtual hosts. This will usually be the address to which your
|
|
name-based virtual host names resolve. In cases where a
|
|
firewall or other proxy receives the requests and forwards them
|
|
on a different IP address to the server, you must specify the
|
|
IP address of the physical interface on the machine which will
|
|
be servicing the requests. If you have multiple name-based
|
|
hosts on multiple addresses, repeat the directive for each
|
|
address.
|
|
|
|
<p>Note: the "main server" and any _default_ servers will
|
|
<strong>never</strong> be served for a request to a
|
|
NameVirtualHost IP Address (unless for some reason you specify
|
|
NameVirtualHost but then don't define any VirtualHosts for that
|
|
address).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Optionally you can specify a port number on which the
|
|
name-based virtual hosts should be used, <em>e.g.</em></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache Virtual
|
|
Host documentation</a>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="options" name="options">Options directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Options} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Options
|
|
[+|-]<em>option</em> [[+|-]<em>option</em>] ...<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The Options directive controls which server features are
|
|
available in a particular directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><em>option</em> can be set to <code>None</code>, in which
|
|
case none of the extra features are enabled, or one or more of
|
|
the following:</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>All</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>All options except for MultiViews. This is the default
|
|
setting.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>ExecCGI</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ExecCGI} option> -->
|
|
Execution of CGI scripts is permitted.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>FollowSymLinks</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt FollowSymLinks} option> -->
|
|
The server will follow symbolic links in this
|
|
directory.<br />
|
|
<strong>Note</strong>: even though the server follows the
|
|
symlink it does <em>not</em> change the pathname used to
|
|
match against <code><Directory></code> sections.<br />
|
|
<strong>Note</strong>: this option gets ignored if set
|
|
inside a <Location> section.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>Includes</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Includes} option> -->
|
|
Server-side includes are permitted.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>IncludesNOEXEC</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt IncludesNOEXEC} option> -->
|
|
Server-side includes are permitted, but the #exec command and
|
|
#exec CGI are disabled. It is still possible to #include
|
|
virtual CGI scripts from ScriptAliase'd directories.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>Indexes</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Indexes} option> -->
|
|
If a URL which maps to a directory is requested, and the
|
|
there is no DirectoryIndex (<em>e.g.</em>, index.html) in
|
|
that directory, then the server will return a formatted
|
|
listing of the directory.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>MultiViews</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt MultiViews} option> -->
|
|
<a href="../content-negotiation.html">Content negotiated</a>
|
|
MultiViews are allowed.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt SymLinksIfOwnerMatch} option> -->
|
|
The server will only follow symbolic links for which the
|
|
target file or directory is owned by the same user id as the
|
|
link.<br />
|
|
<strong>Note</strong>: this option gets ignored if set
|
|
inside a <Location> section.</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
Normally, if multiple <code>Options</code> could apply to a
|
|
directory, then the most specific one is taken complete; the
|
|
options are not merged. However if <em>all</em> the options on
|
|
the <code>Options</code> directive are preceded by a + or -
|
|
symbol, the options are merged. Any options preceded by a + are
|
|
added to the options currently in force, and any options
|
|
preceded by a - are removed from the options currently in
|
|
force.
|
|
|
|
<p>For example, without any + and - symbols:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Directory /web/docs><br />
|
|
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br />
|
|
</Directory><br />
|
|
<Directory /web/docs/spec><br />
|
|
Options Includes<br />
|
|
</Directory></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
then only <code>Includes</code> will be set for the
|
|
/web/docs/spec directory. However if the second
|
|
<code>Options</code> directive uses the + and - symbols:
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Directory /web/docs><br />
|
|
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br />
|
|
</Directory><br />
|
|
<Directory /web/docs/spec><br />
|
|
Options +Includes -Indexes<br />
|
|
</Directory></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
then the options <code>FollowSymLinks</code> and
|
|
<code>Includes</code> are set for the /web/docs/spec directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Using <code>-IncludesNOEXEC</code> or
|
|
<code>-Includes</code> disables server-side includes completely
|
|
regardless of the previous setting.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The default in the absence of any other settings is
|
|
<code>All</code>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="require" name="require">Require directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Require} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Require
|
|
<em>entity-name</em> [<em>entity-name</em>] ...<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
|
|
.htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive selects which authenticated users can access
|
|
a directory. The allowed syntaxes are:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Require user <em>userid</em> [<em>userid</em>] ...
|
|
|
|
<p>Only the named users can access the directory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
Require group <em>group-name</em> [<em>group-name</em>] ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Only users in the named groups can access the
|
|
directory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
Require valid-user
|
|
|
|
<p>All valid users can access the directory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Require must be accompanied by <a
|
|
href="#authname">AuthName</a> and <a
|
|
href="#authtype">AuthType</a> directives, and directives such
|
|
as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a
|
|
href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> (to define
|
|
users and groups) in order to work correctly. Example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>AuthType Basic<br />
|
|
AuthName "Restricted Directory"<br />
|
|
AuthUserFile /web/users<br />
|
|
AuthGroupFile /web/groups<br />
|
|
Require group admin<br />
|
|
</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Access controls which are applied in this way are effective for
|
|
<strong>all</strong> methods. <strong>This is what is normally
|
|
desired.</strong> If you wish to apply access controls only to
|
|
specific methods, while leaving other methods unprotected, then
|
|
place the <code>Require</code> statement into a <a
|
|
href="#limit"><Limit></a> section
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="#satisfy">Satisfy</a> and <a
|
|
href="mod_access.html">mod_access</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="rlimit" name="rlimit">RLimitCPU</a> <a
|
|
id="rlimitcpu" name="rlimitcpu">directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt RLimitCPU} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitCPU
|
|
<em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max] <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses
|
|
operating system defaults</em> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitCPU is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.2 and later. Moved in version 2.0 to
|
|
the <a href="../mpm.html">MPMs</a>.
|
|
|
|
<p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft
|
|
resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets
|
|
the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number,
|
|
or <em>max</em> to indicate to the server that the limit should
|
|
be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system
|
|
configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that
|
|
the server is running as root, or in the initial startup
|
|
phase.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children
|
|
servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This
|
|
includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any
|
|
processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped
|
|
logs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>CPU resource limits are expressed in seconds per
|
|
process.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a> or <a
|
|
href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="rlimitmem" name="rlimitmem">RLimitMEM
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt RLimitMEM} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitMEM
|
|
<em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max]<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses
|
|
operating system defaults</em> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitMEM is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.2 and later. Moved in version 2.0 to
|
|
the <a href="../mpm.html">MPMs</a>.
|
|
|
|
<p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft
|
|
resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets
|
|
the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number,
|
|
or <em>max</em> to indicate to the server that the limit should
|
|
be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system
|
|
configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that
|
|
the server is running as root, or in the initial startup
|
|
phase.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children
|
|
servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This
|
|
includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any
|
|
processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped
|
|
logs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Memory resource limits are expressed in bytes per
|
|
process.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a> or <a
|
|
href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="rlimitnproc" name="rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt RLimitNPROC} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitNPROC
|
|
<em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max]<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses
|
|
operating system defaults</em> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitNPROC is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.2 and later. Moved in version 2.0 to
|
|
the <a href="../mpm.html">MPMs</a>.
|
|
|
|
<p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft
|
|
resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets
|
|
the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number,
|
|
or <code>max</code> to indicate to the server that the limit
|
|
should be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system
|
|
configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that
|
|
the server is running as root, or in the initial startup
|
|
phase.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children
|
|
servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This
|
|
includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any
|
|
processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped
|
|
logs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Process limits control the number of processes per user.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note: If CGI processes are <strong>not</strong> running
|
|
under userids other than the web server userid, this directive
|
|
will limit the number of processes that the server itself can
|
|
create. Evidence of this situation will be indicated by
|
|
<strong><em>cannot fork</em></strong> messages in the
|
|
error_log.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a> or <a
|
|
href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="satisfy" name="satisfy">Satisfy directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Satisfy} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Satisfy any|all<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> Satisfy all<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
|
|
.htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Satisfy is only
|
|
available in Apache 1.2 and later
|
|
|
|
<p>Access policy if both <code>Allow</code> and
|
|
<code>Require</code> used. The parameter can be either
|
|
<em>'all'</em> or <em>'any'</em>. This directive is only useful
|
|
if access to a particular area is being restricted by both
|
|
username/password <em>and</em> client host address. In this
|
|
case the default behavior ("all") is to require that the client
|
|
passes the address access restriction <em>and</em> enters a
|
|
valid username and password. With the "any" option the client
|
|
will be granted access if they either pass the host restriction
|
|
or enter a valid username and password. This can be used to
|
|
password restrict an area, but to let clients from particular
|
|
addresses in without prompting for a password.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="#require">Require</a> and <a
|
|
href="mod_access.html">mod_access</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="scriptinterpretersource"
|
|
name="scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ScriptInterpreterSource} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ScriptInterpreterSource
|
|
registry|script<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a>
|
|
<code>ScriptInterpreterSource script</code> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory,
|
|
.htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core (Windows only)
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive is used to control how Apache 1.3.5 and later
|
|
finds the interpreter used to run CGI scripts. The default
|
|
technique is to use the interpreter pointed to by the #! line
|
|
in the script. Setting ScriptInterpreterSource registry will
|
|
cause the Windows Registry to be searched using the script file
|
|
extension (e.g., .pl) as a search key.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="serveradmin" name="serveradmin">ServerAdmin
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ServerAdmin} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerAdmin
|
|
<em>email-address</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerAdmin sets the e-mail address that the server
|
|
includes in any error messages it returns to the client.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>It may be worth setting up a dedicated address for this,
|
|
<em>e.g.</em></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>ServerAdmin www-admin@foo.bar.com</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
as users do not always mention that they are talking about the
|
|
server!
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="serveralias" name="serveralias">ServerAlias
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerAlias
|
|
<em>hostname</em> [<em>hostname</em>] ...<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> virtual host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerAlias is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerAlias directive sets the alternate names for a
|
|
host, for use with <a
|
|
href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name-based virtual
|
|
hosts</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache
|
|
Virtual Host documentation</a></p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="servername" name="servername">ServerName
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ServerName} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerName
|
|
<em>fully-qualified-domain-name:port</em> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerName directive sets the hostname of the server;
|
|
this is used when creating redirection URLs. If it is not
|
|
specified, then the server attempts to deduce it from its own
|
|
IP address; however this may not work reliably, or may not
|
|
return the preferred hostname. For example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>ServerName www.example.com:80</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
would be used if the canonical (main) name of the actual
|
|
machine were <code>simple.example.com</code>.
|
|
|
|
<p>If you are using <a
|
|
href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name-based virtual hosts</a>,
|
|
the <code>ServerName</code> inside a <a
|
|
href="#virtualhost"><code><VirtualHost></code></a>
|
|
section specifies what hostname must appear in the request's
|
|
<code>Host:</code> header to match this virtual host.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive now takes allows a port to be added to the
|
|
server name. This allows an admin to assign the canonical
|
|
port at the same time that the canonical name is assigned.
|
|
The Port directive, which used to perform this role, has also
|
|
been removed, easing configuration for all users.
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See Also</strong>:<br />
|
|
<a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a><br />
|
|
<a href="../vhosts/">Apache virtual host
|
|
documentation</a><br />
|
|
<a href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a><br />
|
|
<a href="#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a><br />
|
|
<a href="#serveralias">ServerAlias</a><br />
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="serverpath" name="serverpath">ServerPath
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerPath
|
|
<em>directory-path</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> virtual host<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerPath is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerPath directive sets the legacy URL pathname for a
|
|
host, for use with <a href="../vhosts/">name-based virtual
|
|
hosts</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache
|
|
Virtual Host documentation</a></p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="serverroot" name="serverroot">ServerRoot
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ServerRoot} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerRoot
|
|
<em>directory-path</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerRoot
|
|
/usr/local/apache</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerRoot directive sets the directory in which the
|
|
server lives. Typically it will contain the subdirectories
|
|
<code>conf/</code> and <code>logs/</code>. Relative paths for
|
|
other configuration files are taken as relative to this
|
|
directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="../invoking.html">the <code>-d</code>
|
|
option to httpd</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also <a href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">the
|
|
security tips</a> for information on how to properly set
|
|
permissions on the ServerRoot.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="serversignature"
|
|
name="serversignature">ServerSignature directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ServerSignature} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerSignature
|
|
On|Off|EMail<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerSignature
|
|
Off</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerSignature
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.3 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p>The ServerSignature directive allows the configuration of a
|
|
trailing footer line under server-generated documents (error
|
|
messages, mod_proxy ftp directory listings, mod_info output,
|
|
...). The reason why you would want to enable such a footer
|
|
line is that in a chain of proxies, the user often has no
|
|
possibility to tell which of the chained servers actually
|
|
produced a returned error message.<br />
|
|
The <samp>Off</samp> setting, which is the default, suppresses
|
|
the error line (and is therefore compatible with the behavior
|
|
of Apache-1.2 and below). The <samp>On</samp> setting simply
|
|
adds a line with the server version number and <a
|
|
href="#servername">ServerName</a> of the serving virtual host,
|
|
and the <samp>EMail</samp> setting additionally creates a
|
|
"mailto:" reference to the <a
|
|
href="#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a> of the referenced
|
|
document.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="servertokens" name="servertokens">ServerTokens
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ServerTokens} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerTokens
|
|
Minimal|ProductOnly|OS|Full<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerTokens
|
|
Full</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerTokens is
|
|
only available in Apache 1.3 and later; the
|
|
<code>ProductOnly</code> keyword is only available in versions
|
|
later than 1.3.12
|
|
|
|
<p>This directive controls whether <samp>Server</samp> response
|
|
header field which is sent back to clients includes a
|
|
description of the generic OS-type of the server as well as
|
|
information about compiled-in modules.</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>ServerTokens Prod[uctOnly]</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server:
|
|
Apache</samp></dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><code>ServerTokens Min[imal]</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server:
|
|
Apache/1.3.0</samp></dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><code>ServerTokens OS</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: Apache/1.3.0
|
|
(Unix)</samp></dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><code>ServerTokens Full</code> (or not specified)</dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: Apache/1.3.0
|
|
(Unix) PHP/3.0 MyMod/1.2</samp></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>This setting applies to the entire server, and cannot be
|
|
enabled or disabled on a virtualhost-by-virtualhost basis.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="sethandler" name="sethandler">SetHandler</a>
|
|
directive</h2>
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> SetHandler
|
|
<em>handler-name</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, files,
|
|
location, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> core<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> SetHandler was
|
|
introduced in mod_mime with Apache 1.1, and moved into the core
|
|
with Apache 2.0
|
|
|
|
<p>When placed into an <code>.htaccess</code> file or a
|
|
<code><Directory></code> or <code><Location></code>
|
|
section, this directive forces all matching files to be parsed
|
|
through the <a href="../handler.html">handler</a> given by
|
|
<em>handler-name</em>. For example, if you had a directory you
|
|
wanted to be parsed entirely as imagemap rule files, regardless
|
|
of extension, you might put the following into an
|
|
<code>.htaccess</code> file in that directory:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
SetHandler imap-file
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Another example: if you wanted to have the server display a
|
|
status report whenever a URL of
|
|
<code>http://servername/status</code> was called, you might put
|
|
the following into access.conf:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Location /status>
|
|
SetHandler server-status
|
|
</Location>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="setinputfilter" name="setinputfilter">SetInputFilter
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> SetInputFilter
|
|
<em>filter</em>[<em>;filter</em>...]<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> none<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, files,
|
|
location, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>SetInputFilter</code> directive sets the filter or
|
|
filters which will process client requests and POST input when
|
|
they are received by the server. This is in addition to any
|
|
filters defined elsewhere, including the <a
|
|
href="mod_mime.html#addinputfilter">AddInputFilter</a>
|
|
directive.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If more than one filter is specified, they must be seperated
|
|
by semicolons in the order in which they should process the
|
|
content.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also the <a href="../filter.html">Filters</a>
|
|
documentation.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="setoutputfilter"
|
|
name="setoutputfilter">SetOutputFilter directive</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> SetOutputFilter
|
|
<em>filter</em> [<em>filter</em>] ...<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> none<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, files,
|
|
location, .htaccess<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>SetOutputFilter</code> directive sets the filters
|
|
which will process responses from the server before they are
|
|
sent to the client. This is in addition to any filters defined
|
|
elsewhere, including the <a
|
|
href="mod_mime.html#addoutputfilter">AddOutputFilter</a>
|
|
directive.</p>
|
|
For example, the following configuration will process all files
|
|
in the <code>/www/data/</code> directory for server-side
|
|
includes.<br />
|
|
<br />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><Directory /www/data/><br />
|
|
SetOutputFilter INCLUDES<br />
|
|
</Directory></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>If more than one filter is specified, they must be seperated
|
|
by semicolons in the order in which they should process the
|
|
content.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See also the <a href="../filter.html">Filters</a>
|
|
documentation.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="timeout" name="timeout">TimeOut directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt TimeOut} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> TimeOut
|
|
<em>number</em><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>TimeOut
|
|
300</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core
|
|
|
|
<p>The TimeOut directive currently defines the amount of time
|
|
Apache will wait for three things:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>The total amount of time it takes to receive a GET
|
|
request.</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>The amount of time between receipt of TCP packets on a
|
|
POST or PUT request.</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>The amount of time between ACKs on transmissions of TCP
|
|
packets in responses.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
We plan on making these separately configurable at some point
|
|
down the road. The timer used to default to 1200 before 1.2,
|
|
but has been lowered to 300 which is still far more than
|
|
necessary in most situations. It is not set any lower by
|
|
default because there may still be odd places in the code where
|
|
the timer is not reset when a packet is sent.
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="usecanonicalname"
|
|
name="usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt UseCanonicalName} directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> UseCanonicalName
|
|
on|off|dns<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Default"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>UseCanonicalName
|
|
on</code><br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
|
|
host, directory<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> UseCanonicalName
|
|
is only available in Apache 1.3 and later
|
|
|
|
<p>In many situations Apache has to construct a
|
|
<em>self-referential</em> URL. That is, a URL which refers back
|
|
to the same server. With <code>UseCanonicalName on</code> (and
|
|
in all versions prior to 1.3) Apache will use the <a
|
|
href="#servername">ServerName</a> and <a
|
|
href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a>
|
|
directives to construct a canonical name for the server. This
|
|
name is used in all self-referential URLs, and for the values
|
|
of <code>SERVER_NAME</code> and <code>SERVER_PORT</code> in
|
|
CGIs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>With <code>UseCanonicalName off</code> Apache will form
|
|
self-referential URLs using the hostname and port supplied by
|
|
the client if any are supplied (otherwise it will use the
|
|
canonical name). These values are the same that are used to
|
|
implement <a href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name based
|
|
virtual hosts</a>, and are available with the same clients. The
|
|
CGI variables <code>SERVER_NAME</code> and
|
|
<code>SERVER_PORT</code> will be constructed from the client
|
|
supplied values as well.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>An example where this may be useful is on an intranet server
|
|
where you have users connecting to the machine using short
|
|
names such as <code>www</code>. You'll notice that if the users
|
|
type a shortname, and a URL which is a directory, such as
|
|
<code>http://www/splat</code>, <em>without the trailing
|
|
slash</em> then Apache will redirect them to
|
|
<code>http://www.domain.com/splat/</code>. If you have
|
|
authentication enabled, this will cause the user to have to
|
|
reauthenticate twice (once for <code>www</code> and once again
|
|
for <code>www.domain.com</code>). But if
|
|
<code>UseCanonicalName</code> is set off, then Apache will
|
|
redirect to <code>http://www/splat/</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>There is a third option, <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>,
|
|
which is intended for use with mass IP-based virtual hosting to
|
|
support ancient clients that do not provide a
|
|
<code>Host:</code> header. With this option Apache does a
|
|
reverse DNS lookup on the server IP address that the client
|
|
connected to in order to work out self-referential URLs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Warning:</strong> if CGIs make assumptions about the
|
|
values of <code>SERVER_NAME</code> they may be broken by this
|
|
option. The client is essentially free to give whatever value
|
|
they want as a hostname. But if the CGI is only using
|
|
<code>SERVER_NAME</code> to construct self-referential URLs
|
|
then it should be just fine.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a
|
|
href="#servername">ServerName</a>, <a
|
|
href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h2><a id="virtualhost" name="virtualhost"><VirtualHost>
|
|
directive</a></h2>
|
|
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt VirtualHost} section directive> -->
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <VirtualHost
|
|
<em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>] [<em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>]]
|
|
...> ... </VirtualHost> <br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core.<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Non-IP
|
|
address-based Virtual Hosting only available in Apache 1.1 and
|
|
later.<br />
|
|
<a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
|
|
rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Multiple address
|
|
support only available in Apache 1.2 and later.
|
|
|
|
<p><VirtualHost> and </VirtualHost> are used to
|
|
enclose a group of directives which will apply only to a
|
|
particular virtual host. Any directive which is allowed in a
|
|
virtual host context may be used. When the server receives a
|
|
request for a document on a particular virtual host, it uses
|
|
the configuration directives enclosed in the
|
|
<VirtualHost> section. <em>Addr</em> can be</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The IP address of the virtual host</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>A fully qualified domain name for the IP address of the
|
|
virtual host.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code><VirtualHost 10.1.2.3><br />
|
|
ServerAdmin webmaster@host.foo.com<br />
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/docs/host.foo.com<br />
|
|
ServerName host.foo.com<br />
|
|
ErrorLog logs/host.foo.com-error_log<br />
|
|
TransferLog logs/host.foo.com-access_log<br />
|
|
</VirtualHost></code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Each VirtualHost must correspond to a different IP address,
|
|
different port number or a different host name for the server,
|
|
in the former case the server machine must be configured to
|
|
accept IP packets for multiple addresses. (If the machine does
|
|
not have multiple network interfaces, then this can be
|
|
accomplished with the <code>ifconfig alias</code> command (if
|
|
your OS supports it), or with kernel patches like <a
|
|
href="../misc/vif-info.html">VIF</a> (for SunOS(TM) 4.1.x)).
|
|
|
|
<p>The special name <code>_default_</code> can be specified in
|
|
which case this virtual host will match any IP address that is
|
|
not explicitly listed in another virtual host. In the absence
|
|
of any _default_ virtual host the "main" server config,
|
|
consisting of all those definitions outside any VirtualHost
|
|
section, is used when no match occurs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can specify a <code>:port</code> to change the port that
|
|
is matched. If unspecified then it defaults to the same port as
|
|
the most recent <code><a
|
|
href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> statement
|
|
of the main server. You may also specify <code>:*</code> to
|
|
match all ports on that address. (This is recommended when used
|
|
with <code>_default_</code>.)</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>SECURITY</strong>: See the <a
|
|
href="../misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document
|
|
for details on why your security could be compromised if the
|
|
directory where logfiles are stored is writable by anyone other
|
|
than the user that starts the server.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: The use of <VirtualHost> does
|
|
<strong>not</strong> affect what addresses Apache listens on.
|
|
You may need to ensure that Apache is listening on the correct
|
|
addresses using <a
|
|
href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache
|
|
Virtual Host documentation</a><br />
|
|
<strong>See also:</strong> <a
|
|
href="../dns-caveats.html">Warnings about DNS and
|
|
Apache</a><br />
|
|
<strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../bind.html">Setting
|
|
which addresses and ports Apache uses</a><br />
|
|
<strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How
|
|
Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an
|
|
explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
|
|
request is received</p>
|
|
<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|