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git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@96194 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
269 lines
7.3 KiB
HTML
269 lines
7.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<title>Apache SSL/TLS Encryption: Glossary</title>
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<style type="text/css"><!--
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#H {
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}
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#D {
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background-color: #f0f0f0;
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}
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--></style>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="center">SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: Glossary</h1>
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<div align="right">
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="300" summary="">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<em>
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``I know you believe you understand what you think I said, but I am not sure you
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realize that what you heard is not what I meant.''
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</em>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="right">
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<font size="-1">
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Richard Nixon
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</font>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<dl>
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<dt>Authentication</dt>
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<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
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client, or a user. In SSL context the server and client
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<em>Certificate</em> verification process.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Access Control</dt>
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<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In Apache context
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usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Algorithm</dt>
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<dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
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number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called <em>Ciphers</em>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Certificate</dt>
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<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
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as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
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about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <em>Certificate
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Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
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signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
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CA certificates.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Certification Authority (CA)</dt>
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<dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network
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entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities
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can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer
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of a certificate.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</dt>
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<dd>An unsigned certificate for submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>,
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which signs it with the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once
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the CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Cipher</dt>
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<dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Ciphertext</dt>
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<dd>The result after a <em>Plaintext</em> passed a <em>Cipher</em>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Configuration Directive</dt>
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<dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of a program's
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behavior. In Apache context these are all the command names in the first
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column of the configuration files.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>CONNECT</dt>
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<dd>A HTTP command for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It can be used to
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encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL protocol.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Digital Signature</dt>
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<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
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<em>Certification Authority</em> creates a signature by generating a
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hash of the <em>Public Key</em> embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then
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encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
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public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
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authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Export-Crippled</dt>
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<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
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with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
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Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
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resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
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force.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Fully-Qualified Domain-Name (FQDN)</dt>
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<dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain
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name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, <code>www</code> is a
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hostname, <code>whatever.com</code> is a domain name, and
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<code>www.whatever.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</dt>
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<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol is the standard transmission protocol used
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on the World Wide Web.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>HTTPS</dt>
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<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
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communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
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over SSL.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Message Digest</dt>
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<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
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the message have not been altered in transit.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>OpenSSL</dt>
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<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS;
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see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Pass Phrase</dt>
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<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files.
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It prevents unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just
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the secret encryption/decryption key used for <em>Ciphers</em>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Plaintext</dt>
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<dd>The unencrypted text.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Private Key</dt>
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<dd>The secret key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
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decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Public Key</dt>
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<dd>The publically available key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
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encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures made by its
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owner.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Public Key Cryptography</dt>
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<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use one
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key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of
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such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Crypography.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</dt>
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<dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for
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general communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks.
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The most popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer
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Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Session</dt>
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<dd>The context information of an SSL communication.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>SSLeay</dt>
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<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
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Eric A. Young <eay@aus.rsa.com>;
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see <a href="http://www.ssleay.org/">http://www.ssleay.org/</a>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Symmetric Cryptography</dt>
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<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
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for both encryption and decryption operations.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Transport Layer Security (TLS)</dt>
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<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
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Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
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TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>Uniform Resource Locator (URL)</dt>
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<dd>The formal identifier to locate various resources on the World Wide Web.
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The most popular URL scheme is <code>http</code>. SSL uses the
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scheme <code>https</code>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>X.509</dt>
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<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
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Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</body>
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</html> |