mirror of
https://github.com/apache/httpd.git
synced 2025-10-30 08:05:39 +03:00
1bf05b9838
in particular, the non-english files, to make sure I did not screw anything up. They look fine to me. git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@91112 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
635 lines
23 KiB
HTML
635 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Compiling and Installing Apache</title>
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</head>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
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vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="CENTER">Compiling and Installing</h1>
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<p>This document covers compilation and installation of Apache
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on Unix and Unix-like systems only. For compiling and
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installation on Windows, see <a
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href="platform/windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft
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Windows</a>. For other platforms, see the <a
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href="platform/">platform</a> documentation.</p>
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<p>Apache 2.0's configuration and installation environment has
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changed completely from Apache 1.3. Apache 1.3 used a custom
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set of scripts to achieve easy installation. Apache 2.0 now
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uses libtool and autoconf to create an environment that looks
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like many other Open Source projects.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#overview">Overview for the impatient</a></li>
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<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a></li>
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<li><a href="#download">Download</a></li>
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<li><a href="#extract">Extract</a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="#configure">Configuring the source tree</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#environment">Environment Variables</a></li>
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<li><a href="#output">autoconf Output Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#pathnames">Pathnames</a></li>
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<li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
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<li><a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#compile">Build</a></li>
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<li><a href="#install">Install</a></li>
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<li><a href="#customize">Customize</a></li>
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<li><a href="#test">Test</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="overview" name="overview">Overview for the
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impatient</a></h3>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#download">Download</a></td>
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<td><code>$ lynx
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http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz</code>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#extract">Extract</a></td>
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<td><code>$ gzip -d httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz<br />
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$ tar xvf httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar</code> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#configure">Configure</a></td>
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<td><code>$ ./configure --prefix=<em>PREFIX</em></code>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#compile">Compile</a></td>
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<td><code>$ make</code> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#install">Install</a></td>
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<td><code>$ make install</code> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#customize">Customize</a></td>
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<td><code>$ vi <em>PREFIX</em>/conf/httpd.conf</code> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="#test">Test</a></td>
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<td><code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl start</code>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p><em>NN</em> must be replaced with the current minor version
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number, and <em>PREFIX</em> must be replaced with the
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filesystem path under which the server should be installed. If
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<em>PREFIX</em> is not specified, it defaults to
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<code>/usr/local/apache2</code>.</p>
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<p>Each section of the compilation and installation process is
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described in more detail below, beginning with the requirements
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for compiling and installing Apache HTTPD.</p>
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<h3><a id="requirements"
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name="requirements">Requirements</a></h3>
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<p>The following requirements exist for building Apache:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Disk Space<br />
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<br />
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Make sure you have at least 50 MB of temporary free disk
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space available. After installation Apache occupies
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approximately 10 MB of disk space. The actual disk space
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requirements will vary considerably based on your chosen
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configuration options and any third-party modules.<br />
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<br />
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</li>
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<li>ANSI-C Compiler and Build System<br />
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<br />
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Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The <a
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href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc.html">GNU C
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compiler (GCC)</a> from the <a
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href="http://www.gnu.org/">Free Software Foundation (FSF)</a>
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is recommended (version 2.7.2 is fine). If you don't have GCC
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then at least make sure your vendor's compiler is ANSI
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compliant. In addition, your <code>PATH</code> must contain
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basic build tools such as <code>make</code>.<br />
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<br />
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</li>
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<li>Accurate time keeping<br />
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<br />
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Elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time of
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day. So, it's time to investigate setting some time
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synchronization facility on your system. Usually the ntpdate
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or xntpd programs are used for this purpose which are based
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on the Network Time Protocol (NTP). See the Usenet newsgroup
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<a
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href="news:comp.protocols.time.ntp">comp.protocols.time.ntp</a>
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and the <a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">NTP
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homepage</a> for more details about NTP software and public
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time servers.<br />
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<br />
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</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl 5</a>
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[OPTIONAL]<br />
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<br />
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For some of the support scripts like <a
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href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a> or <a
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href="programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a> (which are
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written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions
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5.003 and 5.004 are fine). If no such interpreter is found by
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the `configure' script there is no harm. Of course, you still
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can build and install Apache 2.0. Only those support scripts
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cannot be used. If you have multiple Perl interpreters
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installed (perhaps a Perl 4 from the vendor and a Perl 5 from
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your own), then it is recommended to use the --with-perl
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option (see below) to make sure the correct one is selected
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by ./configure.<br />
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<br />
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a id="download" name="download">Download</a></h3>
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<p>Apache can be downloaded from the <a
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href="http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/">Apache Software
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Foundation download site</a> or from a <a
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href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi">nearby
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mirror</a>.</p>
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<p>Version numbers that end in <code>alpha</code> indicate
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early pre-test versions which may or may not work. Version
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numbers ending in <code>beta</code> indicate more reliable
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releases that still require further testing or bug fixing. If
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you wish to download the best available production release of
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the Apache HTTP Server, you should choose the latest version
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with neither <code>alpha</code> nor <code>beta</code> in its
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filename.</p>
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<p>After downloading, especially if a mirror site is used, it
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is important to verify that you have a complete and unmodified
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version of the Apache HTTP Server. This can be accomplished by
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testing the downloaded tarball against the PGP signature. This,
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in turn, is a two step procedure. First, you must obtain the
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<code>KEYS</code> file from the <a
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href="http://www.apache.org/dist/">Apache distribution
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site</a>. (To assure that the <code>KEYS</code> file itself has
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not been modified, it may be a good idea to use a file from a
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previous distribution of Apache or import the keys from a
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public key server.) The keys are imported into your personal
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key ring using one of the following commands (depending on your
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pgp version):</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ pgp < KEYS</code>
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</blockquote>
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or
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ gpg --import KEYS</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The next step is to test the tarball against the PGP
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signature, which should always be obtained from the <a
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href="http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd">main Apache
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website</a>. The signature file has a filename identical to the
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source tarball with the addition of <code>.asc</code>. Then you
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can check the distribution with one of the following commands
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(again, depending on your pgp version):</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ pgp httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz.asc</code>
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</blockquote>
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or
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ gpg --verify httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz.asc</code>
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</blockquote>
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You should receive a message like<br />
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<br />
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<blockquote>
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<code>Good signature from user "Martin Kraemer
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<martin@apache.org>".</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Depending on the trust relationships contained in your key
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ring, you may also receive a message saying that the
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relationship between the key and the signer of the key cannot
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be verified. This is not a problem if you trust the
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authenticity of the <code>KEYS</code> file.</p>
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<h3><a id="extract" name="extract">Extract</a></h3>
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<p>Extracting the source from the Apache HTTPD tarball is a
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simple matter of uncompressing, and then untarring:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ gzip -d httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar.gz<br />
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$ tar xvf httpd-2_0_<em>NN</em>.tar</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>This will create a new directory under the current directory
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containing the source code for the distribution. You should
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<code>cd</code> into that directory before proceeding with
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compiling the server.</p>
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<h3><a id="configure" name="configure">Configuring the source
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tree</a></h3>
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<p>The next step is to configure the Apache source tree for
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your particular platform and personal requirements. This is
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done using the script <code>configure</code> included in the
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root directory of the distribution. (Developers downloading the
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CVS version of the Apache source tree will need to have
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<code>autoconf</code> and <code>libtool</code> installed and
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will need to run <code>buildconf</code> before proceeding with
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the next steps. This is not necessary for official
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releases.)</p>
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<p>To configure the source tree using all the default options,
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simply type <code>./configure</code>. To change the default
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options, <code>configure</code> accepts a variety of variables
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and command line options. Environment variables are generally
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placed before the <code>./configure</code> command, while other
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options are placed after. The most important option here is the
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location prefix where Apache is to be installed later, because
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Apache has to be configured for this location to work
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correctly. But there are a lot of other options available for
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your pleasure.</p>
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<p>For a short impression of what possibilities you have, here
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is a typical example which compiles Apache for the installation
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tree /sw/pkg/apache with a particular compiler and flags plus
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the two additional modules mod_rewrite and mod_speling for
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later loading through the DSO mechanism:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>$ CC="pgcc" CFLAGS="-O2" \<br />
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./configure --prefix=/sw/pkg/apache \<br />
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--enable-rewrite=shared \<br />
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--enable-speling=shared</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>When configure is run it will take several minutes to test
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for the availability of features on your system and build
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Makefiles which will later be used to compile the server.</p>
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<p>The easiest way to find all of the configuration flags for
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Apache is to run ./configure --help. What follows is a brief
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description of most of the arguments and environment
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variables.</p>
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<h4><a id="environment" name="environment">Environment
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Variables</a></h4>
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<p>The autoconf build process uses several environment
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variables to configure the build environment. In general, these
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variables change the method used to build Apache, but not the
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eventual features of the server. These variables can be placed
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in the environment before invoking <code>configure</code>, but
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it is usually easier to specify them on the
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<code>configure</code> command line as demonstrated in the
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example above.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>CC=...</code></dt>
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<dd>The name of the C compiler command.</dd>
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<dt><code>CPPFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Miscellaneous C preprocessor and compiler options.</dd>
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<dt><code>CFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Debugging and optimization options for the C
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compiler.</dd>
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<dt><code>LDFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Miscellaneous options to be passed to the linker.</dd>
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<dt><code>LIBS=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Library location information ("-L" and "-l" options) to
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pass to the linker.</dd>
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<dt><code>INCLUDES=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Header file search directories ("-I<em>dir</em>").</dd>
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<dt><code>TARGET=...</code> [Default: apache]</dt>
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<dd>Name of the executable which will be built.</dd>
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<dt><code>NOTEST_CPPFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dt><code>NOTEST_CFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dt><code>NOTEST_LDFLAGS=...</code></dt>
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<dt><code>NOTEST_LIBS=...</code></dt>
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<dd>These variables share the same function as their
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non-NOTEST namesakes. However, the variables are applied to
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the build process only after autoconf has performed its
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feature testing. This allows the inclusion of flags which
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will cause problems during feature testing, but must be used
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for the final compilation.</dd>
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<dt><code>SHLIB_PATH=...</code></dt>
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<dd>Options which specify shared library paths for the
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compiler and linker.</dd>
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</dl>
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<h4><a id="output" name="output">autoconf Output
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Options</a></h4>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
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<dd>Prints the usage message including all available options,
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but does not actually configure anything.</dd>
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<dt><code>--quiet</code></dt>
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<dd>Prevents the printing of the usual "checking..."
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messages.</dd>
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<dt><code>--verbose</code></dt>
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<dd>Prints much more information during the configuration
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process, including the names of all the files examined.</dd>
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</dl>
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<h4><a id="pathnames" name="pathnames">Pathnames</a></h4>
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<p>There are currently two ways to configure the pathnames
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under which Apache will install its files. First, you can
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specify a directory and have Apache install itself under that
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directory in its default locations.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--prefix=<em>PREFIX</em></code> [Default:
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/usr/local/apache2]</dt>
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<dd>Specifies the directory under which the Apache files will
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be installed.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>It is possible to specify that architecture-dependent files
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should be placed under a different directory.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--exec-prefix=<em>EPREFIX</em></code> [Default:
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<em>PREFIX</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Specifies the directory under which
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architecture-dependent files will be placed.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The second, and more flexible way to configure the install
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path locations for Apache is using the
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<code>config.layout</code> file. Using this method, it is
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possible to separately specify the location for each type of
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file within the Apache installation. The
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<code>config.layout</code> file contains several example
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configurations, and you can also create your own custom
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configuration following the examples. The different layouts in
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this file are grouped into <code><Layout
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FOO>...</Layout></code> sections and referred to by
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name as in <code>FOO</code>.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--enable-layout=<em>LAYOUT</em></code></dt>
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<dd>Use the named layout in the <code>config.layout</code>
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file to specify the installation paths.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Presently it is not possible to mix the
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<code>--enable-layout</code> and <code>--prefix</code> options.
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Nor is it possible to individually specify detailed pathnames
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on the <code>configure</code> command line. If you want just a
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basic install, you can simply use the <code>--prefix</code>
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option on its own. If you want to customize your install, you
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should edit the <code>config.layout</code> file and use the
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<code>--enable-layout</code> option.</p>
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<h4><a id="modules" name="modules">Modules</a></h4>
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<p>Apache is a modular server. Only the most basic
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functionality is included in the core server. Extended features
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are available in various modules. During the configuration
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process, you must select which modules to compile for use with
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your server. You can view a <a
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href="mod/index-bytype.html">list of modules</a> included in
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the documentation. Those modules with a <a
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href="mod/module-dict.html#Status">status</a> of "Base" are
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included by default and must be specifically disabled if you do
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not want them. Modules with any other status must be
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specifically enabled if you wish to use them.</p>
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<p>There are two ways for a module to be compiled and used with
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Apache. Modules may be <em>statically compiled</em>, which
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means that they are permanently included in the Apache binary.
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Alternatively, if your operating system supports Dynamic Shared
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Objects (DSOs) and autoconf can detect that support, then
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modules may be <em>dynamically compiled</em>. DSO modules are
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stored separately from the Apache binary, and may be included
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or excluded from the server using the run-time configuration
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directives provided by <a href="mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a>.
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The mod_so is automatically included in the server if any
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dynamic modules are included in the compilation. If you would
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like to make your server capable of loading DSOs without
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actually compiling any dynamic modules, you can explicitly
|
|
<code>--enable-so</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-<em>MODULE</em>[=shared]</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Compile and include the module <em>MODULE</em>. The
|
|
identifier <em>MODULE</em> is the <a
|
|
href="mod/module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module
|
|
Identifier</a> from the module documentation without the
|
|
"_module" string. To compile the module as a DSO, add the
|
|
option <code>=shared</code>.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-<em>MODULE</em></code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Remove the module <em>MODULE</em> which would otherwise
|
|
be compiled and included.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-modules=<em>MODULE-LIST</em></code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Compile and include the modules listed in the
|
|
space-separated <em>MODULE-LIST</em>.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code>--enable-mods-shared=<em>MODULE-LIST</em></code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Compile and include the modules in the space-separated
|
|
<em>MODULE-LIST</em> as dynamically loadable (DSO)
|
|
modules.</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <em>MODULE-LIST</em> in the
|
|
<code>--enable-modules</code> and
|
|
<code>--enable-mods-shared</code> options is usually a
|
|
space-separated list of module identifiers. For example, to
|
|
enable mod_dav and mod_info, you can either use</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>./configure --enable-dav --enable-info</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>or, equivalently,</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>./configure --enable-modules="dav info"</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>In addition, the special keywords <code>all</code> or
|
|
<code>most</code> can be used to add all or most of the modules
|
|
in one step. You can then remove any modules that you do not
|
|
want with the <code>--disable-<em>MODULE</em></code> option.
|
|
For example, to include all modules as DSOs with the exception
|
|
of mod_info, you can use</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>./configure --enable-mods-shared=all
|
|
--disable-info</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>In addition to the standard set of modules, Apache 2.0 also
|
|
includes a choice of <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing
|
|
Modules</a> (MPMs). One, and only one MPM must be included in
|
|
the compilation process. The default MPMs for each platform are
|
|
listed on the <a href="mpm.html">MPM documentation page</a>,
|
|
but can be overridden on the <code>configure</code> command
|
|
line.</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>--with-mpm=<em>NAME</em></code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>Choose the mpm <em>NAME</em>.</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a id="suexec" name="suexec">Suexec</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Apache includes a support program called <a
|
|
href="suexec.html">suexec</a> which can be used to isolate user
|
|
CGI programs. However, if suexec is improperly configured, it
|
|
can cause serious security problems. Therefore, you should
|
|
carefully read and consider the <a href="suexec.html">suexec
|
|
documentation</a> before implementing this feature.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="compile" name="compile">Build</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Now you can build the various parts which form the Apache
|
|
package by simply running the command:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>$ make</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Please be patient here, since a base configuration takes
|
|
approximately 3 minutes to compile under a Pentium III/Linux
|
|
2.2 system, but this will vary widely depending on your
|
|
hardware and the number of modules which you have enabled.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="install" name="install">Install</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Now its time to install the package under the configured
|
|
installation <em>PREFIX</em> (see <code>--prefix</code> option
|
|
above) by running:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>$ make install</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you are upgrading, the installation will not overwrite
|
|
your configuration files or documents.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="customize" name="customize">Customize</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Next, you can customize your Apache HTTP server by editing
|
|
the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> under
|
|
<em>PREFIX</em>/conf/.</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>$ vi <em>PREFIX</em>/conf/httpd.conf</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Have a look at the Apache manual under <a
|
|
href="./">docs/manual/</a> or <a
|
|
href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">http://httpd.apache.org/docs/</a>
|
|
for a complete reference of available <a
|
|
href="mod/directives.html">configuration directives</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="test" name="test">Test</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Now you can <a href="invoking.html">start</a> your Apache
|
|
HTTP server by immediately running:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl start</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>and then you should be able to request your first document
|
|
via URL http://localhost/. The web page you see is located
|
|
under the <a href="mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a>
|
|
which will usually be <code><em>PREFIX</em>/htdocs/</code>.
|
|
Then <a href="stopping.html">stop</a> the server again by
|
|
running:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<code>$ <em>PREFIX</em>/bin/apachectl stop</code>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|