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2e269fe229
Clean up confusion over which directives can go in <VirtualHost> git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@86235 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
135 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
135 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<BODY
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#000080"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</H1>
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<STRONG>See also:</STRONG>
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<A HREF="name-based.html">Name-based Virtual Hosts Support</A>
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<HR>
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<H2>System requirements</H2>
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As the term <CITE>IP-based</CITE> indicates, the server <STRONG>must have a
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different IP address for each IP-based virtual host</STRONG>.
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This can be achieved by the machine having several physical network connections,
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or by use of virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern
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operating systems (see system documentation for details, these are
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frequently called "ip aliases", and the "ifconfig" command
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is most commonly used to set them up).
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<H2>How to set up Apache</H2>
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There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple hosts.
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Either by running a separate httpd daemon for each hostname, or by running a
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single daemon which supports all the virtual hosts.
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<P>
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Use multiple daemons when:
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<UL>
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<LI>There are security partitioning issues, such as company1 does not want
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anyone at company2 to be able to read their data except via the web.
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In this case you would need two daemons, each running with different
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#user">User</A>,
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#group">Group</A>,
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen">Listen</A>, and
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A> settings.
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<LI>You can afford the memory and
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<A HREF="../misc/descriptors.html">file descriptor requirements</A> of
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listening to every IP alias on the machine. It's only possible to
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen">Listen</A>
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to the "wildcard" address, or to specific addresses. So if you have
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a need to listen to a specific address for whatever reason, then you
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will need to listen to all specific addresses. (Although one httpd
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could listen to N-1 of the addresses, and another could listen to
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the remaining address.)
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</UL>
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Use a single daemon when:
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<UL>
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<LI>Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts is acceptable.
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<LI>The machine services a large number of requests, and so the performance
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loss in running separate daemons may be significant.
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</UL>
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<H2>Setting up multiple daemons</H2>
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Create a separate httpd installation for each virtual host.
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For each installation, use the
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#listen">Listen</A> directive in the configuration
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file to select which IP address (or virtual host) that daemon services.
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e.g.
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<PRE>
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Listen www.smallco.com:80
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</PRE>
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It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
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(see <A HREF="../dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</A>).
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<H2>Setting up a single daemon with virtual hosts</H2>
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For this case, a single httpd will service requests for the main server
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and all the virtual hosts.
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The <A HREF="../mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</A> directive in the
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configuration file is used to set the values of
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</A>,
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</A>,
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</A>,
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</A> and
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</A> or
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</A>
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configuration directives to different values for each virtual host.
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e.g.
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<PRE>
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<VirtualHost www.smallco.com>
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ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.smallco.com
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DocumentRoot /groups/smallco/www
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ServerName www.smallco.com
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ErrorLog /groups/smallco/logs/error_log
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TransferLog /groups/smallco/logs/access_log
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost www.baygroup.org>
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ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.baygroup.org
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DocumentRoot /groups/baygroup/www
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ServerName www.baygroup.org
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ErrorLog /groups/baygroup/logs/error_log
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TransferLog /groups/baygroup/logs/access_log
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</VirtualHost>
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</PRE>
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It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
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(see <A HREF="../dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</A>).
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<P>
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Almost <STRONG>any</STRONG> configuration directive can be put in the
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VirtualHost directive, with the exception of directives that control
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process creation and a few other directives. To find out if a
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directive can be used in the VirtualHost directive, check the
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<A HREF="../mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</A> using the
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<A HREF="../mod/directives.html">directive index</A>.
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<P>
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#user">User</A> and
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<A HREF="../mod/core.html#group">Group</A> may be used inside a VirtualHost
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directive if the <A HREF="../suexec.html">suEXEC wrapper</A> is used.
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<P>
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<EM>SECURITY:</EM> When specifying where to write log files, be aware
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of some security risks which are present if anyone other than the
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user that starts Apache has write access to the directory where they
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are written. See the <A HREF="../misc/security_tips.html">security
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tips</A> document for details.
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</P>
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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