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723 lines
21 KiB
HTML
723 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>VirtualHost Examples</title>
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</head>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#000080"
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alink="#FF0000">
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="center">Virtual Host examples for common setups</h1>
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<p>This document attempts to answer the commonly-asked questions about
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setting up virtual hosts. These scenarios are those involving multiple
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web sites running on a single server, via <a
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href="name-based.html">name-based</a> or <a
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href="ip-based.html">IP-based</a> virtual hosts. A document should be
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coming soon about running sites on several servers behind a single
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proxy server.</p>
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<h2>Examples</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#purename">Running several name-based web sites on
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a single IP address.</a></li>
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<li><a href="#twoips">Name-based hosts on more than one IP
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address.</a></li>
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<li><a href="#intraextra">Serving the same content on different IP
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addresses (such as an internal and external address).</a></li>
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<li><a href="#port">Running different sites on different
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ports.</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ip">IP-based virtual hosting</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ipport">Mixed port-based and ip-based virtual
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hosts</a></li>
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<li><a href="#mixed">Mixed name-based and IP-based vhosts</a></li>
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</ul>
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<!--
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<h2>Common problems</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>mixing * ports and non-* ports with a NameVirtualHost address
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is not supported, proceeding with undefined results</li>
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<li>No matter what hostname I use, I'm getting the main server (or
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first vhost)</li>
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<li>I'm trying to use SSL on my virtual host, and I'm getting the
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wrong site</li>
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</ul>
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-->
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<h2>Additional features</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#default">Using <code>_default_</code> vhosts</a></li>
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<li><a href="#migrate">Migrating a named-based vhost to an IP-based
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vhost</a></li>
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<li><a href="#serverpath">Using the <code>ServerPath</code>
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directive</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="purename" name="purename">Running several name-based web
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sites on a single IP address.</a></h3>
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<a id="name" name="name"><!-- Anchor for backward compatibility with
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the previous version of this document. However, using * rather than
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the IP address will always work in a single-IP-address scenario, and
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tends to confuse people a little less anyways. --></a>
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<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
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<p>Your server has a single IP address, and multiple aliases (CNAMES)
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point to this machine in DNS. You want to run a web server for
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<samp>www.example1.com</samp> and <samp>www.example2.org</samp> on this
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machine.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#e0e5f5"><strong>Note:</strong> Creating virtual
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host configurations on your Apache server does not magically
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cause DNS entries to be created for those host names. You
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<em>must</em> have the names in DNS, resolving to your IP
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address, or nobody else will be able to see your web site. You
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can put entries in your <samp>hosts</samp> file for local
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testing, but that will work only from the machine with those
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hosts entries.</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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# Ensure that Apache listens on port 80
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Listen 80
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# Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses
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NameVirtualHost *
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<VirtualHost *>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1
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ServerName www.example1.com
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# Other directives here
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost *>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2
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ServerName www.example2.org
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# Other directives here
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The asterisks match all addresses, so the main server serves no
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requests. Due to the fact that <samp>www.example1.com</samp> is first
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in the configuration file, it has the highest priority and can be seen
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as the <cite>default</cite> or <cite>primary</cite> server. That means
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that if a request is received that does not match one of the specified
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<samp>ServerName</samp> directives, it will be served by this first
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<samp>VirtualHost</samp>.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#e0e5f5">
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<strong>Note:</strong>
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<p>You can, if you wish, replace <code>*</code> with the actual
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IP address of the system. In that case, the argument to
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<code>VirtualHost</code> <em>must</em> match the argument to
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<code>NameVirtualHost</code>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
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# etc ...
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>However, it is additionally useful to use <code>*</code>
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on systems where the IP address is not predictable - for
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example if you have a dynamic IP address with your ISP, and
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you are using some variety of dynamic DNS solution. Since
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<code>*</code> matches any IP address, this configuration
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would work without changes whenever your IP address
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changes.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The above configuration is what you will want to use in almost
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all name-based virtual hosting situations. The only think that this
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configuration will not work for, in fact, is when you are serving
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different content based on differing IP addresses or ports.</p>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="twoips" name="twoips">Name-based hosts on more than one
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IP address.</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#e0e5f5"><strong>Note:</strong> Any of the
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techniques discussed here can be extended to any number of IP
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addresses.</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<strong>Setup 1:</strong>
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<p>The server has two IP addresses. On one (<samp>172.20.30.40</samp>), we
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will serve the "main" server, <samp>server.domain.com</samp> and on the
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other (<samp>172.20.30.50</samp>), we will serve two or more virtual hosts.</p>
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<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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# This is the "main" server running on 172.20.30.40
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ServerName server.domain.com
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DocumentRoot /www/mainserver
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# This is the other address
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NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.50
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1
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ServerName www.example1.com
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# Other directives here ...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2
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ServerName www.example2.org
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# Other directives here ...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Any request to an address other than <samp>172.20.30.50</samp> will be
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served from the main server. A request to <samp>172.20.30.50</samp> with an
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unknown hostname, or no <code>Host:</code> header, will be served from
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<samp>www.example1.com</samp>.</p>
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<h3><a id="intraextra" name="intraextra">Serving the same content on
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different IP addresses (such as an internal and external
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|
address).</a></h3>
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<strong>Setup:</strong>
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<p>The server machine has two IP addresses (<samp>192.168.1.1</samp>
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and <samp>172.20.30.40</samp>). The machine is sitting between an
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internal (intranet) network and an external (internet) network. Outside
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of the network, the name <samp>server.example.com</samp> resolves to
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the external address (<samp>172.20.30.40</samp>), but inside the
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network, that same name resolves to the internal address
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(<samp>192.168.1.1</samp>).</p>
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<p>The server can be made to respond to internal and external requests
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with the same content, with just one <code>VirtualHost</code>
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section.</p>
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<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.1
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NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40
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<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1 172.20.30.40>
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DocumentRoot /www/server1
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ServerName server.example.com
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ServerAlias server
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Now requests from both networks will be served from the same
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<code>VirtualHost</code>.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#e0e5f5">
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<p><strong>Note:</strong> On the internal
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network, one can just use the name <code>server</code> rather
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than the fully qualified host name
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<code>server.example.com</code>.</p>
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<p>Note also that, in the above example, you can replace the list
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of IP addresses with <code>*</code>, which will cause the server to
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respond the same on all addresses.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="port" name="port">Running different sites on different
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ports.</a></h3>
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<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
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<p>You have multiple domains going to the same IP and also want to
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serve multiple ports. By defining the ports in the "NameVirtualHost"
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tag, you can allow this to work. If you try using <VirtualHost
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name:port> without the NameVirtualHost name:port or you try to use
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the Listen directive, your configuration will not work.</p>
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<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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Listen 8080
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NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80
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NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40:8080
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80>
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ServerName www.example1.com
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DocumentRoot /www/domain-80
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:8080>
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ServerName www.example1.com
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DocumentRoot /www/domain-8080
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80>
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ServerName www.example2.org
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain-80
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:8080>
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ServerName www.example2.org
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain-8080
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="ip" name="ip">IP-based virtual hosting</a></h3>
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<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
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<p>The server has two IP addresses (<samp>172.20.30.40</samp> and
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<samp>172.20.30.50</samp>) which resolve to the names
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<samp>www.example1.com</samp> and <samp>www.example2.org</samp>
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respectively.</p>
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<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1
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ServerName www.example1.com
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2
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ServerName www.example2.org
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Requests for any address not specified in one of the
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<samp><VirtualHost></samp> directives (such as
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<samp>localhost</samp>, for example) will go to the main server, if
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there is one.</p>
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<hr />
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<h3><a id="ipport" name="ipport">Mixed port-based and ip-based
|
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virtual hosts</a></h3>
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<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
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<p>The server machine has two IP addresses (<samp>172.20.30.40</samp> and
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<samp>172.20.30.50</samp>) which resolve to the names
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<samp>www.example1.com</samp> and <samp>www.example2.org</samp>
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respectively. In each case, we want to run hosts on ports 80 and
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8080.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="10">
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<tr>
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<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
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<pre>
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Listen 172.20.30.40:80
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Listen 172.20.30.40:8080
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Listen 172.20.30.50:80
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Listen 172.20.30.50:8080
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1-80
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ServerName www.example1.com
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40:8080>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1-8080
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ServerName www.example1.com
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2-80
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ServerName www.example1.org
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50:8080>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2-8080
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ServerName www.example2.org
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
|
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</blockquote>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="mixed" name="mixed">Mixed name-based and IP-based
|
|
vhosts</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>On some of my addresses, I want to do name-based virtual hosts, and
|
|
on others, IP-based hosts.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
Listen 80
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|
NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
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DocumentRoot /www/example1
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ServerName www.example1.com
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
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DocumentRoot /www/example2
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ServerName www.example2.org
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</VirtualHost>
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|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
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DocumentRoot /www/example3
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ServerName www.example3.net
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</VirtualHost>
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# IP-based
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
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DocumentRoot /www/example4
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ServerName www.example4.edu
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 172.20.30.60>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/example5
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ServerName www.example5.gov
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</VirtualHost>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="default" name="default">Using <code>_default_</code>
|
|
vhosts</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup 1:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Catching <em>every</em> request to any unspecified IP address and
|
|
port, <em>i.e.</em>, an address/port combination that is not used for
|
|
any other virtual host.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<VirtualHost _default_:*>
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|
DocumentRoot /www/default
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</VirtualHost>
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|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Using such a default vhost with a wildcard port effectively prevents
|
|
any request going to the main server.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A default vhost never serves a request that was sent to an
|
|
address/port that is used for name-based vhosts. If the request
|
|
contained an unknown or no <code>Host:</code> header it is always
|
|
served from the primary name-based vhost (the vhost for that
|
|
address/port appearing first in the configuration file).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can use <a
|
|
href="../mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch"><code>AliasMatch</code></a> or
|
|
<a
|
|
href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteRule"><code>RewriteRule</code></a>
|
|
to rewrite any request to a single information page (or script).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup 2:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Same as setup 1, but the server listens on several ports and we want
|
|
to use a second <code>_default_</code> vhost for port 80.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/default80
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost _default_:*>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/default
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>The default vhost for port 80 (which <em>must</em> appear before any
|
|
default vhost with a wildcard port) catches all requests that were sent
|
|
to an unspecified IP address. The main server is never used to serve a
|
|
request.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup 3:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>We want to have a default vhost for port 80, but no other default
|
|
vhosts.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/default
|
|
...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>A request to an unspecified address on port 80 is served from the
|
|
default vhost any other request to an unspecified address and port is
|
|
served from the main server.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="migrate" name="migrate">Migrating a name-based vhost to an
|
|
IP-based vhost</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The name-based vhost with the hostname
|
|
<samp>www.example2.org</samp> (from our <a
|
|
href="#name">name-based</a> example, setup 2) should get its own IP
|
|
address. To avoid problems with name servers or proxies who cached the
|
|
old IP address for the name-based vhost we want to provide both
|
|
variants during a migration phase.<br />
|
|
The solution is easy, because we can simply add the new IP address
|
|
(<samp>172.20.30.50</samp>) to the <code>VirtualHost</code>
|
|
directive.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
Listen 80
|
|
ServerName www.example1.com
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/example1
|
|
|
|
NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40 172.20.30.50>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/example2
|
|
ServerName www.example2.org
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/example3
|
|
ServerName www.example3.net
|
|
ServerAlias *.example3.net
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>The vhost can now be accessed through the new address (as an
|
|
IP-based vhost) and through the old address (as a name-based
|
|
vhost).</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
<h3><a id="serverpath" name="serverpath">Using the
|
|
<code>ServerPath</code> directive</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>We have a server with two name-based vhosts. In order to match the
|
|
correct virtual host a client must send the correct <code>Host:</code>
|
|
header. Old HTTP/1.0 clients do not send such a header and Apache has
|
|
no clue what vhost the client tried to reach (and serves the request
|
|
from the primary vhost). To provide as much backward compatibility as
|
|
possible we create a primary vhost which returns a single page
|
|
containing links with an URL prefix to the name-based virtual
|
|
hosts.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Server configuration:</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="10">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#eeeeee">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.40
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
|
|
# primary vhost
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^/.* /www/subdomain/index.html
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub1
|
|
ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
|
|
ServerPath /sub1/
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^(/sub1/.*) /www/subdomain$1
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost 172.20.30.40>
|
|
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub2
|
|
ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
|
|
ServerPath /sub2/
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteRule ^(/sub2/.*) /www/subdomain$1
|
|
# ...
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Due to the <a
|
|
href="../mod/core.html#serverpath"><code>ServerPath</code></a>
|
|
directive a request to the URL
|
|
<samp>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/sub1/</samp> is <em>always</em> served
|
|
from the sub1-vhost.<br />
|
|
A request to the URL <samp>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/</samp> is only
|
|
served from the sub1-vhost if the client sent a correct
|
|
<code>Host:</code> header. If no <code>Host:</code> header is sent the
|
|
client gets the information page from the primary host.<br />
|
|
Please note that there is one oddity: A request to
|
|
<samp>http://www.sub2.domain.tld/sub1/</samp> is also served from the
|
|
sub1-vhost if the client sent no <code>Host:</code> header.<br />
|
|
The <code>RewriteRule</code> directives are used to make sure that a
|
|
client which sent a correct <code>Host:</code> header can use both URL
|
|
variants, <em>i.e.</em>, with or without URL prefix.</p>
|
|
<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|