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Submitted by: Tony Finch <fanf@demon.net> Reviewed by: Dean, Randy, Jim, Lars, Martin Obtained from: Add the new mod_vhost_alias.c modules for better mass-hosting. This has been used at Demon Internet with excellent results and basically replaces the "old" method of using mod_rewrite. Big advantage is that adding new vhosts can be done without restarting the server. git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@83357 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
451 lines
15 KiB
HTML
451 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Apache module mod_log_config</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<BODY
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Module mod_log_config</H1>
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<P>
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This module is contained in the <CODE>mod_log_config.c</CODE> file,
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and is compiled in by default in Apache 1.2. mod_log_config replaces
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mod_log_common in Apache 1.2. Prior to version 1.2, mod_log_config was
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an optional module. It provides for logging of the requests made to
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the server, using the Common Log Format or a user-specified format.
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</P>
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<H2>Summary</H2>
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<P>
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Three directives are provided by this module: <CODE>TransferLog</CODE>
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to create a log file, <CODE>LogFormat</CODE> to set a custom format,
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and <CODE>CustomLog</CODE> to define a log file and format in one go.
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The <CODE>TransferLog</CODE> and <CODE>CustomLog</CODE> directives can
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be used multiple times in each server to cause each request to be
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logged to multiple files.
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</P>
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<H3>Compatibility notes</H3>
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<UL>
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<LI>This module is based on mod_log_config distributed with
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previous Apache releases, now updated to handle multiple logs.
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There is now no need to re-configure Apache to use configuration log
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formats.
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<LI>The module also implements the <CODE>CookieLog</CODE> directive,
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used to log user-tracking information created by <A
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HREF="mod_usertrack.html">mod_usertrack</A>. The use of
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<CODE>CookieLog</CODE> is deprecated, and a <CODE>CustomLog</CODE>
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should be defined to log user-tracking information instead.
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<LI>As of Apache 1.3.5, this module allows conditional logging
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based upon the setting of environment variables. That is,
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you can control whether a request should be logged or not
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based upon whether an arbitrary environment variable is
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defined or not. This is settable on a <EM>per</EM>-logfile
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basis.
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<LI>Beginning with Apache 1.3.5, the mod_log_config module has
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also subsumed the <CODE>RefererIgnore</CODE> functionality from
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<A HREF="mod_log_referer.html">mod_log_referer</A>. The effect
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of <CODE>RefererIgnore</CODE> can be achieved by combinations of
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<A HREF="mod_setenvif.html"><CODE>SetEnvIf</CODE></A> directives
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and conditional <CODE>CustomLog</CODE> definitions.
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</UL>
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<H2>Log File Formats</H2>
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Unless told otherwise with <TT>LogFormat</TT> the log files created by
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<TT>TransferLog</TT> will be in standard "Common Log Format"
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(CLF). The contents of each line in a CLF file are explained
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below. Alternatively, the log file can be customized (and if multiple
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log files are used, each can have a different format). Custom formats
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are set with <CODE>LogFormat</CODE> and <CODE>CustomLog</CODE>.
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<H3>Common Log Format</H3>
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The Common Log Format (CLF) file contains a separate line for each
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request. A line is composed of several tokens separated by spaces:
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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host ident authuser date request status bytes
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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If a token does not have a value then it is represented by a hyphen (-).
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The meanings and values of these tokens are as follows:
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<DL>
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<DT>host
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<DD>The fully-qualified domain name of the client, or its IP number if the
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name is not available.
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<DT>ident
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<DD>If <A HREF="core.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</A> is enabled and the
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client machine runs identd, then this is the identity information reported
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by the client.
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<DT>authuser
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<DD>If the request was for an password protected document, then this is
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the userid used in the request.
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<DT>date
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<DD>The date and time of the request, in the following format:
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<DL><DD><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE> date = [day/month/year:hour:minute:second zone] <BR>
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day = 2*digit<BR>
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month = 3*letter<BR>
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year = 4*digit<BR>
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hour = 2*digit<BR>
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minute = 2*digit<BR>
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second = 2*digit<BR>
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zone = (`+' | `-') 4*digit</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></DL>
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<DT>request
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<DD>The request line from the client, enclosed in double quotes
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(<CODE>"</CODE>).
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<DT>status
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<DD>The three digit status code returned to the client.
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<DT>bytes
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<DD>The number of bytes in the object returned to the client, not including
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any headers.
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</DL>
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<H3><A NAME="formats">Custom Log Formats</A></H3>
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The format argument to the <CODE>LogFormat</CODE> and
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<CODE>CustomLog</CODE> is a string. This string is logged to the log
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file for each request. It can contain literal characters copied into
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the log files, and `%' directives which are replaced in the log file
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by the values as follows:
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<PRE>
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%...b: Bytes sent, excluding HTTP headers.
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%...f: Filename
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%...{FOOBAR}e: The contents of the environment variable FOOBAR
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%...h: Remote host
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%...a: Remote IP-address
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%...A: Local IP-address
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%...{Foobar}i: The contents of Foobar: header line(s) in the request
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sent to the server.
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%...l: Remote logname (from identd, if supplied)
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%...{Foobar}n: The contents of note "Foobar" from another module.
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%...{Foobar}o: The contents of Foobar: header line(s) in the reply.
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%...p: The canonical Port of the server serving the request
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%...P: The process ID of the child that serviced the request.
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%...r: First line of request
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%...s: Status. For requests that got internally redirected, this
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is status of the *original* request --- %...>s for the last.
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%...t: Time, in common log format time format (standard english format)
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%...{format}t: The time, in the form given by format, which should
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be in strftime(3) format. (potentially localised)
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%...T: The time taken to serve the request, in seconds.
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%...u: Remote user (from auth; may be bogus if return status (%s) is 401)
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%...U: The URL path requested.
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%...v: The canonical ServerName of the server serving the request.
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%...V: The server name according to the UseCanonicalName setting.
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</PRE>
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The `...' can be nothing at all (<EM>e.g.</EM>, <CODE>"%h %u %r %s %b"</CODE>), or it can
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indicate conditions for inclusion of the item (which will cause it
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to be replaced with `-' if the condition is not met). Note that
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there is no escaping performed on the strings from %r, %...i and
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%...o; some with long memories may remember that I thought this was
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a bad idea, once upon a time, and I'm still not comfortable with
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it, but it is difficult to see how to `do the right thing' with all
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of `%..i', unless we URL-escape everything and break with CLF.
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<P>
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The forms of condition are a list of HTTP status codes, which may
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or may not be preceded by `!'. Thus, `%400,501{User-agent}i' logs
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User-agent: on 400 errors and 501 errors (Bad Request, Not
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Implemented) only; `%!200,304,302{Referer}i' logs Referer: on all
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requests which did <STRONG>not</STRONG> return some sort of normal status.
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<P>
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Note that the common log format is defined by the string <CODE>"%h %l
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%u %t \"%r\" %s %b"</CODE>, which can be used as the basis for
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extending for format if desired (<EM>e.g.</EM>, to add extra fields at the end).
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NCSA's extended/combined log format would be <CODE>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\""</CODE>.
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<P>
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Note that the canonical <A HREF="core.html#servername">ServerName</A>
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and <A HREF="core.html#port">Port</A> of the server serving the request
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are used for <CODE>%v</CODE> and <CODE>%p</CODE> respectively. This
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happens regardless of the
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<A HREF="core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</A> setting because
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otherwise log analysis programs would have to duplicate the entire
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vhost matching algorithm in order to decide what host really served
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the request.
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<H2>Using Multiple Log Files</H2>
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The <CODE>TransferLog</CODE> and <CODE>CustomLog</CODE> directives can
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be given more than once to log requests to multiple log files. Each
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request will be logged to all the log files defined by either of these
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directives.
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<H3>Use with Virtual Hosts</H3>
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If a <VirtualHost> section does not contain any
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<TT>TransferLog</TT> or <TT>CustomLog</TT> directives, the
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logs defined for the main server will be used. If it does
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contain one or more of these directives, requests serviced by
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this virtual host will only be logged in the log files defined
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within its definition, not in any of the main server's log files.
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See the examples below.
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<P>
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<H2>Security Considerations</H2>
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See the <A HREF="../misc/security_tips.html#security">security tips</A>
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document for details on why your security could be compromised if the
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directory where logfiles are stored is writable by anyone other than
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the user that starts the server.
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<P>
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<H2>Directives</H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#cookielog">CookieLog</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#customlog">CustomLog</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#customlog-conditional">CustomLog (conditional)</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#logformat">LogFormat</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#transferlog">TransferLog</A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="cookielog">CookieLog</A></H2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt CookieLog} directive> -->
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> CookieLog <EM>filename</EM><BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> server config, virtual host<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_cookies<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Compatibility:</STRONG></A> Only available in Apache 1.2 and above<P>
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The CookieLog directive sets the filename for logging of cookies.
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The filename is relative to the <A
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HREF="core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A>. This directive is included
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only for compatibility with
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<A HREF="mod_cookies.html">mod_cookies</A>, and is deprecated.
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<P>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="customlog">CustomLog</A></H2>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> CustomLog <EM>file-pipe</EM>
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<EM>format-or-nickname</EM><BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> server config, virtual host<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Base<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Compatibility:</STRONG></A> Nickname only available in Apache 1.3
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or later
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<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_log_config
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<P>
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The first argument is the filename to which log records should be
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written. This is used
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exactly like the argument to
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<A
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HREF="#transferlog"
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><SAMP>TransferLog</SAMP></A>;
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that is, it is either a full path or relative to the current
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server root.
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</P>
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<P>
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The format argument specifies a format for each line of the log file.
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The options available for the format are exactly the same as for
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the argument of the <TT>LogFormat</TT> directive. If the format
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includes any spaces (which it will do in almost all cases) it
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should be enclosed in double quotes.
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</P>
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<P>
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Instead of an actual format string, you can use a format nickname defined with
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the
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<A
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HREF="#logformat"
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><SAMP>LogFormat</SAMP></A>
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directive.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="customlog-conditional">CustomLog (conditional)</A></H2>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> CustomLog <EM>file-pipe</EM>
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<EM>format-or-nickname</EM>
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env=[!]<EM>environment-variable</EM><BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> server config, virtual host<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Base<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Compatibility:</STRONG></A> Only available in Apache 1.3.5
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or later
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<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_log_config
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<P>
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The behaviour of this form of the <SAMP>CustomLog</SAMP> directive is almost
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identical to the <A HREF="#customlog">standard <CODE>CustomLog</CODE></A>
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directive. The difference is that the '<CODE>env=</CODE>' clause controls
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whether a particular request will be logged in the specified file or
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not. If the specified environment variable is set for the
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request (or is not set, in the case of a '<CODE>env=!<EM>name</EM></CODE>'
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clause), then the request will be logged.
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</P>
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<P>
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Environment variables can be set on a <EM>per</EM>-request basis
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using the <A HREF="mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</A> and/or
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<A HREF="mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</A> modules. For example,
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if you don't want to record requests for all GIF images on
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your server in a separate logfile but not your main log, you
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can use:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif$ gif-image
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CustomLog gif-requests.log common env=gif-image
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CustomLog nongif-requests.log common env=!gif-image
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="logformat">LogFormat</A></H2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt LogFormat} directive> -->
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> LogFormat <EM>format</EM> [<EM>nickname</EM>]
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<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Default"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Default:</STRONG></A> <CODE>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\"
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%s %b"</CODE><BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> server config, virtual host<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Base<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Compatibility"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Compatibility:</STRONG></A> Nickname only available in Apache 1.3
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or later
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<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_log_config
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<P>
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This sets the format of the default logfile named by the
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<A
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HREF="#transferlog"
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><SAMP>TransferLog</SAMP></A>
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directive . See the section on
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<A HREF="#formats">Custom Log Formats</A> for details on the format
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arguments.
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</P>
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<P>
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If you include a nickname for the format on the directive line, you can
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use it in other <SAMP>LogFormat</SAMP> and
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<A HREF="#customlog"><SAMP>CustomLog</SAMP></A>
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directives rather than repeating the entire format string.
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</P>
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<P>
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A
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<SAMP>LogFormat</SAMP> directive which defines a nickname <STRONG>does
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nothing else</STRONG> -- that is, it <EM>only</EM> defines the nickname,
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it doesn't actually apply the format and make it the default.
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</P>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="transferlog">TransferLog</A></H2>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt TransferLog} directive> -->
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> TransferLog <EM>file-pipe</EM><BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Default"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Default:</STRONG></A> none<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> server config, virtual host<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Base<BR>
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<A
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HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
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REL="Help"
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><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_log_config<P>
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The TransferLog directive adds a log file in the format defined by the
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most recent
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<A
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HREF="#logformat"
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><SAMP>LogFormat</SAMP></A>
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directive, or Common Log Format if no other default format has been
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specified.
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<EM>File-pipe</EM> is one
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of
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<DL><DT>A filename
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<DD>A filename relative to the <A HREF="core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A>.
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<DT> `|' followed by a command
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<DD>A program to receive the agent log information on its standard input.
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Note the a new program will not be started for a VirtualHost if it inherits
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the TransferLog from the main server.
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</DL>
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<STRONG>Security:</STRONG> if a program is used, then it will be
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run under the user who started httpd. This will be root if the server
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was started by root; be sure that the program is secure.<P>
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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