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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<TITLE>Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</TITLE>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Using Apache With Microsoft Windows</H1>
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<P>This document explains how to install, configure and run
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Apache 1.3 under Microsoft Windows. Please note that at
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this time, Windows support is entirely experimental, and is
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recommended only for experienced users. The Apache Group does not
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guarantee that this software will work as documented, or even at
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all. If you find any bugs, or wish to contribute in other ways, please
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use our <A HREF="http://www.apache.org/bug_report.html">bug reporting
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page.</A></P>
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<P><STRONG>Warning: Apache on NT has not yet been optimized for performance.
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Apache still performs best, and is most reliable on Unix platforms. Over
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time we will improve NT performance. Folks doing comparative reviews
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of webserver performance are asked to compare against Apache
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on a Unix platform such as Solaris, FreeBSD, or Linux.</STRONG></P>
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<P>
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Most of this document assumes that you are installing Windows from a
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binary distribution. If you want to compile Apache yourself (possibly
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to help with development, or to track down bugs), see the section on
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<A HREF="#comp">Compiling Apache for Windows</A> below.
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<HR>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#req">Requirements</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#down">Downloading Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#inst">Installing Apache for Windows (binary install)</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#run">Running Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#use">Using Apache for Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#comp">Compiling Apache for Windows</A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="req">Requirements</A></H2>
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Apache 1.3 is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0. The binary installer
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will only work in Intel processors. Apache may also run on Windows 95
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and Windows NT 3.5.1, but these have not been tested. In all cases
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TCP/IP networking must be installed.
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<P>
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If running on Windows 95, using the "Winsock2" upgrade is recommended
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but may not be necessary. If running on NT 4.0, installing Service Pack 2
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is recommended.
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<H2><A NAME="down">Downloading Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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<P>Information on the latest version of Apache can be found on the
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Apache web server at <A
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HREF="http://www.apache.org/">http://www.apache.org/</A>. This will
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list the current release, any more recent alpha or beta-test releases,
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together with details of mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.</P>
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<P>
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You should download the version of Apache for Windows with the
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<CODE>.exe</CODE> extension. This is a single file containing Apache,
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ready to install and run. There may also be a <CODE>.zip</CODE> file
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containing the source code, to compile Apache yourself. (If there is
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no <SAMP>.zip</SAMP> file, the source will be available in a
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<SAMP>.tar.gz</SAMP> file but this will contain Unix line endings. You
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will have to convert at least the <SAMP>.mak</SAMP> and
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<SAMP>.dsp</SAMP> files to have DOS line endings before MSVC will
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understand them).
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<H2><A NAME="inst">Installing Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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Run the Apache <SAMP>.exe</SAMP> file you downloaded above. This will
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ask for:
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<UL>
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<LI>the directory to install Apache into (the default is
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<CODE>\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache</CODE> although you can
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change this to any other directory)
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<LI>the start menu name (default is "Apache Web Server")
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<LI>the installation type. The "Typical" option installs
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everything except the source code. The "Minimum" option does not
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install the manuals or source code. Choose the "Custom" install if
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you want to install the source code.
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</UL>
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<P>
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During the installation, Apache will configure the files in the
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<SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory for your chosen installation
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directory. However if any of the files in this directory already exist
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they will <STRONG>not</STRONG> be overwritten. Instead the new copy of
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the corresponding file will be left with the extension
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<SAMP>.default</SAMP>. So, for example, if
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<SAMP>conf\httpd.conf</SAMP> already exists it will not be altered,
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but the version which would have been installed will be left in
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<SAMP>conf\httpd.conf.default</SAMP>. After the installation has
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finished you should manually check to see what in new in the
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<SAMP>.default</SAMP> file, and if necessary update your existing
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configuration files.
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<P>
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Also, if you already have a file called <SAMP>htdocs\index.html</SAMP>
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then it will not be overwritten (no <SAMP>index.html.default</SAMP>
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file will be installed either). This should mean it a safe to install
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Apache over an existing installation (but you will have to stop the
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existing server running before doing the installation, then start the
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new one after the installation is finished).
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<STRONG>Important note for 1.3b6 installs</STRONG>: the above only
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applies for 1.3b7 and later. In 1.3b6 the installer would overwrite
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any existing <SAMP>httpd.conf</SAMP>, <SAMP>access.conf</SAMP>,
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<SAMP>srm.conf</SAMP> or <SAMP>mime.types</SAMP> files in the
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<SAMP>conf</SAMP>, and will also overwrite your
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<SAMP>index.html</SAMP> file in the <SAMP>htdocs</SAMP> directory. You
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should copy these files or directories before installing Apache 1.3b6
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or install into a new directory.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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After installing Apache, you should edit the configuration files in
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the <SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory as required. These files will be
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configured during the install ready for Apache to be run from the
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directory where it was installed, with the documents served from the
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subdirectory <SAMP>htdocs</SAMP>. There are lots of other options
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which should be set before you start really using Apache. However to
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get started quickly the files should work as installed.
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<H2><A NAME="run">Running Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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There are two ways you can run Apache:
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<UL>
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<LI>As a "service" (available on NT only). This is the best option if
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you want Apache to automatically start when you machine boots, and to
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keep Apache running when you log-off.
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<LI>From a <a ref="#cmdline">console window</a>. This is the only option available for
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Windows 95 users.
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</UL>
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To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a
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service. Run the "Install Apache as Service" option from the Start
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menu. Once this is done you can start Apache by opening the Services
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window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache, then clicking on
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Start. Apache will now be running in the background. You can later
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stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an alternative to using the
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Services window, you can start and stop Apache from the control line
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with
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<PRE>
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NET START APACHE
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NET STOP APACHE
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</PRE>
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To run Apache from a console window, select the "Apache Server" option
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from the Start menu. This will open a console window and start Apache
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running inside it. The window will remain active until you stop
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Apache. To stop Apache running, press Control-C within the console
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window.
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<P>
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After starting Apache running (either in a console window or as a
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service) if will be listening to port 80 (unless you changed the
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<SAMP>Port</SAMP>, <SAMP>Listen</SAMP> or <SAMP>BindAddress</SAMP>
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directives in the configuration files). To connect to the server and
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access the default page, launch a browser and enter this URL:
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<PRE>
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http://localhost/
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</PRE>
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This should respond with a welcome page, and a link to the Apache
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manual. If nothing happens or you get an error, look in the
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<SAMP>error_log</SAMP> file in the <SAMP>logs</SAMP> directory.
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<P>
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Once your basic installation is working, you should configure it
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properly by editing the files in the <SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory.
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<H2><A NAME="use">Configuring Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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Apache is configured by files in the <SAMP>conf</SAMP>
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directory. These are the same as files used to configure the Unix
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version, but there are a few different directives for Apache on
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Windows. See the <A HREF="./">Apache documentation</A> for all the
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available directives.
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<P>
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The main differences in Apache for Windows are:
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<UL>
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<LI><P>Because Apache for Windows is multithreaded, it does not use a
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separate process for each request, as Apache does with
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Unix. Instead there are usually only two Apache processes running:
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a parent process, and a child which handles the requests. Within
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the child each request is handled by a separate thread.
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<P>
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So the "process"-management directives are different:
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<P><A
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HREF="mod/core.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</A>
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- Like the Unix directive, this controls how many requests a
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process will serve before exiting. However, unlike Unix, a
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process serves all the requests at once, not just one, so if
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this is set, it is recommended that a very high number is
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used. The recommended default, <CODE>MaxRequestsPerChild
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0</CODE>, does not cause the process to ever exit.
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<P><A HREF="mod/core.html#threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</A> -
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This directive is new, and tells the server how many threads it
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should use. This is the maximum number of connections the server
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can handle at once; be sure and set this number high enough for
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your site if you get a lot of hits. The recommended default is
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<CODE>ThreadsPerChild 50</CODE>.</P>
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<LI><P>The directives that accept filenames as arguments now must use
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Windows filenames instead of Unix ones. However, because Apache
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uses Unix-style names internally, you must use forward slashes, not
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backslashes. Drive letters can be used; if omitted, the drive with
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the Apache executable will be assumed.</P>
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<LI><P>Apache for Windows contains the ability to load modules at runtime,
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without recompiling the server. If Apache is compiled normally, it
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will install a number of optional modules in the
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<CODE>\Apache\modules</CODE> directory. To activate these, or other
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modules, the new <A HREF="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</A>
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directive must be used. For example, to active the status module,
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use the following (in addition to the status-activating directives
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in <CODE>access.conf</CODE>):</P>
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<PRE>
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LoadModule status_module modules/ApacheModuleStatus.dll
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</PRE>
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<P>Information on <A HREF="mod/mod_so.html#creating">creating loadable
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modules</A> is also available.</P>
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<LI><P>Apache can also load ISAPI Extensions (i.e., Internet Server
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Applications), such as those used by Microsoft's IIS, and other
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Windows servers. <A HREF="mod/mod_isapi.html">More information
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is available.</A>
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</UL>
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<H2><A NAME="cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A></H2>
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The Start menu icons and the NT Service manager can provide an simple
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interafce for administering Apache. But in some cases it is easier to
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work from the command line.
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<P>
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When working with Apache it is important to know how it will find the
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configuration files. Apache will try one of the following, in this order.
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<ul>
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<li>A ServerRoot directive via a -C switch.
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<li>The -f switch on the command line.
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<li>The -d switch on the command line.
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<li>A registry entry, created if you did a binary install.
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<li>The server root compiled into the server.
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</ul>
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<P>
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The server root compiled into the server is usually "/apache".
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invoking apache with the -v switch will display this value
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labeled as HTTPD_ROOT.
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<P>
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Your current working directory when Apache is started up has no
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effect on Apache's behavior.
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<P>
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Under windows, when invoked from the start menu or the Service Manager Apache is
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usually passed no arguments. So using the registry entry is the perfered
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technique.
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<P>
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During a binary installation, a registry key will have
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been installed, for example:
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<PRE>
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\1.3.1\ServerRoot
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</PRE>
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<P>
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This key is compiled into the server and can enable you to test
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new versions without affecting the current version. Of course
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you must take care not to install the new version on top of the
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old version in the file system. You can not run two invocations
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of Apache on Windows simultaneously.
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<P>
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If you did not do a binary install then Apache will in some
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senarios complain that about the missing registry key. This
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warning can be ignored if it otherwise was able to find it's
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configuration files.
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<P>
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The value of this key is the "ServerRoot" directory, containing the
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<SAMP>conf</SAMP> directory. When Apache starts it will read the
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<SAMP>httpd.conf</SAMP> file from this directory. If this file
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contains a <SAMP>ServerRoot</SAMP> directive which is different from
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the directory obtained from the registry key above, Apache will forget
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the registry key and use the directory from the configuration file.
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If you copy the Apache directory or configuration files to a new
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location it is vital that you update the <SAMP>ServerRoot</SAMP>
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directory in the <SAMP>httpd.conf</SAMP> file to the new location.
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<P>
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To run Apache from the command line as a console application, use the
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following command:
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<PRE>
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apache -s
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</PRE>
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Apache will execute, and will remain running until it is stopped by pressing
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control-C. (The -s option is not required by Windows 95, but on Windows NT it
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prevents Apache waiting to see if Apache is running as a service.)
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<P>
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To install Apache as a Windows NT service as follows:
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<PRE>
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apache -i
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</PRE>
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and to remove the Apache service, use
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<PRE>
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apache -u
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</PRE>
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<H2><A NAME="comp">Compiling Apache for Windows</A></H2>
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<P>Compiling Apache requires Microsoft Visual C++ 5.0 to be properly
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installed. It is easiest to compile with the command-line tools
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(nmake, etc...). Consult the VC++ manual to determine how to install
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them.</P>
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<P>First, unpack the Apache distribution into an appropriate
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directory. Open a command-line prompt, and change to the
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<CODE>src</CODE> subdirectory of the Apache distribution.</P>
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<P>The master Apache makefile instructions are contained in the
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<CODE>Makefile.nt</CODE> file. To compile Apache, simply use one of
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the following commands:
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE>nmake /f Makefile.nt _apacher</CODE> (release build)
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<LI><CODE>nmake /f Makefile.nt _apached</CODE> (debug build)
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</UL>
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<P>These will both compile Apache. The latter will include debugging
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information in the resulting files, making it easier to find bugs and
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track down problems.</P>
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<P>Apache can also be compiled using VC++'s Visual Studio development
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environment. Although compiling Apache in this manner is not as
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simple, it makes it possible to easily modify the Apache source, or
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to compile Apache if the command-line tools are not installed.
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Project files (<CODE>.DSP</CODE>) are included for each of the
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portions of Apache. To build Apache from the these projects files
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you will need to build the following projects <i>in this order</i>:
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<OL>
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<LI><CODE>os\win32\ApacheOS.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>regex\regex.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>ap\ap.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>main\gen_uri_delims.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>main\gen_test_char.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>ApacheCore.dsp</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>Apache.dsp</CODE>
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</OL>
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In addition, the <CODE>src\os\win32</CODE> subdirectory contains
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project files for the optional modules (see below).</P>
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<P>Once Apache has been compiled, it needs to be installed in its server
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root directory. The default is the <CODE>\Apache</CODE>
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directory, on the current hard drive. </P>
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<P>To install the files into the <CODE>\Apache</CODE> directory
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automatically, use one the following nmake commands (see above):</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE>nmake /f Makefile.nt installr INSTDIR=<EM>dir</EM></CODE>
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(for release build)
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<LI><CODE>nmake /f Makefile.nt installd INSTDIR=<EM>dir</EM></CODE>
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(for debug build)
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</UL>
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The dir argument to INSTDIR gives the installation directory. The can
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be omitted if Apache is to be installed into <SAMP>\Apache</SAMP>.
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<P>This will install the following:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE><EM>dir</EM>\Apache.exe</CODE> - Apache executable
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<LI><CODE><EM>dir</EM>\ApacheCore.dll</CODE> - Main Apache shared library
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<LI><CODE><EM>dir</EM>\modules\ApacheModule*.dll</CODE> - Optional Apache
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modules (7 files)
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<LI><CODE><EM>dir</EM>\conf</CODE> - Empty configuration directory
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<LI><CODE><EM>dir</EM>\logs</CODE> - Empty logging directory
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</UL>
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<P>If you do not have nmake, or wish to install in a different directory,
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be sure to use a similar naming scheme.</P>
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<P>
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Before running the server you must fill out the conf directory.
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Copy the *.conf-dist-win from the distribution conf directory
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and rename *.conf. Edit the @@ServerRoot@@ entries to your
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actual server root (for example "C:\apache"). Copy over
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the conf/magic and conf/mime.types files as well.
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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