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git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@81779 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
160 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
160 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Starting Apache</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<BODY
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#000080"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Starting Apache</H1>
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<H2>Invoking Apache</H2>
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The <CODE>httpd</CODE> program is usually run as a daemon which executes
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continuously, handling requests. It is possible to invoke Apache by
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the Internet daemon <CODE>inetd</CODE> each time a connection to the HTTP
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service is made (use the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#servertype">ServerType</A> directive)
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but this is not recommended.
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<H2>Command line options</H2>
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The following options are recognized on the httpd command line:
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<DL>
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<DT><CODE>-d</CODE> <EM>serverroot</EM>
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<DD>Set the initial value for the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A> variable to
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<EM>serverroot</EM>. This can be overridden by the ServerRoot command in the
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configuration file. The default is <CODE>/usr/local/apache</CODE>.
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<DT><CODE>-D</CODE> <EM>name</EM>
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<DD>Define a name for use in in
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#ifdefine">IfDefine</A> directives.
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This option can be used to optionally enable certain functionality in the
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configuration file, or to use a common configuration for
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several independent hosts, where host specific information is enclosed in
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<IfDefine> sections.
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<DT><CODE>-f</CODE> <EM>config</EM>
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<DD>Execute the commands in the file <EM>config</EM> on startup. If
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<EM>config</EM> does not begin with a <CODE>/</CODE>, then it is taken to be a
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path relative to the <A HREF="mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A>. The
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default is <CODE>conf/httpd.conf</CODE>.
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<DT><CODE>-C</CODE> <EM>"directive"</EM>
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<DD>Process the given apache "directive" (just as if it had been part of a
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configuration file) <STRONG>before</STRONG> actually reading the regular configuration files.
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<DT><CODE>-c</CODE> <EM>"directive"</EM>
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<DD>Process the given apache "directive" <STRONG>after</STRONG> reading
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all the regular configuration files.
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<DT><CODE>-X</CODE>
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<DD>Run in single-process mode, for internal debugging purposes only; the
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daemon does not detach from the terminal or fork any children. Do <EM>NOT</EM>
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use this mode to provide ordinary web service.
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<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
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<DD>Print the version of httpd and its build date, and then exit.
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<DT><A NAME="version"><CODE>-V</CODE></A>
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<DD>Print the base version of httpd, its
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build date, and a list of compile time settings which influence the
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behavior and performance of the apache server (<EM>e.g.</EM>,
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<SAMP>-DUSE_MMAP_FILES</SAMP>),
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then exit.
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<DT><A NAME="help"><CODE>-h</CODE></A>
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<DD>Give a list of directives together with expected arguments and
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places where the directive is valid. (New in Apache 1.2)
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<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
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<DD>Give a list of all modules compiled into the server.
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<DT><CODE>-S</CODE>
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<DD>Show the settings as parsed from the config file (currently only
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shows a breakdown of the vhost settings).
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<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
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<DD>Test the configuration file syntax (i.e., read all configuration files
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and interpret them) but do not start the server. If the configuration contains
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errors, display an error message and exit with a non-zero exit status,
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otherwise display "Syntax OK" and terminate with a zero exit status.
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<DT><CODE>-?</CODE>
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<DD>Print a list of the httpd options, and then exit.
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</DL>
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<H2>Configuration files</H2>
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The server will read three files for configuration directives. Any directive
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may appear in any of these files. The the names of these files are taken
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to be relative to the server root; this is set by the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</A> directive, or the
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<CODE>-d</CODE> command line flag.
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Conventionally, the files are:
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<DL>
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<DT><CODE>conf/httpd.conf</CODE>
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<DD>Contains directives that control the operation of the server daemon.
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The filename may be overridden with the <CODE>-f</CODE> command line flag.
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<DT><CODE>conf/srm.conf</CODE>
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<DD>Contains directives that control the specification of documents that
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the server can provide to clients. The filename may be overridden with
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the <A HREF="mod/core.html#resourceconfig">ResourceConfig</A> directive.
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<DT><CODE>conf/access.conf</CODE>
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<DD>Contains directives that control access to documents.
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The filename may be overridden with the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#accessconfig">AccessConfig</A> directive.
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</DL>
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However, these conventions need not be adhered to.
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<P>
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The server also reads a file containing mime document types; the filename
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is set by the <A HREF="mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</A>
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directive,
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and is <CODE>conf/mime.types</CODE> by default.
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<H2>Log files</H2>
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<H3>security warning</H3>
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Anyone who can write to the directory where Apache is writing a
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log file can almost certainly gain access to the uid that the server is
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started as, which is normally root. Do <EM>NOT</EM> give people write
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access to the directory the logs are stored in without being aware of
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the consequences; see the <A HREF="misc/security_tips.html">security tips</A>
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document for details.
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<H3>pid file</H3>
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On daemon startup, it saves the process id of the parent httpd process to
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the file <CODE>logs/httpd.pid</CODE>. This filename can be changed with the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</A> directive. The process-id is for
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use by the administrator in restarting and terminating the daemon;
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A HUP or USR1 signal causes the daemon to re-read its configuration files and
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a TERM signal causes it to die gracefully. For more information
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see the <A HREF="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</A> page.
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<P>
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If the process dies (or is killed) abnormally, then it will be necessary to
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kill the children httpd processes.
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<H3>Error log</H3>
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The server will log error messages to a log file, <CODE>logs/error_log</CODE>
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by default. The filename can be set using the
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</A> directive; different error logs
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can
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be set for different <A HREF="mod/core.html#virtualhost">virtual hosts</A>.
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<H3>Transfer log</H3>
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The server will typically log each request to a transfer file,
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<CODE>logs/access_log</CODE> by default. The filename can be set using a
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<A HREF="mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</A> directive;
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different transfer logs can be set for different
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<A HREF="mod/core.html#virtualhost">virtual hosts</A>.
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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