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366 lines
14 KiB
HTML
366 lines
14 KiB
HTML
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<title>Apache module mod_alias</title>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="CENTER">Module mod_alias</h1>
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<p>This module provides for mapping different parts of the host
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filesystem in the document tree, and for URL redirection.</p>
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<p><a href="module-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile"
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rel="Help"><strong>Source File:</strong></a> mod_alias.c<br />
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<a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module Identifier:</strong></a>
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alias_module</p>
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<h2>Summary</h2>
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<p>The directives contained in this module allow for
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manipulation and control of URLs as requests arrive at the
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server. The <code>Alias</code> and <code>ScriptAlias</code>
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directives are used to map between URLs and filesystem paths.
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This allows for content which is not directly under the <a
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href="core.html#documentroot"><code>DocumentRoot</code></a> to
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be served as part of the web document tree. The
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<code>ScriptAlias</code> directive has the additional effect of
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marking the target directory as containing only CGI
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scripts.</p>
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<p>The <code>Redirect</code> directives are used to instruct
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clients to make a new request with a different URL. They are
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often used when a resource has moved to a new location.</p>
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<p>A more powerful and flexible set of directives for
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manipulating URLs is contained in the <a
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href="mod_rewrite.html"><code>mod_rewrite</code></a>
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module.</p>
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<h2>Directives</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#alias">Alias</a></li>
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<li><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></li>
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<li><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></li>
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<li><a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></li>
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<li><a href="#redirecttemp">RedirectTemp</a></li>
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<li><a href="#redirectperm">RedirectPermanent</a></li>
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<li><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></li>
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<li><a href="#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="alias" name="alias">Alias directive</a></h2>
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<p><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Alias} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Alias <em>URL-path
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file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>The Alias directive allows documents to be stored in the
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local filesystem other than under the <a
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href="core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a>. URLs with a
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(%-decoded) path beginning with <em>url-path</em> will be
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mapped to local files beginning with
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<em>directory-filename</em>.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>Alias /image /ftp/pub/image</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>A request for http://myserver/image/foo.gif would cause the
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server to return the file /ftp/pub/image/foo.gif.</p>
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<p>Note that if you include a trailing / on the
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<em>url-path</em> then the server will require a trailing / in
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order to expand the alias. That is, if you use <code>Alias
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/icons/ /usr/local/apache/icons/</code> then the url
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<code>/icons</code> will not be aliased.</p>
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<p>Note that you may need to specify additional <a
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href="core.html#directory"><code><Directory></code></a>
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sections which cover the <em>destination</em> of aliases.
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Aliasing occurs before <code><Directory></code> sections
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are checked, so only the destination of aliases are affected.
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(Note however <a
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href="core.html#location"><code><Location></code></a>
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sections are run through once before aliases are performed, so
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they will apply.)</p>
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<p>See also <a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a>.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="aliasmatch" name="aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></h2>
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<p><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AliasMatch <em>regex
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file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>This directive is equivalent to <a href="#alias">Alias</a>,
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but makes use of standard regular expressions, instead of
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simple prefix matching. The supplied regular expression is
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matched against the URL-path, and if it matches, the server
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will substitute any parenthesized matches into the given string
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and use it as a filename. For example, to activate the
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<code>/icons</code> directory, one might use:</p>
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<pre>
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AliasMatch ^/icons(.*) /usr/local/apache/icons$1
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</pre>
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<br />
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<br />
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="redirect" name="redirect">Redirect
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directive</a></h2>
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<p><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Redirect} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Redirect
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[<em>status</em>] <em>URL-path URL</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host, directory, .htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>The Redirect directive maps an old URL into a new one. The
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new URL is returned to the client which attempts to fetch it
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again with the new address. <em>URL-path</em> a (%-decoded)
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path; any requests for documents beginning with this path will
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be returned a redirect error to a new (%-encoded) URL beginning
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with <em>URL</em>.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>Redirect /service http://foo2.bar.com/service</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>If the client requests http://myserver/service/foo.txt, it
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will be told to access http://foo2.bar.com/service/foo.txt
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instead.</p>
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<p><strong>Note:</strong> Redirect directives take precedence
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over Alias and ScriptAlias directives, irrespective of their
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ordering in the configuration file. Also, <em>URL-path</em>
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must be an absolute path, not a relative path, even when used
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with .htaccess files or inside of <Directory>
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sections.</p>
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<p>If no <em>status</em> argument is given, the redirect will
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be "temporary" (HTTP status 302). This indicates to the client
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that the resource has moved temporarily. The <em>status</em>
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argument can be used to return other HTTP status codes:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>permanent</dt>
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<dd>Returns a permanent redirect status (301) indicating that
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the resource has moved permanently.</dd>
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<dt>temp</dt>
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<dd>Returns a temporary redirect status (302). This is the
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default.</dd>
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<dt>seeother</dt>
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<dd>Returns a "See Other" status (303) indicating that the
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resource has been replaced.</dd>
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<dt>gone</dt>
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<dd>Returns a "Gone" status (410) indicating that the
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resource has been permanently removed. When this status is
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used the <em>url</em> argument should be omitted.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Other status codes can be returned by giving the numeric
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status code as the value of <em>status</em>. If the status is
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between 300 and 399, the <em>url</em> argument must be present,
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otherwise it must be omitted. Note that the status must be
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known to the Apache code (see the function
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<code>send_error_response</code> in http_protocol.c).</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="redirectmatch"
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name="redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></h2>
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<p><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RedirectMatch
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[<em>status</em>] <em>regex URL</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host, directory, .htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>This directive is equivalent to <a
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href="#redirect">Redirect</a>, but makes use of standard
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regular expressions, instead of simple prefix matching. The
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supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path,
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and if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
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matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
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example, to redirect all GIF files to like-named JPEG files on
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another server, one might use:</p>
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<pre>
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RedirectMatch (.*)\.gif$ http://www.anotherserver.com$1.jpg
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</pre>
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<br />
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<br />
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="redirecttemp" name="redirecttemp">RedirectTemp
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directive</a></h2>
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<p><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Redirect} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RedirectTemp
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<em>URL-path URL</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host, directory, .htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
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only temporary (status 302). Exactly equivalent to
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<code>Redirect temp</code>.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="redirectperm" name="redirectperm">RedirectPermanent
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directive</a></h2>
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<p><!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt Redirect} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RedirectPermanent
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<em>URL-path URL</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host, directory, .htaccess<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Override"
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rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
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permanent (status 301). Exactly equivalent to <code>Redirect
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permanent</code>.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="scriptalias" name="scriptalias">ScriptAlias
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directive</a></h2>
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<p>
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<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt ScriptAlias} directive> -->
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ScriptAlias
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<em>URL-path file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>The ScriptAlias directive has the same behavior as the <a
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href="#alias">Alias</a> directive, except that in addition it
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marks the target directory as containing CGI scripts. URLs with
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a (%-decoded) path beginning with <em>URL-path</em> will be
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mapped to scripts beginning with the second argument which is a
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full pathname in the local filesystem.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /web/cgi-bin/</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>A request for http://myserver/cgi-bin/foo would cause the
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server to run the script /web/cgi-bin/foo.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a id="scriptaliasmatch"
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name="scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></h2>
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<p><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
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rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ScriptAliasMatch
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<em>regex file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em><br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Context"
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rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual
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host<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Status"
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rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Base<br />
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<a href="directive-dict.html#Module"
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rel="Help"><strong>Module:</strong></a> mod_alias</p>
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<p>This directive is equivalent to <a
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href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a>, but makes use of standard
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regular expressions, instead of simple prefix matching. The
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supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path,
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and if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
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matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
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example, to activate the standard <code>/cgi-bin</code>, one
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might use:</p>
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<pre>
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ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin(.*) /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin$1
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</pre>
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<br />
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<br />
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</body>
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</html>
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