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211 lines
13 KiB
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
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<!--
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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-->
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<title>Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
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</script>
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<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs)</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/mpm.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/mpm.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/mpm.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa<70>ol"> es </a> |
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<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./ja/mpm.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./tr/mpm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T<>rk<72>e"> tr </a> |
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<a href="./zh-cn/mpm.html" hreflang="zh-cn" rel="alternate" title="Simplified Chinese"> zh-cn </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>This document describes what a Multi-Processing Module is and
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how they are used by the Apache HTTP Server.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#defaults">MPM Defaults</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#static">Building an MPM as a static module</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dynamic">Building an MPM as a DSO module</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
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<p>The Apache HTTP Server is designed to be a powerful and
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flexible web server that can work on a very wide variety of
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platforms in a range of different environments. Different
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platforms and different environments often require different
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features, or may have different ways of implementing the same
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feature most efficiently. Apache httpd has always accommodated a wide
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variety of environments through its modular design. This design
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allows the webmaster to choose which features will be included
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in the server by selecting which modules to load either at
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compile-time or at run-time.</p>
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<p>Apache HTTP Server 2.0 extends this modular design to the most basic
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functions of a web server. The server ships with a selection of
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Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) which are responsible for
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binding to network ports on the machine, accepting requests,
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and dispatching children to handle the requests.</p>
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<p>Extending the modular design to this level of the server
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allows two important benefits:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Apache httpd can more cleanly and efficiently support a wide
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variety of operating systems. In particular, the Windows
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version of the server is now much more efficient, since
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code> can use native
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networking features in place of the POSIX layer used in
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Apache httpd 1.3. This benefit also extends to other operating
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systems that implement specialized MPMs.</li>
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<li>The server can be better customized for the needs of the
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particular site. For example, sites that need a great deal of
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scalability can choose to use a threaded MPM like
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> or <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, while sites requiring
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stability or compatibility with older software can use a
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>At the user level, MPMs appear much like other Apache httpd
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modules. The main difference is that one and only one MPM must
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be loaded into the server at any time. The list of available
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MPMs appears on the <a href="mod/">module index page</a>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="defaults" id="defaults">MPM Defaults</a></h2>
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<p>The following table lists the default MPMs for various operating
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systems. This will be the MPM selected if you do not make another
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choice at compile-time.</p>
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<table class="bordered"><tr><td>Netware</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_netware.html">mpm_netware</a></code></td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td>OS/2</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpmt_os2.html">mpmt_os2</a></code></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Unix</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code>, or
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, depending on platform capabilities</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td>Windows</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code></td></tr>
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</table>
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<div class="note"><p>Here, 'Unix' is used to mean Unix-like operating systems, such as
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Linux, BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, etc.</p></div>
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<p>In the case of Unix, the decision as to which MPM is installed is
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based on two questions:</p>
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<p>1. Does the system support threads?</p>
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<p>2. Does the system support thread-safe polling (Specifically, the
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kqueue and epoll functions)?</p>
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<p>If the answer to both questions is 'yes', the default MPM is
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>.</p>
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<p>If The answer to #1 is 'yes', but the answer to #2 is 'no', the
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default will be <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code>.</p>
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<p>If the answer to both questions is 'no', then the default MPM will be
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>.</p>
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<p>In practical terms, this means that the default will almost always be
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, as all modern operating systems support these
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two features.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="static" id="static">Building an MPM as a static module</a></h2>
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<p>MPMs can be built as static modules on all platforms. A single MPM
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is chosen at build time and linked into the server. The server must
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be rebuilt in order to change the MPM.</p>
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<p>To override the default MPM choice, use the
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<code>--with-mpm=<em>NAME</em></code> option of the
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script. <em>NAME</em> is the name of the
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desired MPM.</p>
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<p>Once the server has been compiled, it is possible to determine which MPM
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was chosen by using <code>./httpd -l</code>. This command will list every
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module that is compiled into the server, including the MPM.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="dynamic" id="dynamic">Building an MPM as a DSO module</a></h2>
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<p>On Unix and similar platforms, MPMs can be built as DSO modules and
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dynamically loaded into the server in the same manner as other DSO
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modules. Building MPMs as DSO modules allows the MPM to be changed by
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updating the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive
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for the MPM instead of by rebuilding the server.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so</pre>
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<p>Attempting to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code>
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more than one MPM will result in a startup failure with the
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following error.</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>AH00534: httpd: Configuration error: More than one MPM
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loaded.</code></p></div>
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<p>This feature is enabled using the
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<code>--enable-mpms-shared</code> option of the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
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script.
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With argument <code><em>all</em></code>, all possible MPMs for the platform
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will be installed. Alternately, a list of MPMs can be specified as the
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argument.</p>
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<p>The default MPM, either selected automatically or specified with the
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<code>--with-mpm</code> option of the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
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script, will be loaded in the generated server configuration file. Edit the
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive to select a
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different MPM.</p>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/mpm.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/mpm.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/mpm.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa<70>ol"> es </a> |
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<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./ja/mpm.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./tr/mpm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T<>rk<72>e"> tr </a> |
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<a href="./zh-cn/mpm.html" hreflang="zh-cn" rel="alternate" title="Simplified Chinese"> zh-cn </a></p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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