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112 lines
4.0 KiB
HTML
112 lines
4.0 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Setting which addresses and ports Apache uses</title>
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</head>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
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vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="CENTER">Setting which addresses and ports Apache
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uses</h1>
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<p>When Apache starts, it connects to some port and address on
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the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
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it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
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be told to listen to specific ports, or to listen to only selected
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addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
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Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
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different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
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<p>The <code>Listen</code> directive tells the server to accept
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incoming requests only on the specified port or
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address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
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specified in the <code>Listen</code> directive, the server
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listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
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is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
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port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
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specify a number of addresses and ports to listen to. The
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server will respond to requests from any of the listed
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addresses and ports.</p>
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<p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
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port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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Listen 8000
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</pre>
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To make the server accept connections on two specified
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interfaces and port numbers, use
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<pre>
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Listen 192.170.2.1:80
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Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
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</pre>
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IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
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following example:
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<pre>
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Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
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</pre>
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<h2>Special IPv6 considerations</h2>
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When APR supports IPv6, Apache will create IPv6-capable listening
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sockets by default (i.e., when no IP address is specified on the
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Listen directive). In other words, when APR supports IPv6,
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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</pre>
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is equivalent to
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<pre>
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Listen [::]:80
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</pre>
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When APR does not support IPv6,
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<pre>
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Listen 80
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</pre>
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is equivalent to
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<pre>
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Listen 0.0.0.0:80
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</pre>
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On some platforms, such as NetBSD, binding to the IPv6 wildcard address
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("::") does not allow Apache to accept connections on IPv4 interfaces.
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In this situation, multiple Listen directives are required, as shown
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below:
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<pre>
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Listen 0.0.0.0:80
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Listen [::]:80
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</pre>
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Apache does not currently detect this, so the Listen statements must
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be edited manually by the administrator.
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<h2>How this works with Virtual Hosts</h2>
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<p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
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main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
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<VirtualHost> directives are used, the server will behave
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the same for all accepted requests. However,
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<VirtualHost> can be used to specify a different behavior
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for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
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VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
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address and port to be used. Then a <VirtualHost> section
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should be created for a specified address and port to set the
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behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
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<VirtualHost> is set for an address and port that the
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server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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<h2>See also</h2>
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See also the documentation on <a
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href="mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen directive</a>, <a
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href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a>, <a
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href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a> and <a
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href="mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost>
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section</a>. <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</body>
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</html>
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