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370 lines
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370 lines
14 KiB
HTML
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<title>Running Apache for Windows as a Service</title>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 align="center">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</h1>
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<p>Apache can be run as a service on Windows NT/2000. (There is
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also some HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL support for similar behavior on
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<a href="#win95svc">Windows 95/98</a>, introduced with Apache
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1.3.13).</p>
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<p>Installing Apache as a service should only be done once you
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can successfully run it in a console window. See <a
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href="windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</a>
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before you attempt to install or run Apache as a service.
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Changes to the httpd.conf file should always be followed by
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starting Apache as a console window. If this succeeds, the
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service should succeed.</p>
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<p><strong>NOTE: Prior to version 1.3.13, the configuration was
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<em>not tested</em> prior to performing the
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installation</strong>, and a lack of service dependencies often
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caused the console window to succeed, but the service would
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still fail. See <a href="#service">below</a> if you are having
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problems running a version of Apache prior to 1.3.13 to resolve
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the issue. If you have this problem with version 1.3.13 or
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greater, first try uninstalling (-u) and re-installing (-i) the
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Apache service.</p>
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<hr />
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<p>To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it
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as a service. Multiple Apache services can be installed, each
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with a different name and configuration. To install the default
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Apache service named "Apache", run the "Install Apache as
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Service (NT only)" option from the Start menu. Once this is
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done you can start the "Apache" service by opening the Services
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window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache, then clicking
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on Start. Apache will now be running, hidden in the background.
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You can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an
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alternative to using the Services window, you can start and
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stop the "Apache" service from the command line with</p>
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<pre>
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NET START APACHE
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NET STOP APACHE
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</pre>
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<p>See <a href="#signal">Controlling Apache as a Service</a>
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for more information on installing and controlling Apache
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services.</p>
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<p><strong>Apache, unlike many other Windows NT/2000 services,
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logs any errors to its own error.log file in the logs folder
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within the Apache server root folder. You will <em>not</em>
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find Apache error details in the Windows NT Event
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Log.</strong></p>
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<p>After starting Apache as a service (or if you have trouble
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starting it) you can test it using the same <a
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href="windows.html#cmdline">procedure</a> as for running in a
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console window. Remember to use the command:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -n "service name"
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</pre>
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<p>to assure you are using the service's configuration.</p>
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<h2><a id="service" name="service">Running Apache for Windows
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as a Service</a></h2>
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<p><strong>Note: The -n option to specify a service name is
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only available with Apache 1.3.7 and later.</strong> Earlier
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versions of Apache only support the default service name
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'Apache'.</p>
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<p>You can install Apache as a Windows NT service as
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follows:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -i -n "service name"
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</pre>
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<p>To install a service to use a particular configuration,
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specify the configuration file when the service is
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installed:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -i -n "service name" -f "\my server\conf\my.conf"
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</pre>
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<p>To remove an Apache service, use:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -u -n "service name"
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</pre>
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<p>The default "service name", if one is not specified, is
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"Apache".</p>
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<p>Once a service is installed, you can use the <samp>-n</samp>
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option, in conjunction with other options, to refer to a
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service's configuration file. For example:</p>
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<p>To test a service's configuration file:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -n "service name" -t
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</pre>
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<p>To start a console Apache using a service's configuration
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file:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -n "service name"
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</pre>
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<h2><a id="depends" name="depends">Important Note on service
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dependencies:</a></h2>
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<p>Prior to Apache release 1.3.13, the dependencies required to
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successfully start an installed service were not configured.
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After installing a service using earlier versions of Apache,
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you must follow these steps:</p>
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<pre>
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Run regedt32
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Select <u>W</u>indow - "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE on Local Machine" from the menu
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Double-click to open the SYSTEM, then the CurrentControlSet keys
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Scroll down and click on the Apache servicename
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Select <u>E</u>dit - Add <u>V</u>alue... from the menu
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Fill in the Add Value dialog with
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<u>V</u>alue Name: DependOnGroup
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<u>D</u>ata Type: REG_MULTI_SZ
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and click OK
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Leave the Multi-String Editor dialog empty and click OK
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Select <u>E</u>dit - Add <u>V</u>alue... from the menu
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Fill in the Add Value dialog with
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<u>V</u>alue Name: DependOnService
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<u>D</u>ata Type: REG_MULTI_SZ
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and click OK
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Type the following list (one per line) in the Multi-String Editor dialog
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Tcpip
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Afd
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and click OK
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</pre>
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<p>If you are using COM or DCOM components from a third party
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module, ISAPI, or other add-in scripting technologies such as
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ActiveState Perl, you may also need to add the entry Rpcss to
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the DependOnService list. To avoid exposing the TCP port 135
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when it is unnecessary, Apache does not create that entry upon
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installation. Follow the directions above to find or create the
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DependOnService value, double click that value if it already
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exists, and add the Rpcss entry to the list.</p>
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<h2>User Account for Apache Service to Run As (NT/2000)</h2>
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<p>When Apache is first installed as a service (e.g. with the
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-i option) it will run as user "System" (the LocalSystem
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account). There should be few issues if all resources for the
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web server reside on the local system, but it has broad
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security privileges to affect the local machine!</p>
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<blockquote>
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LocalSystem is a very privileged account locally, so you
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shouldn't run any shareware applications there. However, it
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has no network privileges and cannot leave the machine via
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any NT-secured mechanism, including file system, named pipes,
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DCOM, or secure RPC.
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</blockquote>
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<p><strong>NEVER grant network privileges to the SYSTEM
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account!</strong> Create a new user account instead, grant the
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appropriate privileges to that user, and use the the 'Log On
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As:' option. Select the Start Menu -> Settings -> Control
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Panel -> Services -> apache service ... and click the
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"Startup" button to access this setting.</p>
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<blockquote>
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A service that runs in the context of the LocalSystem account
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inherits the security context of the SCM. It is not
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associated with any logged-on user account and does not have
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credentials (domain name, user name, and password) to be used
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for verification.
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</blockquote>
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<p>The SYSTEM account has no privileges to the network, so
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shared pages or a shared installation of Apache is invisible to
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the service. If you intend to use <em>any</em> network
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resources, the following steps should help:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Select Apache from the Control Panel's Service dialog and
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click Startup.</li>
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<li>Verify that the service account is correct. You may wish
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to create an account for your Apache services.</li>
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<li>Retype the password and password confirmation.</li>
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<li>Go to User Manager for Domains.</li>
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<li>Click on Policies from the title bar menu, and select
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User Rights.</li>
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<li>Select the option for Advanced User Rights.</li>
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<li>
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In the drop-down list, verify that the following rights
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have been granted to the selected account:
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<ul>
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<li>Act as part of the operating system</li>
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<li>Back up files and directories</li>
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<li>Log on as a service</li>
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<li>Restore files and directories</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Confirm that the selected account is a member of the
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Users group.</li>
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<li>Confirm the selected account has access to all document
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and script directories (minimally read and browse
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access).</li>
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<li>Confirm the selected account has read/write/delete access
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to the Apache logs directory!</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If you allow the account to log in as a user, then you can
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log in yourself and test that the account has the privileges to
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execute the scripts, read the web pages, and that you can start
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Apache in a console window. If this works, and you have
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followed the steps above, Apache should execute as a service
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with no problems.</p>
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<p><strong>Note: error code 2186</strong> is a good indication
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that you need to review the 'Log On As' configuration, since
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the server can't access a required network resource.</p>
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<h2><a id="trouble" name="trouble">Troubleshooting Apache for
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Windows as a Service</a></h2>
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<p>When starting Apache as a service you may encounter an error
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message from Windows service manager. For example if you try to
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start Apache using the Services applet in Windows Control Panel
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you may get the following message;</p>
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<pre>
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Could not start the apache service on \\COMPUTER
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Error 1067; The process terminated unexpectedly.
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</pre>
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<p>You will get this error if there is any problem starting
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Apache. In order to see what is causing the problem you should
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follow the instructions for <a
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href="windows.html#cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the
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Command Line</a>.</p>
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<p>Also, Apache 1.3.13 now records startup errors in the
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Application Event Log under Windows NT/2000, if Apache is run
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as a service. Run the Event Viewer and select <u>L</u>og ...
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<u>A</u>pplication to see these events.</p>
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<p><strong>Check the Application Event Log with the Event
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Viewer in case of any problems, even if no error message pops
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up to warn you that an error occured.</strong></p>
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<h2><a id="cmdline" name="cmdline">Running Apache for Windows
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from the Command Line</a></h2>
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For details on controlling Apache service from the command
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line, please refer to <a href="windows.html#cmdline">console
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command line</a> section.
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<h2><a id="signal" name="signal">Controlling Apache as a
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Service</a></h2>
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<p>Multiple instances of Apache can be installed and run as
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services. Signal an installed Apache service to start, restart,
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or shutdown/stop as follows:</p>
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<pre>
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apache -n "service name" -k start
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apache -n "service name" -k restart
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apache -n "service name" -k shutdown
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apache -n "service name" -k stop
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</pre>
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<p>For the default "Apache" service, the -n Apache option is
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still required, since the -k commands without the -n option are
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directed at Apache running in a console window. The quotes are
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only required if the service name contains spaces.</p>
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<p><strong>Note: the -k stop alias for the -k shutdown command
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was introduced in Apache version 1.3.13.</strong> Earlier
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versions of Apache will only recognize the -k shutdown option.
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Prior to 1.3.3, Apache did not recognize <em>any</em> -k
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options at all!</p>
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<p>In addition, you can use the native NT NET command to start
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and stop Apache services as follows:</p>
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<pre>
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NET START "service name"
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NET STOP "service name"
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</pre>
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<p>Again, quotes are only required if the service name contains
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spaces.</p>
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<h2><a id="win95svc" name="win95svc">HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL
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Windows 95/98 Service</a></h2>
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<p><strong>Note: The service options for Windows 95 and 98 are
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only available with Apache 1.3.13 and later.</strong> Earlier
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versions of Apache only supported Apache in a console window
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for Windows 95/98.</p>
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<p>There is some support for Apache on Windows 95/98 to behave
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in a similar manner as a service on Windows NT/2000. It is
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<em>highly experimental</em>, if it works (at all) the Apache
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Sofware Foundation will not attest to its reliability or
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future support. Proceed at your own risk!</p>
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<p>Once you have confirmed that Apache runs correctly at the <a
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href="windows.html#cmdline">Command Prompt</a> you can install,
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control and uninstall it with the same commands as the Windows
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NT/2000 version.</p>
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<p>There are, however, significant differences that you should
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note:</p>
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<p>Apache will attempt to start and if successful it will run
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in the background. If you run the command</p>
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<pre>
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Apache -n "service name" -k start
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</pre>
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<p>via a shortcut on your desktop, for example, then if the
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service starts successfully a console window will flash up but
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immediately disappears. If Apache detects any errors on startup
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such as a incorrect entries in the httpd.conf file, then the
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console window will remain visible. This will display an error
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message which will be useful in tracking down the cause of the
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problem.</p>
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<p>Windows 95/98 does not support NET START or NET STOP
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commands so you must use Apache's Service Control options at a
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command prompt. You may wish to set up a shortcut for each of
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these commands so that you can just choose it from the start
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menu or desktop to perform the required action.</p>
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<p>Apache and Windows 95/98 offer no support for running the
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Apache service as a specific user with network privileges. In
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fact, Windows 95/98 offers no security on the local machine,
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either. This is the simple reason that the Apache Software
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Foundation never endorses the use of Windows 95/98 as a public
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httpd server. These facilities exist only to assist the user in
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developing web content and learning the Apache server, and
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perhaps as a intranet server on a secured, private network.</p>
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