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230 lines
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230 lines
14 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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<title>Access Control - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
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</script>
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<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Access Control</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
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<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>Access control refers to any means of controlling access to any
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resource. This is separate from <a href="auth.html">authentication and authorization</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#host">Access control by host</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moreinformation">More information</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#related" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Access control can be done by several different modules. The most
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important of these are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> and
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<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. Also discussed in this document
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is access control using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="host" id="host">Access control by host</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#host" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>
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If you wish to restrict access to portions of your site based on the
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host address of your visitors, this is most easily done using
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<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>.
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</p>
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<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>
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provides a variety of different ways to allow or deny access to
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resources. In conjunction with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives, these
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requirements may be combined in arbitrarily complex ways, to enforce
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whatever your access policy happens to be.</p>
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<div class="warning"><p>
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The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code>,
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code>, and
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#order">Order</a></code> directives,
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provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html">mod_access_compat</a></code>, are deprecated and
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will go away in a future version. You should avoid using them, and
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avoid outdated tutorials recommending their use.
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</p></div>
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<p>The usage of these directives is:</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require host <var>address</var>
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Require ip <var>ip.address</var>
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</pre>
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<p>In the first form, <var>address</var> is a fully qualified
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domain name (or a partial domain name); you may provide multiple
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addresses or domain names, if desired.</p>
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<p>In the second form, <var>ip.address</var> is an IP address, a
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partial IP address, a network/netmask pair, or a network/nnn CIDR
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specification. Either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses may be used.</p>
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<p>See <a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#requiredirectives">the
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mod_authz_host documentation</a> for further examples of this
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syntax.</p>
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<p>You can insert <code>not</code> to negate a particular requirement.
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Note, that since a <code>not</code> is a negation of a value, it cannot
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be used by itself to allow or deny a request, as <em>not true</em>
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does not constitute <em>false</em>. Thus, to deny a visit using a negation,
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the block must have one element that evaluates as true or false.
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For example, if you have someone spamming your message
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board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the
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following:</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><RequireAll>
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Require all granted
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Require not ip 10.252.46.165
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</RequireAll></pre>
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<p>Visitors coming from that address (<code>10.252.46.165</code>)
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will not be able to see the content covered by this directive. If,
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instead, you have a machine name, rather than an IP address, you
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can use that.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not host <var>host.example.com</var>
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</pre>
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<p>And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain,
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you can specify just part of an address or domain name:</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not ip 192.168.205
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Require not host phishers.example.com moreidiots.example
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Require not host gov</pre>
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<p>Use of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives may be
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used to enforce more complex sets of requirements.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="env" id="env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#env" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>,
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you can allow or deny access based on arbitrary environment
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variables or request header values. For example, to deny access
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based on user-agent (the browser type) you might do the
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following:</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} == 'BadBot'">
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Require all denied
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</If></pre>
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<p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>
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<code>expr</code> syntax, this could also be written as:</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require expr %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} != 'BadBot'</pre>
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<div class="note"><h3>Warning:</h3>
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<p>Access control by <code>User-Agent</code> is an unreliable technique,
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since the <code>User-Agent</code> header can be set to anything at all,
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at the whim of the end user.</p>
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</div>
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<p>See <a href="../expr.html">the expressions document</a> for a
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further discussion of what expression syntaxes and variables are
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available to you.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#rewrite" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The <code>[F]</code> <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> flag causes a 403 Forbidden
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response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based
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on arbitrary criteria.</p>
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<p>For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm
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and 7am, you can do this using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine On
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RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" ">=20" [OR]
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RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" "<07"
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RewriteRule "^/fridge" "-" [F]</pre>
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<p>This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm
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or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish
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to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if
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that approach is preferred.</p>
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<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> directive,
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added in 2.4, replaces many things that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> has
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traditionally been used to do, and you should probably look there first
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before resorting to mod_rewrite.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="moreinformation" id="moreinformation">More information</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#moreinformation" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The <a href="../expr.html">expression engine</a> gives you a
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great deal of power to do a variety of things based on arbitrary
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server variables, and you should consult that document for more
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detail.</p>
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<p>Also, you should read the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code>
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documentation for examples of combining multiple access requirements
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and specifying how they interact.</p>
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<p>See also the <a href="auth.html">Authentication and Authorization</a>
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howto.</p>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
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<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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