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515 lines
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515 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
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<title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
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<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
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<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in
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particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept
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is provided in the links.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#definitions" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
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<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
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usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
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Control</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt>
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<dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
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number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called
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<dfn>Ciphers</dfn>.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache
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eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt>
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<dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects
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(<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the
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Apache Web server.<br />
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See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt>
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<dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces
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between the server and the operating system. APR is developed
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parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br />
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See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime
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Project</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>
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<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
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client, or a user.<br />
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See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
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Control</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
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<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
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as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
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about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called
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the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public
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key</a> and the
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signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures
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using CA certificates.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
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<a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt>
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<dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for
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submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification
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Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA
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<em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real
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certificate.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>
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<a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt>
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<dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network
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entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities
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can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer
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of a certificate.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt>
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<dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4,
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etc.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt>
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<dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is
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passed through a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common
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Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt>
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<dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an
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external program that allows the external program to service requests.
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There is an <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">Informational
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RFC</a> which covers the specifics.<br />
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See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
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<dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd>
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<dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration
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File</a></dt>
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<dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a>
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that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
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See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>
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<dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data
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channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as
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the SSL protocol.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt>
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<dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
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files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br />
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See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe
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Apache Directives</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital
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Signature</a></dt>
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<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
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<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a>
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creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em>
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embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own
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<em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature,
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verifying that the CA has authenticated the network entity that owns the
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<em>Certificate</em>.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt>
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<dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's
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behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br />
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See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic
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Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt>
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<dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the
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Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
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See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment
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Variable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>
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<dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store
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information and communicate between programs. Apache also contains
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internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are
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stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the shell
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environment.<br />
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See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>
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<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
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with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
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Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
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resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
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force.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt>
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<dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the
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server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server,
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while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent
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to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter
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processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side
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Includes</a>.<br />
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See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a>
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<a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt>
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<dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a
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domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example,
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<code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name,
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and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt>
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<dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a
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file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
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type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
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file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
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<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as
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<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br />
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See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt>
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<dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversible algorithm generating a string with
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fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings
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will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function).
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt>
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<dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and
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response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains
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meta-information describing the content.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt>
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<dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that
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is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is
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placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold
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almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
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See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
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<dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
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file</a>. The default location is
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<code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using
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run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
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See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a>
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<a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt>
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<dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache
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implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and
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defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
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<dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
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communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
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over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt>
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<dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to
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perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some
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of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>,
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and <code>PUT</code>.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
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<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
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the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt>
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<dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted. Its name
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comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose
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Internet Mail Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type,
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separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>,
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<code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
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HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code>
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<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br />
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See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt>
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<dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is
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contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules
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that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are
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called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored
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separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called
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<dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>.
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Modules that are included by default
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are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache
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that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as
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<dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br />
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See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic
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Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt>
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<dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that
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is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when
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internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of
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API change in such a way that binary compatibility cannot be guaranteed
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any more. On MMN change, all third party modules have to be at least
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recompiled, sometimes even slightly changed in order to work with the new
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version of Apache.
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>
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<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
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See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>#
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>
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<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents
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unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret
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encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
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<dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>
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<dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt>
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<dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key
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Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and
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sign outgoing ones.<br />
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See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
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</dd>
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<dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin
|
|
server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests
|
|
on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin
|
|
server to the client. If several clients request the same content, the
|
|
proxy can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it
|
|
from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
|
|
used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures
|
|
made by its owner.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use
|
|
one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of
|
|
such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography.
|
|
<br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="regularexpression" id="regularexpression">Regular Expression</a>
|
|
<a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that
|
|
begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every
|
|
sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular
|
|
expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain
|
|
attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways
|
|
- for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could
|
|
be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". In places where
|
|
regular expressions are used to replace strings, the special variables
|
|
$1 ... $9 contain backreferences to the grouped parts (in parentheses) of
|
|
the matched expression. The special variable $0 contains a backreference
|
|
to the whole matched expression. To write a literal dollar sign in a
|
|
replacement string, it can be escaped with a backslash. Historically, the
|
|
variable & could be used as alias for $0 in some places. This is no
|
|
longer possible since version 2.3.6. Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular
|
|
Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a>
|
|
library. You can find more documentation about PCRE's regular expression
|
|
syntax at that site, or at
|
|
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client
|
|
as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real
|
|
origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets
|
|
Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general
|
|
communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most
|
|
popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
|
|
over SSL.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Server Name
|
|
Indication</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>An SSL function that allows passing the desired server
|
|
hostname in the initial SSL handshake message, so that the web
|
|
server can select the correct virtual host configuration to use
|
|
in processing the SSL handshake. It was added to SSL starting
|
|
with the TLS extensions, RFC 3546. <br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a>
|
|
and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side
|
|
Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A.
|
|
Young
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Subrequest</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Apache provides a subrequest API to modules that allows other
|
|
filesystem or URL paths to be partially or fully evaluated by
|
|
the server. Example consumers of this API are
|
|
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>,
|
|
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric
|
|
Cryptography</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
|
|
for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility.
|
|
Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using
|
|
pkzip.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport
|
|
Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
|
|
Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
|
|
TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform
|
|
Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common
|
|
informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>.
|
|
URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or
|
|
<code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might
|
|
be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/glossary.html</code>.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>
|
|
<a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical
|
|
resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the
|
|
world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP
|
|
virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
|
|
address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the
|
|
host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br />
|
|
See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
|
|
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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