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256 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
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<!--
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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-->
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<title>Getting Started - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
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</script>
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<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Getting Started</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/getting-started.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/getting-started.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
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<a href="./fr/getting-started.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./ru/getting-started.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>If you're completely new to the Apache HTTP Server, or even to running
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a website at all, you might not know where to start, or what questions to
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ask. This document walks you through the basics.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#clientserver">Clients, Servers, and URLs</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dns">Hostnames and DNS</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#configuration">Configuration Files and Directives</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#content">Web Site Content</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logs">Log Files and Troubleshooting</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#other">What's next?</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="clientserver" id="clientserver">Clients, Servers, and URLs</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#clientserver" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>
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Addresses on the Web are expressed with URLs - Uniform Resource Locators
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- which specify a protocol (e.g. <code>http</code>), a servername (e.g.
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<code>www.apache.org</code>), a URL-path (e.g.
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<code>/docs/current/getting-started.html</code>), and possibly a query
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string (e.g. <code>?arg=value</code>) used to pass additional
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arguments to the server.
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</p>
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<p>A client (e.g., a web browser) connects to a server (e.g., your Apache HTTP Server),
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with the specified protocol, and makes a <strong>request</strong> for a resource using the
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URL-path.</p>
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<p>The URL-path may represent any number of things on the server. It may
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be a file (like <code>getting-started.html</code>) a handler (like <a href="mod/mod_status.html">server-status</a>) or some kind of program
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file (like <code>index.php</code>). We'll discuss this more below in
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the <a href="#content">Web Site Content</a> section.</p>
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<p>
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The server will send a <strong>response</strong> consisting of a status
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code and, optionally, a response body.
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The status code indicates whether the request was successful, and, if not, what
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kind of error condition there was. This tells the client what it should
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do with the response. You can read about the possible response codes in
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<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CommonHTTPStatusCodes">HTTP Server
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wiki</a>.</p>
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<p>Details of the transaction, and any error conditions, are written to
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log files. This is discussed in greater detail below in the <a href="#logs">Logs Files and Troubleshooting</a> section.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="dns" id="dns">Hostnames and DNS</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#dns" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>In order to connect to a server, the client will first have to resolve
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the servername to an IP address - the location on the Internet where the
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server resides. Thus, in order for your web server to be reachable, it
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is necessary that the servername be in DNS.</p>
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<p>If you don't know how to do this, you'll need to contact your network
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administrator, or Internet service provider, to perform this step for
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you.</p>
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<p>More than one hostname may point to the same IP address, and more
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than one IP address can be attached to the same physical server. Thus, you
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can run more than one web site on the same physical server, using a
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feature called <a href="vhosts/">virtual hosts</a>.</p>
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<p>If you are testing a server that is not Internet-accessible, you
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can put host names in your hosts file in order to do local resolution.
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For example, you might want to put a record in your hosts file to map a
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request for <code>www.example.com</code> to your local system, for
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testing purposes. This entry would look like:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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127.0.0.1 www.example.com
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</code></p></div>
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<p>A hosts file will probably be located at <code>/etc/hosts</code> or
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<code>C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts</code>.</p>
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<p>You can read more about the hosts file at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)">Wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)</a>, and
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more about DNS at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System">Wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System</a>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="configuration" id="configuration">Configuration Files and Directives</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#configuration" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The Apache HTTP Server is configured via simple text files.
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These files may be located any of a variety of places, depending on how
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exactly you installed the server. Common locations for these files may
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be found <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/DistrosDefaultLayout">in
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the httpd wiki</a>. If you installed httpd from source, the default
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location of the configuration files is
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<code>/usr/local/apache2/conf</code>. The default configuration file is
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usually called <code>httpd.conf</code>. This, too, can vary in
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third-party distributions of the server.</p>
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<p>The configuration is frequently broken into multiple smaller files,
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for ease of management. These files are loaded via the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code> directive. The names or locations of
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these sub-files are not magical, and may vary greatly from one
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installation to another. Arrange and subdivide these files as
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makes the most sense to <strong>you</strong>. If the file arrangement
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you have by default doesn't make sense to you, feel free to rearrange it.</p>
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<p>The server is configured by placing <a href="mod/quickreference.html">configuration directives</a> in these
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configuration files. A directive is a keyword followed by one or more
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arguments that set its value.</p>
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<p>The question of "<em>Where should I put that
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directive?</em>" is generally answered by considering where you want a
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directive to be effective. If it is a global setting, it should appear
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in the configuration file, outside of any <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>, or other section. If it is to
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apply only to a particular directory, then it should go inside a
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section referring to
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that directory, and so on. See the <a href="sections.html">Configuration
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Sections</a> document for further discussion of these sections.</p>
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<p>In addition to the main configuration files, certain directives may go in
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<code>.htaccess</code> files located in the content directories.
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<code>.htaccess</code> files are primarily for people who do not have
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access to the main server configuration file(s). You can read more about
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<code>.htaccess</code> files in the <a href="howto/htaccess.html"><code>.htaccess</code> howto</a>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="content" id="content">Web Site Content</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#content" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Web site content can take many different forms, but may be broadly
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divided into static and dynamic content.</p>
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<p>Static content is things like HTML files, image files, CSS files,
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and other files that reside in the filesystem. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directive specifies where in your
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filesystem you should place these files. This directive is either set
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globally, or per virtual host. Look in your configuration file(s) to
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determine how this is set for your server.</p>
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<p>Typically, a document called <code>index.html</code> will be served
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when a directory is requested without a file name being specified. For
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example, if <code>DocumentRoot</code> is set to
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<code>/var/www/html</code> and a request is made for
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<code>http://www.example.com/work/</code>, the file
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<code>/var/www/html/work/index.html</code> will be served to the
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client.</p>
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<p>Dynamic content is anything that is generated at request
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time, and may change from one request to another. There are numerous
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ways that dynamic content may be generated. Various <a href="handler.html">handlers</a> are available to generate content. <a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI programs</a> may be written to generate
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content for your site.</p>
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<p>Third-party modules like mod_php may be used to write code that does a
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variety of things. Many third-party applications, written using a
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variety of languages and tools, are available for download and
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installation on your Apache HTTP Server. Support of these third-party
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things is beyond the scope of this documentation, and you should find
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their documentation or other support forums to answer your questions
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about them.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="logs" id="logs">Log Files and Troubleshooting</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#logs" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>As an Apache HTTP Server administrator, your most valuable assets are
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the log files, and, in particular, the error log. Troubleshooting any
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problem without the error log is like driving with your eyes closed.</p>
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<p>The location of the error log is defined by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> directive, which may be set globally,
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or per virtual host. Entries in the error log tell you what went wrong,
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and when. They often also tell you how to fix it. Each error log message
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contains an error code, which you can search for online for even more
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detailed descriptions of how to address the problem. You can also
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configure your error log to contain a log ID which you can then
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correlate to an access log entry, so that you can determine what request
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caused the error condition.</p>
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<p>You can read more about logging in the <a href="logs.html">logs
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documentation</a>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="other" id="other">What's next?</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#other" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Once you have the prerequisites under your belt, it's time to move
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on.</p>
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<p>This document covers only the bare basics. We hope that this gets you
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started, but there are many other things that you might need to
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know.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi">Download</a></li>
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<li><a href="install.html">Install</a></li>
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<li><a href="configuring.html">Configure</a></li>
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<li><a href="invoking.html">Start</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div>
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/getting-started.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/getting-started.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
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<a href="./fr/getting-started.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./ru/getting-started.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a></p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
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