bookstack/app/Console/Commands/UpgradeDatabaseEncodingCommand.php

<?php

namespace BookStack\Console\Commands;

use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class UpgradeDatabaseEncodingCommand extends Command
{
    /**
     * The name and signature of the console command.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $signature = 'bookstack:db-utf8mb4 
                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';

    /**
     * The console command description.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $description = 'Generate SQL commands to upgrade the database to UTF8mb4';


    /**
     * Execute the console command.
     */
    public function handle(): int
    {
        $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
        if ($this->option('database') !== null) {
            DB::setDefaultConnection($this->option('database'));
        }

        $database = DB::getDatabaseName();
        $tables = DB::select('SHOW TABLES');
        $this->line('ALTER DATABASE `' . $database . '` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;');
        $this->line('USE `' . $database . '`;');
        $key = 'Tables_in_' . $database;
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $tableName = $table->$key;
            $this->line("ALTER TABLE `{$tableName}` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;");
        }

        DB::setDefaultConnection($connection);

        return 0;
    }
}