diff --git a/crates/axum-utils/src/user_authorization.rs b/crates/axum-utils/src/user_authorization.rs
index c8aeb4cf..6d4e592e 100644
--- a/crates/axum-utils/src/user_authorization.rs
+++ b/crates/axum-utils/src/user_authorization.rs
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ impl AccessToken {
         &self,
         conn: &mut PgConnection,
     ) -> Result<
-        (
-            mas_data_model::AccessToken<PostgresqlBackend>,
-            Session<PostgresqlBackend>,
-        ),
+        (mas_data_model::AccessToken, Session<PostgresqlBackend>),
         AuthorizationVerificationError,
     > {
         let token = match self {
diff --git a/crates/data-model/src/tokens.rs b/crates/data-model/src/tokens.rs
index 85c68837..cf56a46b 100644
--- a/crates/data-model/src/tokens.rs
+++ b/crates/data-model/src/tokens.rs
@@ -17,47 +17,23 @@ use crc::{Crc, CRC_32_ISO_HDLC};
 use mas_iana::oauth::OAuthTokenTypeHint;
 use rand::{distributions::Alphanumeric, Rng};
 use thiserror::Error;
-
-use crate::traits::{StorageBackend, StorageBackendMarker};
+use ulid::Ulid;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AccessToken<T: StorageBackend> {
-    pub data: T::AccessTokenData,
+pub struct AccessToken {
+    pub id: Ulid,
     pub jti: String,
     pub access_token: String,
     pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
     pub expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }
 
-impl<S: StorageBackendMarker> From<AccessToken<S>> for AccessToken<()> {
-    fn from(t: AccessToken<S>) -> Self {
-        AccessToken {
-            data: (),
-            jti: t.jti,
-            access_token: t.access_token,
-            expires_at: t.expires_at,
-            created_at: t.created_at,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct RefreshToken<T: StorageBackend> {
-    pub data: T::RefreshTokenData,
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RefreshToken {
+    pub id: Ulid,
     pub refresh_token: String,
     pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-    pub access_token: Option<AccessToken<T>>,
-}
-
-impl<S: StorageBackendMarker> From<RefreshToken<S>> for RefreshToken<()> {
-    fn from(t: RefreshToken<S>) -> Self {
-        RefreshToken {
-            data: (),
-            refresh_token: t.refresh_token,
-            created_at: t.created_at,
-            access_token: t.access_token.map(Into::into),
-        }
-    }
+    pub access_token: Option<AccessToken>,
 }
 
 /// Type of token to generate or validate
diff --git a/crates/storage/src/oauth2/access_token.rs b/crates/storage/src/oauth2/access_token.rs
index b26bc1ad..3cdb0732 100644
--- a/crates/storage/src/oauth2/access_token.rs
+++ b/crates/storage/src/oauth2/access_token.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub async fn add_access_token(
     session: &Session<PostgresqlBackend>,
     access_token: String,
     expires_after: Duration,
-) -> Result<AccessToken<PostgresqlBackend>, anyhow::Error> {
+) -> Result<AccessToken, anyhow::Error> {
     let created_at = clock.now();
     let expires_at = created_at + expires_after;
     let id = Ulid::from_datetime_with_source(created_at.into(), &mut rng);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub async fn add_access_token(
     .context("could not insert oauth2 access token")?;
 
     Ok(AccessToken {
-        data: id,
+        id,
         access_token,
         jti: id.to_string(),
         created_at,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ impl LookupError for AccessTokenLookupError {
 pub async fn lookup_active_access_token(
     conn: &mut PgConnection,
     token: &str,
-) -> Result<(AccessToken<PostgresqlBackend>, Session<PostgresqlBackend>), AccessTokenLookupError> {
+) -> Result<(AccessToken, Session<PostgresqlBackend>), AccessTokenLookupError> {
     let res = sqlx::query_as!(
         OAuth2AccessTokenLookup,
         r#"
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ pub async fn lookup_active_access_token(
 
     let id = Ulid::from(res.oauth2_access_token_id);
     let access_token = AccessToken {
-        data: id,
+        id,
         jti: id.to_string(),
         access_token: res.oauth2_access_token,
         created_at: res.oauth2_access_token_created_at,
@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@ pub async fn lookup_active_access_token(
 
 #[tracing::instrument(
     skip_all,
-    fields(access_token.id = %access_token.data),
+    fields(%access_token.id),
     err(Debug),
 )]
 pub async fn revoke_access_token(
     executor: impl PgExecutor<'_>,
     clock: &Clock,
-    access_token: AccessToken<PostgresqlBackend>,
+    access_token: AccessToken,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let revoked_at = clock.now();
     let res = sqlx::query!(
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ pub async fn revoke_access_token(
             SET revoked_at = $2
             WHERE oauth2_access_token_id = $1
         "#,
-        Uuid::from(access_token.data),
+        Uuid::from(access_token.id),
         revoked_at,
     )
     .execute(executor)
diff --git a/crates/storage/src/oauth2/refresh_token.rs b/crates/storage/src/oauth2/refresh_token.rs
index 0bedf5b8..a91285ca 100644
--- a/crates/storage/src/oauth2/refresh_token.rs
+++ b/crates/storage/src/oauth2/refresh_token.rs
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ pub async fn add_refresh_token(
     mut rng: impl Rng + Send,
     clock: &Clock,
     session: &Session<PostgresqlBackend>,
-    access_token: AccessToken<PostgresqlBackend>,
+    access_token: AccessToken,
     refresh_token: String,
-) -> anyhow::Result<RefreshToken<PostgresqlBackend>> {
+) -> anyhow::Result<RefreshToken> {
     let created_at = clock.now();
     let id = Ulid::from_datetime_with_source(created_at.into(), &mut rng);
     tracing::Span::current().record("refresh_token.id", tracing::field::display(id));
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn add_refresh_token(
         "#,
         Uuid::from(id),
         Uuid::from(session.data),
-        Uuid::from(access_token.data),
+        Uuid::from(access_token.id),
         refresh_token,
         created_at,
     )
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn add_refresh_token(
     .context("could not insert oauth2 refresh token")?;
 
     Ok(RefreshToken {
-        data: id,
+        id,
         refresh_token,
         access_token: Some(access_token),
         created_at,
@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ impl LookupError for RefreshTokenLookupError {
 pub async fn lookup_active_refresh_token(
     conn: &mut PgConnection,
     token: &str,
-) -> Result<(RefreshToken<PostgresqlBackend>, Session<PostgresqlBackend>), RefreshTokenLookupError>
-{
+) -> Result<(RefreshToken, Session<PostgresqlBackend>), RefreshTokenLookupError> {
     let res = sqlx::query_as!(
         OAuth2RefreshTokenLookup,
         r#"
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ pub async fn lookup_active_refresh_token(
         (Some(id), Some(access_token), Some(created_at), Some(expires_at)) => {
             let id = Ulid::from(id);
             Some(AccessToken {
-                data: id,
+                id,
                 jti: id.to_string(),
                 access_token,
                 created_at,
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ pub async fn lookup_active_refresh_token(
     };
 
     let refresh_token = RefreshToken {
-        data: res.oauth2_refresh_token_id.into(),
+        id: res.oauth2_refresh_token_id.into(),
         refresh_token: res.oauth2_refresh_token,
         created_at: res.oauth2_refresh_token_created_at,
         access_token,
@@ -261,14 +260,14 @@ pub async fn lookup_active_refresh_token(
 #[tracing::instrument(
     skip_all,
     fields(
-        refresh_token.id = %refresh_token.data,
+        %refresh_token.id,
     ),
     err(Debug),
 )]
 pub async fn consume_refresh_token(
     executor: impl PgExecutor<'_>,
     clock: &Clock,
-    refresh_token: &RefreshToken<PostgresqlBackend>,
+    refresh_token: &RefreshToken,
 ) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
     let consumed_at = clock.now();
     let res = sqlx::query!(
@@ -277,7 +276,7 @@ pub async fn consume_refresh_token(
             SET consumed_at = $2
             WHERE oauth2_refresh_token_id = $1
         "#,
-        Uuid::from(refresh_token.data),
+        Uuid::from(refresh_token.id),
         consumed_at,
     )
     .execute(executor)