[lib] Make lib compatible with -Wfall-through excepting legacy

Switch to a macro `ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;` instead of a comment. On supported
compilers this uses an attribute, otherwise it becomes a comment.

This is necessary to be compatible with clang's `-Wfall-through`, and
gcc's `-Wfall-through=2` which don't support comments. Without this the
linux build emits a bunch of warnings.

Also add a test to CI to ensure that we don't regress.

contrib/linux-kernel/Makefile

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ libzstd:
 		-U_WIN32 \
 		-RZSTDLIB_VISIBILITY= \
 		-RZSTDERRORLIB_VISIBILITY= \
+		-RZSTD_FALLTHROUGH=fallthrough \
 		-DZSTD_HAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=0 \
 		-DZSTD_TRACE=0 \
 		-DZSTD_NO_TRACE

contrib/linux-kernel/test/include/linux/compiler.h

@@ -18,4 +18,6 @@
 #define noinline __attribute__((noinline))
 #endif
 
+#define fallthrough __attribute__((__fallthrough__))
+
 #endif