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Ref: https://best.openssf.org/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.html (2023-11-29) Enable new warnings: - replace `-Wno-sign-conversion` with `-Wsign-conversion`. Fix them in example, tests and wincng. There remain about 360 of these warnings in `src`. Add a TODO item for those and disable `-Werror` for this particular warning. - enable `-Wformat=2` for clang (in both cmake and autotools). - enable `__attribute__((format))` for `_libssh2_debug()`, `_libssh2_snprintf()` and in tests for `run_command()`. `LIBSSH2_PRINTF()` copied from `CURL_TEMP_PRINTF()` in curl. - enable `-Wimplicit-fallthrough`. - enable `-Wtrampolines`. Fix them: - src: replace obsolete fall-through-comments with `__attribute__((fallthrough))`. - wincng: fix `-Wsign-conversion` warnings. - tests: fix `-Wsign-conversion` warnings. - example: fix `-Wsign-conversion` warnings. - src: fix `-Wformat` issues in trace calls. Also, where necessary fix `int` and `unsigned char` casts to `unsigned int` and adjust printf format strings. These were not causing compiler warnings. Cast large types to `long` to avoid dealing with printf masks for `size_t` and other C99 types. Existing code often used `int` for this. I'll update them to `long` in an upcoming commit. - tests: fix `-Wformat` warning. - silence `-Wformat-nonliteral` warnings. - mbedtls: silence `-Wsign-conversion`/`-Warith-conversion` in external header. Closes #1257