diff --git a/manifest b/manifest
index 933db6b26c..eb2854b561 100644
--- a/manifest
+++ b/manifest
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-C Merge\sfrom\strunk:\s\s(1)\sRecent\sbug\sfixes\s(2)\sSTAT4\ssupport\s(3)\swin32-longpath\nsupport.
-D 2013-08-29T15:08:38.537
+C Merge\sin\sall\sthe\slatest\strunk\schanges,\sincluding\sthe\swin32-longpath\sVFS\sand\nthe\sfix\sfor\sthe\ssegfault\sin\sthe\somit-left-join\soptimization.
+D 2013-09-03T14:49:07.725
 F Makefile.arm-wince-mingw32ce-gcc d6df77f1f48d690bd73162294bbba7f59507c72f
 F Makefile.in aff38bc64c582dd147f18739532198372587b0f0
 F Makefile.linux-gcc 91d710bdc4998cb015f39edf3cb314ec4f4d7e23
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ F sqlite.pc.in 42b7bf0d02e08b9e77734a47798d1a55a9e0716b
 F sqlite3.1 6be1ad09113570e1fc8dcaff84c9b0b337db5ffc
 F sqlite3.pc.in 48fed132e7cb71ab676105d2a4dc77127d8c1f3a
 F src/alter.c 2af0330bb1b601af7a7789bf7229675fd772a083
-F src/analyze.c 7f869a251f3d58d3b95883eeae425d4ee17a66bd
+F src/analyze.c 66903e3e5a36eee728c0dc1d574e8cb16059210f
 F src/attach.c fea00cab11c854646a27641a263f5876569a51f9
 F src/auth.c 523da7fb4979469955d822ff9298352d6b31de34
 F src/backup.c 2f1987981139bd2f6d8c728d64bf09fb387443c3
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ F src/journal.c b4124532212b6952f42eb2c12fa3c25701d8ba8d
 F src/legacy.c 0df0b1550b9cc1f58229644735e317ac89131f12
 F src/lempar.c cdf0a000315332fc9b50b62f3b5e22e080a0952b
 F src/loadext.c 867c7b330b740c6c917af9956b13b81d0a048303
-F src/main.c 525985af588234b3d01b48fe856b83d9bdc2d912
+F src/main.c 97cc7970a6010e9c7a3cc96d2845b6be947909b6
 F src/malloc.c fe085aa851b666b7c375c1ff957643dc20a04bf6
 F src/mem0.c 6a55ebe57c46ca1a7d98da93aaa07f99f1059645
 F src/mem1.c 437c7c4af964895d4650f29881df63535caaa1fa
-F src/mem2.c e243acb034f91e75e4c06aed5d3d960025c62d1f
+F src/mem2.c dce31758da87ec2cfa52ba4c5df1aed6e07d8e8f
 F src/mem3.c 61c9d47b792908c532ca3a62b999cf21795c6534
 F src/mem5.c 0025308a93838022bd5696cf9627ff4e40b19918
 F src/memjournal.c 0683aac6cab6ec2b5374c0db37c0deb2436a3785
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ F src/notify.c 976dd0f6171d4588e89e874fcc765e92914b6d30
 F src/os.c b4ad71336fd96f97776f75587cd9e8218288f5be
 F src/os.h 4a46270a64e9193af4a0aaa3bc2c66dc07c29b3f
 F src/os_common.h 92815ed65f805560b66166e3583470ff94478f04
-F src/os_unix.c c27a14a05061e4e690bd3949dc0246bda35e399d
-F src/os_win.c 26d752736dff0c7e4e384ab65b353cce1e7e19c5
+F src/os_unix.c 243fb37f47dc072fc59839ea241ff0a17c8d76e6
+F src/os_win.c bb592dfb850e4ee3e4caecce461dca74dc40936d
 F src/pager.c 2aa4444ffe86e9282d03bc349a4a5e49bd77c0e8
 F src/pager.h f094af9f6ececfaa8a1e93876905a4f34233fb0c
 F src/parse.y 27c6b4138497d6f8360ba7847da6ed48033f957f
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ F src/resolve.c 9d53899cc6e1f4ec0b4632d07e97d57827bf63b9
 F src/rowset.c 64655f1a627c9c212d9ab497899e7424a34222e0
 F src/select.c 8b148eb851f384412aea57091659d14b369918ca
 F src/shell.c dbe064d404bb497acd8a44c066cd6b8460a71236
-F src/sqlite.h.in dcca940021f8f6643630fb7711bfd4e3fa002566
+F src/sqlite.h.in d8c9a296c52e115e07eeea9360a43949e2c842fe
 F src/sqlite3.rc fea433eb0a59f4c9393c8e6d76a6e2596b1fe0c0
 F src/sqlite3ext.h 886f5a34de171002ad46fae8c36a7d8051c190fc
 F src/sqliteInt.h 7806162e2d9796e9d9b6025f0757904b605ff91c
@@ -297,20 +297,20 @@ F src/vdbeInt.h 9bf236dc477fb8f1f54b078cf80064663f8a409a
 F src/vdbeapi.c ae87d198eb3ce67c02886601baee0fd478092076
 F src/vdbeaux.c 20ec92cdc43374b6537fbd7bc2cf7a28967bbe44
 F src/vdbeblob.c 1268e0bcb8e21fa32520b0fc376e1bcdfaa0c642
-F src/vdbemem.c 4511e1d2304a7d7916d14be20080036331740fcf
+F src/vdbemem.c 75ad7fd8f068a8baaba1cf3a84714ef7d3b7a2b8
 F src/vdbesort.c 3937e06b2a0e354500e17dc206ef4c35770a5017
 F src/vdbetrace.c e7ec40e1999ff3c6414424365d5941178966dcbc
 F src/vtab.c 165ce0e797c2cd23badb104c9f2ae9042d6d942c
 F src/wal.c 7dc3966ef98b74422267e7e6e46e07ff6c6eb1b4
 F src/wal.h df01efe09c5cb8c8e391ff1715cca294f89668a4
 F src/walker.c 4fa43583d0a84b48f93b1e88f11adf2065be4e73
-F src/where.c cad6497f79307c2c94aaf72e64866bb33cf99d59
+F src/where.c 99477e9dd4d4d33be32115b4fbd18b6f033d045a
 F test/8_3_names.test ebbb5cd36741350040fd28b432ceadf495be25b2
 F test/aggerror.test a867e273ef9e3d7919f03ef4f0e8c0d2767944f2
 F test/aggnested.test 45c0201e28045ad38a530b5a144b73cd4aa2cfd6
 F test/alias.test 4529fbc152f190268a15f9384a5651bbbabc9d87
 F test/all.test 6ff7b43c2b4b905c74dc4a813d201d0fa64c5783
-F test/alter.test 7e771c3c3f401198557dbbcf4a2c21950ba934f3
+F test/alter.test 775a1dded3f8247983c9a3e767b011d9a5114442
 F test/alter2.test 7ea05c7d92ac99349a802ef7ada17294dd647060
 F test/alter3.test 49c9d9fba2b8fcdce2dedeca97bbf1f369cc548d
 F test/alter4.test 8e93bf7a7e6919b14b0c9a6c1e4908bcf21b0165
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ F test/analyze5.test 765c4e284aa69ca172772aa940946f55629bc8c4
 F test/analyze6.test 19151da2c4e918905d2081b74ac5c4d47fc850ab
 F test/analyze7.test bb1409afc9e8629e414387ef048b8e0e3e0bdc4f
 F test/analyze8.test 093d15c1c888eed5034304a98c992f7360130b88
-F test/analyze9.test 3095a9ebfea4a2b1f9db60375320ae7f219595ba
+F test/analyze9.test 3b23fc97bcc0f4b5629aacdd8e1aa267114dcc79
 F test/analyzeA.test 1a5c40079894847976d983ca39c707aaa44b6944
 F test/async.test 1d0e056ba1bb9729283a0f22718d3a25e82c277b
 F test/async2.test c0a9bd20816d7d6a2ceca7b8c03d3d69c28ffb8b
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ F test/fts4merge2.test 5faa558d1b672f82b847d2a337465fa745e46891
 F test/fts4merge3.test aab02a09f50fe6baaddc2e159c3eabc116d45fc7
 F test/fts4merge4.test c19c85ca1faa7b6d536832b49c12e1867235f584
 F test/fts4noti.test aed33ba44808852dcb24bf70fa132e7bf530f057
-F test/fts4unicode.test c8ac44217bf6c17812b03eaafa6c06995ad304c2
+F test/fts4unicode.test 5fa8e0a7899d906d114345c605250ebfa9d8ed28
 F test/full.test 6b3c8fb43c6beab6b95438c1675374b95fab245d
 F test/func.test cd25cf605c5a345d038dc7b84232204c6a901c84
 F test/func2.test 772d66227e4e6684b86053302e2d74a2500e1e0f
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ F test/pagesize.test 1dd51367e752e742f58e861e65ed7390603827a0
 F test/pcache.test b09104b03160aca0d968d99e8cd2c5b1921a993d
 F test/pcache2.test a83efe2dec0d392f814bfc998def1d1833942025
 F test/percentile.test b98fc868d71eb5619d42a1702e9ab91718cbed54
-F test/permutations.test f71ed33a1e9939ea6e2cde406afedfc46a958088
+F test/permutations.test e47491436e9fc8647535ab92602e01f3012a5b9d
 F test/pragma.test 5e7de6c32a5d764f09437d2025f07e4917b9e178
 F test/pragma2.test 224f0381f9411a78ae685cac24c13656a62021b7
 F test/printf.test ec9870c4dce8686a37818e0bf1aba6e6a1863552
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ F test/walro.test 6cc247a0cc9b36aeea2057dd28a922a1cdfbd630
 F test/walshared.test 0befc811dcf0b287efae21612304d15576e35417
 F test/walslow.test e7be6d9888f83aa5d3d3c7c08aa9b5c28b93609a
 F test/walthread.test de8dbaf6d9e41481c460ba31ca61e163d7348f8e
-F test/where.test da54153a4c1571ea1b95659e5bec8119edf786aa
+F test/where.test 8d66dfbfd4d12816f74f854dbf67dee492c06267
 F test/where2.test 76d5346f7edb2a6a0442dcf3e9d088ac6903e0b5
 F test/where3.test d28c51f257e60be30f74308fa385ceeddfb54a6e
 F test/where4.test e9b9e2f2f98f00379e6031db6a6fca29bae782a2
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ F test/whereB.test 0def95db3bdec220a731c7e4bec5930327c1d8c5
 F test/whereC.test d6f4ecd4fa2d9429681a5b22a25d2bda8e86ab8a
 F test/whereD.test 6c2feb79ef1f68381b07f39017fe5f9b96da8d62
 F test/whereE.test b3a055eef928c992b0a33198a7b8dc10eea5ad2f
-F test/whereF.test 136a7301512d72a08a272806c8767066311b7bc1
+F test/whereF.test 5b2ba0dbe8074aa13e416b37c753991f0a2492d7
 F test/wherelimit.test 5e9fd41e79bb2b2d588ed999d641d9c965619b31
 F test/wild001.test bca33f499866f04c24510d74baf1e578d4e44b1c
 F test/win32lock.test 7a6bd73a5dcdee39b5bb93e92395e1773a194361
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ F tool/mkkeywordhash.c bb52064aa614e1426445e4b2b9b00eeecd23cc79
 F tool/mkopts.tcl 66ac10d240cc6e86abd37dc908d50382f84ff46e
 F tool/mkspeedsql.tcl a1a334d288f7adfe6e996f2e712becf076745c97
 F tool/mksqlite3c-noext.tcl 8bce31074e4cbe631bb7676526a048335f4c9f02
-F tool/mksqlite3c.tcl 3e55715d165688d969392d792c81f79552049add
+F tool/mksqlite3c.tcl 72e4608a3b53994b11cf2d2a6fcd7d868543cd13
 F tool/mksqlite3h.tcl 2d0f1b3768f8d000b7881217d5fd4c776eb27467
 F tool/mksqlite3internalh.tcl 3dca7bb5374cee003379b8cbac73714f610ef795
 F tool/mkvsix.tcl 0be7f7a591f1e83f9199cb82911b66668ca484c9
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ F tool/warnings-clang.sh f6aa929dc20ef1f856af04a730772f59283631d4
 F tool/warnings.sh fbc018d67fd7395f440c28f33ef0f94420226381
 F tool/wherecosttest.c f407dc4c79786982a475261866a161cd007947ae
 F tool/win/sqlite.vsix 97894c2790eda7b5bce3cc79cb2a8ec2fde9b3ac
-P 6cc54de88bba00e07fac9de36caac216d94bf070 d4b6ad3333cc3bad500c2ebf7a6ea552b6762b69
-R d689ec9368fec2d3c01e607f2975aafd
+P e7ebc8f74fe91dee26f952fdf49e427b45448667 0303d6bc7112e6f810ae1bd75cafc5ffc51f5212
+R cdd791bbe55c5aec396c46dfbe20e9e5
 U drh
-Z 0eee6dedcb9d483d45a308318f1cb363
+Z 7030b9cbfaf54b170da506be7cca2cb4
diff --git a/manifest.uuid b/manifest.uuid
index bc88aac0d3..66c3a7fdb8 100644
--- a/manifest.uuid
+++ b/manifest.uuid
@@ -1 +1 @@
-e7ebc8f74fe91dee26f952fdf49e427b45448667
\ No newline at end of file
+cdd3838b7876639cf99904b2054884247fbff529
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/analyze.c b/src/analyze.c
index 46ebac4c3a..89dc84f2c1 100644
--- a/src/analyze.c
+++ b/src/analyze.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 ** version of sqlite_stat3 and is only available when compiled with
 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 and in SQLite versions 3.8.0 and later.  It is
 ** not possible to enable both STAT3 and STAT4 at the same time.  If they
-** are both enabled, then STAT4 is precedence.
+** are both enabled, then STAT4 takes precedence.
 **
 ** For most applications, sqlite_stat1 provides all the statisics required
 ** for the query planner to make good choices.
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ static void statInit(
 
     p->iGet = -1;
     p->mxSample = mxSample;
-    p->nPSample = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1])/(mxSample/3+1) + 1;
+    p->nPSample = (tRowcnt)(sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1])/(mxSample/3+1) + 1);
     p->current.anLt = &p->current.anEq[nColUp];
     sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(p->iPrn), &p->iPrn);
   
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
   Stat4Sample *pSample;
   int i;
   i64 iSeq;
-  i64 iPos;
+  int iPos;
 
   assert( IsStat4 || nEqZero==0 );
 
@@ -468,14 +468,25 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
     p->nSample = p->mxSample-1;
   }
 
-  /* Figure out where in the a[] array the new sample should be inserted. */
+  /* The "rows less-than" for the rowid column must be greater than that
+  ** for the last sample in the p->a[] array. Otherwise, the samples would
+  ** be out of order. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  assert( p->nSample==0 
+       || pNew->anLt[p->nCol-1] > p->a[p->nSample-1].anLt[p->nCol-1] );
+#endif
+
+  /* Insert the new sample */
+  pSample = &p->a[p->nSample];
+  sampleCopy(p, pSample, pNew);
+  p->nSample++;
+
+#if 0
   iSeq = pNew->anLt[p->nCol-1];
   for(iPos=p->nSample; iPos>0; iPos--){
     if( iSeq>p->a[iPos-1].anLt[p->nCol-1] ) break;
   }
 
-  /* Insert the new sample */
-  pSample = &p->a[iPos];
   if( iPos!=p->nSample ){
     Stat4Sample *pEnd = &p->a[p->nSample];
     tRowcnt *anEq = pEnd->anEq;
@@ -486,8 +497,8 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
     pSample->anDLt = anDLt;
     pSample->anLt = anLt;
   }
-  p->nSample++;
-  sampleCopy(p, pSample, pNew);
+#endif
+
 
   /* Zero the first nEqZero entries in the anEq[] array. */
   memset(pSample->anEq, 0, sizeof(tRowcnt)*nEqZero);
@@ -584,8 +595,7 @@ static void statPush(
   assert( iChng<p->nCol );
 
   if( p->nRow==0 ){
-    /* anEq[0] is only zero for the very first call to this function.  Do
-    ** appropriate initialization */
+    /* This is the first call to this function. Do initialization. */
     for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) p->current.anEq[i] = 1;
   }else{
     /* Second and subsequent calls get processed here */
@@ -1333,7 +1343,7 @@ static void initAvgEq(Index *pIdx){
     for(iCol=0; iCol<pIdx->nColumn; iCol++){
       int i;                    /* Used to iterate through samples */
       tRowcnt sumEq = 0;        /* Sum of the nEq values */
-      int nSum = 0;             /* Number of terms contributing to sumEq */
+      tRowcnt nSum = 0;         /* Number of terms contributing to sumEq */
       tRowcnt avgEq = 0;
       tRowcnt nDLt = pFinal->anDLt[iCol];
 
diff --git a/src/main.c b/src/main.c
index 1f01853c60..0ddd700dec 100644
--- a/src/main.c
+++ b/src/main.c
@@ -1107,6 +1107,7 @@ const char *sqlite3ErrName(int rc){
       case SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT: zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT";break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP";        break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH"; break;
+      case SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH:     zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH";    break;
       case SQLITE_CORRUPT:            zName = "SQLITE_CORRUPT";           break;
       case SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB:       zName = "SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB";      break;
       case SQLITE_NOTFOUND:           zName = "SQLITE_NOTFOUND";          break;
@@ -1115,6 +1116,7 @@ const char *sqlite3ErrName(int rc){
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR: zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR";break;
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR:     zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR";    break;
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH"; break;
+      case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH"; break;
       case SQLITE_PROTOCOL:           zName = "SQLITE_PROTOCOL";          break;
       case SQLITE_EMPTY:              zName = "SQLITE_EMPTY";             break;
       case SQLITE_SCHEMA:             zName = "SQLITE_SCHEMA";            break;
diff --git a/src/mem2.c b/src/mem2.c
index d461dffab1..99ea42517e 100644
--- a/src/mem2.c
+++ b/src/mem2.c
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
   pOldHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
   pNew = sqlite3MemMalloc(nByte);
   if( pNew ){
-    memcpy(pNew, pPrior, nByte<pOldHdr->iSize ? nByte : pOldHdr->iSize);
+    memcpy(pNew, pPrior, (int)(nByte<pOldHdr->iSize ? nByte : pOldHdr->iSize));
     if( nByte>pOldHdr->iSize ){
       randomFill(&((char*)pNew)[pOldHdr->iSize], nByte - (int)pOldHdr->iSize);
     }
diff --git a/src/os_unix.c b/src/os_unix.c
index 580f8e60e7..cd8cec0046 100644
--- a/src/os_unix.c
+++ b/src/os_unix.c
@@ -551,6 +551,15 @@ static const char *unixNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs *p, const char *zName){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Do not accept any file descriptor less than this value, in order to avoid
+** opening database file using file descriptors that are commonly used for 
+** standard input, output, and error.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR
+# define SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR 3
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Invoke open().  Do so multiple times, until it either succeeds or
 ** fails for some reason other than EINTR.
@@ -571,13 +580,23 @@ static const char *unixNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs *p, const char *zName){
 static int robust_open(const char *z, int f, mode_t m){
   int fd;
   mode_t m2 = m ? m : SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS;
-  do{
+  while(1){
 #if defined(O_CLOEXEC)
     fd = osOpen(z,f|O_CLOEXEC,m2);
 #else
     fd = osOpen(z,f,m2);
 #endif
-  }while( fd<0 && errno==EINTR );
+    if( fd<0 ){
+      if( errno==EINTR ) continue;
+      break;
+    }
+    if( fd>=SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR ) break;
+    osClose(fd);
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING, 
+                "attempt to open \"%s\" as file descriptor %d", z, fd);
+    fd = -1;
+    if( osOpen("/dev/null", f, m)<0 ) break;
+  }
   if( fd>=0 ){
     if( m!=0 ){
       struct stat statbuf;
@@ -3099,6 +3118,7 @@ static int seekAndRead(unixFile *id, sqlite3_int64 offset, void *pBuf, int cnt){
 #endif
   TIMER_START;
   assert( cnt==(cnt&0x1ffff) );
+  assert( id->h>2 );
   cnt &= 0x1ffff;
   do{
 #if defined(USE_PREAD)
@@ -3213,6 +3233,7 @@ static int seekAndWriteFd(
   int rc = 0;                     /* Value returned by system call */
 
   assert( nBuf==(nBuf&0x1ffff) );
+  assert( fd>2 );
   nBuf &= 0x1ffff;
   TIMER_START;
 
@@ -5317,6 +5338,7 @@ static int fillInUnixFile(
 */
 static const char *unixTempFileDir(void){
   static const char *azDirs[] = {
+     0,
      0,
      0,
      "/var/tmp",
@@ -5329,7 +5351,8 @@ static const char *unixTempFileDir(void){
   const char *zDir = 0;
 
   azDirs[0] = sqlite3_temp_directory;
-  if( !azDirs[1] ) azDirs[1] = getenv("TMPDIR");
+  if( !azDirs[1] ) azDirs[1] = getenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR");
+  if( !azDirs[2] ) azDirs[2] = getenv("TMPDIR");
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); zDir=azDirs[i++]){
     if( zDir==0 ) continue;
     if( osStat(zDir, &buf) ) continue;
diff --git a/src/os_win.c b/src/os_win.c
index 89e64aa431..72d6e8ba5c 100644
--- a/src/os_win.c
+++ b/src/os_win.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 #ifdef __CYGWIN__
 # include <sys/cygwin.h>
-# include <errno.h>
+# include <errno.h> /* amalgamator: keep */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 ** Are most of the Win32 ANSI APIs available (i.e. with certain exceptions
 ** based on the sub-platform)?
 */
-#if !SQLITE_OS_WINCE && !SQLITE_OS_WINRT
+#if !SQLITE_OS_WINCE && !SQLITE_OS_WINRT && !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_NO_ANSI)
 #  define SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI
 #endif
 
@@ -46,10 +46,19 @@
 ** Are most of the Win32 Unicode APIs available (i.e. with certain exceptions
 ** based on the sub-platform)?
 */
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINNT || SQLITE_OS_WINRT
+#if (SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINNT || SQLITE_OS_WINRT) && \
+    !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_NO_WIDE)
 #  define SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Make sure at least one set of Win32 APIs is available.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI) && !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE)
+#  error "At least one of SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI and SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE\
+ must be defined."
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Maximum pathname length (in chars) for Win32.  This should normally be
 ** MAX_PATH.
@@ -161,7 +170,7 @@ WINBASEAPI BOOL WINAPI UnmapViewOfFile(LPCVOID);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-/* Forward references */
+/* Forward references to structures used for WAL */
 typedef struct winShm winShm;           /* A connection to shared-memory */
 typedef struct winShmNode winShmNode;   /* A region of shared-memory */
 #endif
@@ -1116,7 +1125,7 @@ void sqlite3_win32_sleep(DWORD milliseconds){
 ** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
 ** the LockFileEx() API.
 */
-#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINRT
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINRT || !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI)
 # define osIsNT()  (1)
 #elif !defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE)
 # define osIsNT()  (0)
@@ -1761,10 +1770,9 @@ static int winceCreateLock(const char *zFilename, winFile *pFile){
   pFile->hMutex = osCreateMutexW(NULL, FALSE, zName);
   if (!pFile->hMutex){
     pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
-    winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR, pFile->lastErrno,
-                "winceCreateLock1", zFilename);
     sqlite3_free(zName);
-    return SQLITE_IOERR;
+    return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR, pFile->lastErrno,
+                       "winceCreateLock1", zFilename);
   }
 
   /* Acquire the mutex before continuing */
@@ -2100,7 +2108,7 @@ static int winSeekFile(winFile *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOffset){
       && ((lastErrno = osGetLastError())!=NO_ERROR)) ){
     pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
     winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winSeekFile", pFile->zPath);
+                "winSeekFile", pFile->zPath);
     OSTRACE(("SEEK file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK\n", pFile->h));
     return 1;
   }
@@ -2121,7 +2129,7 @@ static int winSeekFile(winFile *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOffset){
   if(!bRet){
     pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
     winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winSeekFile", pFile->zPath);
+                "winSeekFile", pFile->zPath);
     OSTRACE(("SEEK file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK\n", pFile->h));
     return 1;
   }
@@ -2132,7 +2140,8 @@ static int winSeekFile(winFile *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOffset){
 }
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
-/* Forward references to VFS methods */
+/* Forward references to VFS helper methods used for memory mapped files */
+static int winMapfile(winFile*, sqlite3_int64);
 static int winUnmapfile(winFile*);
 #endif
 
@@ -2253,7 +2262,7 @@ static int winRead(
     pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
     OSTRACE(("READ file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_READ\n", pFile->h));
     return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_READ, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winRead", pFile->zPath);
+                       "winRead", pFile->zPath);
   }
   winLogIoerr(nRetry);
   if( nRead<(DWORD)amt ){
@@ -2359,11 +2368,12 @@ static int winWrite(
     if(   ( pFile->lastErrno==ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL )
        || ( pFile->lastErrno==ERROR_DISK_FULL )){
       OSTRACE(("WRITE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_FULL\n", pFile->h));
-      return SQLITE_FULL;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_FULL, pFile->lastErrno,
+                         "winWrite1", pFile->zPath);
     }
     OSTRACE(("WRITE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE\n", pFile->h));
     return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winWrite", pFile->zPath);
+                       "winWrite2", pFile->zPath);
   }else{
     winLogIoerr(nRetry);
   }
@@ -2487,7 +2497,7 @@ static int winSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
     pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
     OSTRACE(("SYNC file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC\n", pFile->h));
     return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winSync", pFile->zPath);
+                       "winSync", pFile->zPath);
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -2528,7 +2538,7 @@ static int winFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize){
        && ((lastErrno = osGetLastError())!=NO_ERROR) ){
       pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
       rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winFileSize", pFile->zPath);
+                       "winFileSize", pFile->zPath);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -2623,7 +2633,7 @@ static int winUnlockReadLock(winFile *pFile){
   if( res==0 && ((lastErrno = osGetLastError())!=ERROR_NOT_LOCKED) ){
     pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
     winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK, pFile->lastErrno,
-             "winUnlockReadLock", pFile->zPath);
+                "winUnlockReadLock", pFile->zPath);
   }
   OSTRACE(("READ-UNLOCK file=%p, rc=%s\n", pFile->h, sqlite3ErrName(res)));
   return res;
@@ -2836,7 +2846,7 @@ static int winUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
       /* This should never happen.  We should always be able to
       ** reacquire the read lock */
       rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK, osGetLastError(),
-               "winUnlock", pFile->zPath);
+                       "winUnlock", pFile->zPath);
     }
   }
   if( type>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
@@ -2870,11 +2880,10 @@ static void winModeBit(winFile *pFile, unsigned char mask, int *pArg){
   }
 }
 
-/* Forward declaration */
+/* Forward references to VFS helper methods used for temporary files */
 static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *, char **);
-#if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
-static int winMapfile(winFile*, sqlite3_int64);
-#endif
+static int winIsDir(const void *);
+static BOOL winIsDriveLetterAndColon(const char *);
 
 /*
 ** Control and query of the open file handle.
@@ -2952,7 +2961,7 @@ static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         *(char**)pArg = zTFile;
       }
-      OSTRACE(("FCNTL file=%p, rc=%d\n", pFile->h, rc));
+      OSTRACE(("FCNTL file=%p, rc=%s\n", pFile->h, sqlite3ErrName(rc)));
       return rc;
     }
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
@@ -2970,7 +2979,7 @@ static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
           rc = winMapfile(pFile, -1);
         }
       }
-      OSTRACE(("FCNTL file=%p, rc=%d\n", pFile->h, rc));
+      OSTRACE(("FCNTL file=%p, rc=%s\n", pFile->h, sqlite3ErrName(rc)));
       return rc;
     }
 #endif
@@ -3286,7 +3295,7 @@ static int winOpenSharedMemory(winFile *pDbFd){
       rc = winTruncate((sqlite3_file *)&pShmNode->hFile, 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, osGetLastError(),
-                 "winOpenShm", pDbFd->zPath);
+                         "winOpenShm", pDbFd->zPath);
       }
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -3546,7 +3555,7 @@ static int winShmMap(
     rc = winFileSize((sqlite3_file *)&pShmNode->hFile, &sz);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE, osGetLastError(),
-               "winShmMap1", pDbFd->zPath);
+                       "winShmMap1", pDbFd->zPath);
       goto shmpage_out;
     }
 
@@ -3561,7 +3570,7 @@ static int winShmMap(
       rc = winTruncate((sqlite3_file *)&pShmNode->hFile, nByte);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE, osGetLastError(),
-                 "winShmMap2", pDbFd->zPath);
+                         "winShmMap2", pDbFd->zPath);
         goto shmpage_out;
       }
     }
@@ -3615,7 +3624,7 @@ static int winShmMap(
       if( !pMap ){
         pShmNode->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
         rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP, pShmNode->lastErrno,
-                 "winShmMap3", pDbFd->zPath);
+                         "winShmMap3", pDbFd->zPath);
         if( hMap ) osCloseHandle(hMap);
         goto shmpage_out;
       }
@@ -3663,7 +3672,7 @@ static int winUnmapfile(winFile *pFile){
                "rc=SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP\n", osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFile,
                pFile->pMapRegion));
       return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP, pFile->lastErrno,
-                         "winUnmap1", pFile->zPath);
+                         "winUnmapfile1", pFile->zPath);
     }
     pFile->pMapRegion = 0;
     pFile->mmapSize = 0;
@@ -3675,7 +3684,7 @@ static int winUnmapfile(winFile *pFile){
       OSTRACE(("UNMAP-FILE pid=%lu, pFile=%p, hMap=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP\n",
                osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFile, pFile->hMap));
       return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP, pFile->lastErrno,
-                         "winUnmap2", pFile->zPath);
+                         "winUnmapfile2", pFile->zPath);
     }
     pFile->hMap = NULL;
   }
@@ -3750,10 +3759,10 @@ static int winMapfile(winFile *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
     if( pFd->hMap==NULL ){
       pFd->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
       rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP, pFd->lastErrno,
-                       "winMapfile", pFd->zPath);
+                       "winMapfile1", pFd->zPath);
       /* Log the error, but continue normal operation using xRead/xWrite */
-      OSTRACE(("MAP-FILE-CREATE pid=%lu, pFile=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP\n",
-               osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFd));
+      OSTRACE(("MAP-FILE-CREATE pid=%lu, pFile=%p, rc=%s\n",
+               osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFd, sqlite3ErrName(rc)));
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
     assert( (nMap % winSysInfo.dwPageSize)==0 );
@@ -3767,10 +3776,11 @@ static int winMapfile(winFile *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
       osCloseHandle(pFd->hMap);
       pFd->hMap = NULL;
       pFd->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
-      winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP, pFd->lastErrno,
-                  "winMapfile", pFd->zPath);
-      OSTRACE(("MAP-FILE-MAP pid=%lu, pFile=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP\n",
-               osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFd));
+      rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP, pFd->lastErrno,
+                       "winMapfile2", pFd->zPath);
+      /* Log the error, but continue normal operation using xRead/xWrite */
+      OSTRACE(("MAP-FILE-MAP pid=%lu, pFile=%p, rc=%s\n",
+               osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFd, sqlite3ErrName(rc)));
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
     pFd->pMapRegion = pNew;
@@ -3909,13 +3919,32 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods winIoMethod = {
 ** sqlite3_vfs object.
 */
 
+/*
+** Convert a filename from whatever the underlying operating system
+** supports for filenames into UTF-8.  Space to hold the result is
+** obtained from malloc and must be freed by the calling function.
+*/
+static char *winConvertToUtf8Filename(const void *zFilename){
+  char *zConverted = 0;
+  if( osIsNT() ){
+    zConverted = winUnicodeToUtf8(zFilename);
+  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI
+  else{
+    zConverted = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zFilename);
+  }
+#endif
+  /* caller will handle out of memory */
+  return zConverted;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Convert a UTF-8 filename into whatever form the underlying
 ** operating system wants filenames in.  Space to hold the result
 ** is obtained from malloc and must be freed by the calling
 ** function.
 */
-static void *winConvertUtf8Filename(const char *zFilename){
+static void *winConvertFromUtf8Filename(const char *zFilename){
   void *zConverted = 0;
   if( osIsNT() ){
     zConverted = winUtf8ToUnicode(zFilename);
@@ -3980,7 +4009,90 @@ static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, char **pzBuf){
                      winEndsInDirSep(sqlite3_temp_directory) ? "" :
                      winGetDirDep());
   }
-#if !SQLITE_OS_WINRT
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  else{
+    static const char *azDirs[] = {
+       0, /* getenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR") */
+       0, /* getenv("TMPDIR") */
+       0, /* getenv("TMP") */
+       0, /* getenv("TEMP") */
+       0, /* getenv("USERPROFILE") */
+       "/var/tmp",
+       "/usr/tmp",
+       "/tmp",
+       ".",
+       0        /* List terminator */
+    };
+    unsigned int i;
+    const char *zDir = 0;
+
+    if( !azDirs[0] ) azDirs[0] = getenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR");
+    if( !azDirs[1] ) azDirs[1] = getenv("TMPDIR");
+    if( !azDirs[2] ) azDirs[2] = getenv("TMP");
+    if( !azDirs[3] ) azDirs[3] = getenv("TEMP");
+    if( !azDirs[4] ) azDirs[4] = getenv("USERPROFILE");
+    for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); zDir=azDirs[i++]){
+      void *zConverted;
+      if( zDir==0 ) continue;
+      /* If the path starts with a drive letter followed by the colon
+      ** character, assume it is already a native Win32 path; otherwise,
+      ** it must be converted to a native Win32 path prior via the Cygwin
+      ** API prior to using it.
+      */
+      if( winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zDir) ){
+        zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zDir);
+        if( !zConverted ){
+          OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n"));
+          return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+        }
+        if( winIsDir(zConverted) ){
+          sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf, "%s", zDir);
+          sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+          break;
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+      }else{
+        zConverted = sqlite3MallocZero( nBuf+1 );
+        if( !zConverted ){
+          OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n"));
+          return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+        }
+        if( cygwin_conv_path(
+                osIsNT() ? CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W : CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, zDir,
+                zConverted, nBuf+1)<0 ){
+          sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+          OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH\n"));
+          return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH, (DWORD)errno,
+                             "winGetTempname1", zDir);
+        }
+        if( winIsDir(zConverted) ){
+          /* At this point, we know the candidate directory exists and should
+          ** be used.  However, we may need to convert the string containing
+          ** its name into UTF-8 (i.e. if it is UTF-16 right now).
+          */
+          if( osIsNT() ){
+            char *zUtf8 = winUnicodeToUtf8(zConverted);
+            if( !zUtf8 ){
+              sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+              OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n"));
+              return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+            }
+            sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf, "%s", zUtf8);
+            sqlite3_free(zUtf8);
+            sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+            break;
+          }else{
+            sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf, "%s", zConverted);
+            sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zConverted);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+#elif !SQLITE_OS_WINRT && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
   else if( osIsNT() ){
     char *zMulti;
     LPWSTR zWidePath = sqlite3MallocZero( nBuf*sizeof(WCHAR) );
@@ -3993,7 +4105,8 @@ static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, char **pzBuf){
       sqlite3_free(zWidePath);
       sqlite3_free(zBuf);
       OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH\n"));
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winGetTempname1", 0);
     }
     zMulti = winUnicodeToUtf8(zWidePath);
     if( zMulti ){
@@ -4019,7 +4132,8 @@ static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, char **pzBuf){
     if( osGetTempPathA(nBuf, zMbcsPath)==0 ){
       sqlite3_free(zBuf);
       OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH\n"));
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winGetTempname2", 0);
     }
     zUtf8 = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zMbcsPath);
     if( zUtf8 ){
@@ -4042,7 +4156,7 @@ static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, char **pzBuf){
   if( (nLen + sqlite3Strlen30(SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX) + 18) >= nBuf ){
     sqlite3_free(zBuf);
     OSTRACE(("TEMP-FILENAME rc=SQLITE_ERROR\n"));
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    return winLogError(SQLITE_ERROR, 0, "winGetTempname3", 0);
   }
 
   sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-18-nLen, zBuf+nLen, SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX);
@@ -4198,7 +4312,7 @@ static int winOpen(
        zUtf8Name[sqlite3Strlen30(zUtf8Name)+1]==0 );
 
   /* Convert the filename to the system encoding. */
-  zConverted = winConvertUtf8Filename(zUtf8Name);
+  zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zUtf8Name);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     sqlite3_free(zTmpname);
     OSTRACE(("OPEN name=%s, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM", zUtf8Name));
@@ -4399,7 +4513,7 @@ static int winDelete(
   SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE);
   OSTRACE(("DELETE name=%s, syncDir=%d\n", zFilename, syncDir));
 
-  zConverted = winConvertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
+  zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zFilename);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     OSTRACE(("DELETE name=%s, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n", zFilename));
     return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
@@ -4479,8 +4593,7 @@ static int winDelete(
   }
 #endif
   if( rc && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT ){
-    rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE, lastErrno,
-             "winDelete", zFilename);
+    rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE, lastErrno, "winDelete", zFilename);
   }else{
     winLogIoerr(cnt);
   }
@@ -4508,7 +4621,7 @@ static int winAccess(
   OSTRACE(("ACCESS name=%s, flags=%x, pResOut=%p\n",
            zFilename, flags, pResOut));
 
-  zConverted = winConvertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
+  zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zFilename);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     OSTRACE(("ACCESS name=%s, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n", zFilename));
     return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
@@ -4534,9 +4647,9 @@ static int winAccess(
     }else{
       winLogIoerr(cnt);
       if( lastErrno!=ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND && lastErrno!=ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND ){
-        winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS, lastErrno, "winAccess", zFilename);
         sqlite3_free(zConverted);
-        return SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS;
+        return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS, lastErrno, "winAccess",
+                           zFilename);
       }else{
         attr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
       }
@@ -4566,6 +4679,15 @@ static int winAccess(
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Returns non-zero if the specified path name starts with a drive letter
+** followed by a colon character.
+*/
+static BOOL winIsDriveLetterAndColon(
+  const char *zPathname
+){
+  return ( sqlite3Isalpha(zPathname[0]) && zPathname[1]==':' );
+}
 
 /*
 ** Returns non-zero if the specified path name should be used verbatim.  If
@@ -4593,7 +4715,7 @@ static BOOL winIsVerbatimPathname(
   ** attempt to treat it as a relative path name (i.e. they should simply use
   ** it verbatim).
   */
-  if ( sqlite3Isalpha(zPathname[0]) && zPathname[1]==':' ){
+  if ( winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zPathname) ){
     return TRUE;
   }
 
@@ -4629,24 +4751,21 @@ static int winFullPathname(
     */
     char *zOut = sqlite3MallocZero( pVfs->mxPathname+1 );
     if( !zOut ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, 0, "winFullPathname", zRelative);
       return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
     }
     if( cygwin_conv_path(CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A|CCP_RELATIVE, zRelative, zOut,
                          pVfs->mxPathname+1)<0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, (DWORD)errno, "cygwin_conv_path",
-                  zRelative);
       sqlite3_free(zOut);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH, (DWORD)errno,
+                         "winFullPathname1", zRelative);
     }
     sqlite3_snprintf(MIN(nFull, pVfs->mxPathname), zFull, "%s%s%s",
                      sqlite3_data_directory, winGetDirDep(), zOut);
     sqlite3_free(zOut);
   }else{
     if( cygwin_conv_path(CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, zRelative, zFull, nFull)<0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, (DWORD)errno, "cygwin_conv_path",
-                  zRelative);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH, (DWORD)errno,
+                         "winFullPathname2", zRelative);
     }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -4679,7 +4798,7 @@ static int winFullPathname(
   /* If this path name begins with "/X:", where "X" is any alphabetic
   ** character, discard the initial "/" from the pathname.
   */
-  if( zRelative[0]=='/' && sqlite3Isalpha(zRelative[1]) && zRelative[2]==':' ){
+  if( zRelative[0]=='/' && winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zRelative+1) ){
     zRelative++;
   }
 
@@ -4700,7 +4819,7 @@ static int winFullPathname(
                      sqlite3_data_directory, winGetDirDep(), zRelative);
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  zConverted = winConvertUtf8Filename(zRelative);
+  zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zRelative);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -4708,10 +4827,9 @@ static int winFullPathname(
     LPWSTR zTemp;
     nByte = osGetFullPathNameW((LPCWSTR)zConverted, 0, 0, 0);
     if( nByte==0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_ERROR, osGetLastError(),
-                  "GetFullPathNameW1", zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zConverted);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winFullPathname1", zRelative);
     }
     nByte += 3;
     zTemp = sqlite3MallocZero( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
@@ -4721,11 +4839,10 @@ static int winFullPathname(
     }
     nByte = osGetFullPathNameW((LPCWSTR)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
     if( nByte==0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_ERROR, osGetLastError(),
-                  "GetFullPathNameW2", zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zTemp);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winFullPathname2", zRelative);
     }
     sqlite3_free(zConverted);
     zOut = winUnicodeToUtf8(zTemp);
@@ -4736,10 +4853,9 @@ static int winFullPathname(
     char *zTemp;
     nByte = osGetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, 0, 0, 0);
     if( nByte==0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_ERROR, osGetLastError(),
-                  "GetFullPathNameA1", zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zConverted);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winFullPathname3", zRelative);
     }
     nByte += 3;
     zTemp = sqlite3MallocZero( nByte*sizeof(zTemp[0]) );
@@ -4749,11 +4865,10 @@ static int winFullPathname(
     }
     nByte = osGetFullPathNameA((char*)zConverted, nByte, zTemp, 0);
     if( nByte==0 ){
-      winLogError(SQLITE_ERROR, osGetLastError(),
-                  "GetFullPathNameA2", zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zConverted);
       sqlite3_free(zTemp);
-      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH;
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winFullPathname4", zRelative);
     }
     sqlite3_free(zConverted);
     zOut = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8(zTemp);
@@ -4781,7 +4896,7 @@ static int winFullPathname(
 */
 static void *winDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zFilename){
   HANDLE h;
-  void *zConverted = winConvertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
+  void *zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zFilename);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     return 0;
diff --git a/src/sqlite.h.in b/src/sqlite.h.in
index 08aae5494a..20f8d650ec 100644
--- a/src/sqlite.h.in
+++ b/src/sqlite.h.in
@@ -474,12 +474,14 @@ int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
diff --git a/src/vdbemem.c b/src/vdbemem.c
index e6ad291532..dbdfc53074 100644
--- a/src/vdbemem.c
+++ b/src/vdbemem.c
@@ -1311,6 +1311,9 @@ int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
   alloc.ppRec = ppRec;
   alloc.iVal = iVal;
 
+  /* Skip over any TK_COLLATE nodes */
+  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
+
   if( !pExpr ){
     pVal = valueNew(pParse->db, &alloc);
     if( pVal ){
diff --git a/src/where.c b/src/where.c
index 9e3a72e2d8..b633dfd574 100644
--- a/src/where.c
+++ b/src/where.c
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ static int whereLoopResize(sqlite3*, WhereLoop*, int);
 ** that implement some or all of a query plan.
 **
 ** Think of each WhereLoop object as a node in a graph with arcs
-** showing dependences and costs for travelling between nodes.  (That is
+** showing dependencies and costs for travelling between nodes.  (That is
 ** not a completely accurate description because WhereLoop costs are a
-** vector, not a scalar, and because dependences are many-to-one, not
+** vector, not a scalar, and because dependencies are many-to-one, not
 ** one-to-one as are graph nodes.  But it is a useful visualization aid.)
 ** Then a WherePath object is a path through the graph that visits some
 ** or all of the WhereLoop objects once.
@@ -2553,7 +2553,12 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
   ){
     UnpackedRecord *pRec = pBuilder->pRec;
     tRowcnt a[2];
-    u8 aff = p->pTable->aCol[p->aiColumn[0]].affinity;
+    u8 aff;
+    if( nEq==p->nColumn ){
+      aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+    }else{
+      aff = p->pTable->aCol[p->aiColumn[nEq]].affinity;
+    }
 
     /* Variable iLower will be set to the estimate of the number of rows in 
     ** the index that are less than the lower bound of the range query. The
@@ -4169,15 +4174,17 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
     if( (p->prereq & pTemplate->prereq)==p->prereq
      && p->rSetup<=pTemplate->rSetup
      && p->rRun<=pTemplate->rRun
+     && p->nOut<=pTemplate->nOut
     ){
       /* This branch taken when p is equal or better than pTemplate in 
-      ** all of (1) dependences (2) setup-cost, and (3) run-cost. */
+      ** all of (1) dependencies (2) setup-cost, (3) run-cost, and
+      ** (4) number of output rows. */
       assert( p->rSetup==pTemplate->rSetup );
-      if( p->nLTerm<pTemplate->nLTerm
+      if( p->prereq==pTemplate->prereq
+       && p->nLTerm<pTemplate->nLTerm
        && (p->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
        && (pTemplate->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
        && p->u.btree.pIndex==pTemplate->u.btree.pIndex
-       && p->prereq==pTemplate->prereq
       ){
         /* Overwrite an existing WhereLoop with an similar one that uses
         ** more terms of the index */
@@ -4191,11 +4198,13 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
     }
     if( (p->prereq & pTemplate->prereq)==pTemplate->prereq
      && p->rRun>=pTemplate->rRun
+     && p->nOut>=pTemplate->nOut
      && ALWAYS(p->rSetup>=pTemplate->rSetup) /* See SETUP-INVARIANT above */
     ){
       /* Overwrite an existing WhereLoop with a better one: one that is
-      ** better at one of (1) dependences, (2) setup-cost, or (3) run-cost
-      ** and is no worse in any of those categories. */
+      ** better at one of (1) dependencies, (2) setup-cost, (3) run-cost
+      ** or (4) number of output rows, and is no worse in any of those
+      ** categories. */
       pNext = p->pNextLoop;
       break;
     }
@@ -5900,7 +5909,7 @@ WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
    && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin)
   ){
     Bitmask tabUsed = exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
-    if( pOrderBy ) tabUsed |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pOrderBy);
+    if( sWLB.pOrderBy ) tabUsed |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
     while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
       WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
       pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
diff --git a/test/alter.test b/test/alter.test
index faa6b0d258..1ccea22624 100644
--- a/test/alter.test
+++ b/test/alter.test
@@ -847,6 +847,7 @@ do_test alter-14.2 {
 set system_table_list {1 sqlite_master}
 catchsql ANALYZE
 ifcapable analyze { lappend system_table_list 2 sqlite_stat1 }
+ifcapable stat3   { lappend system_table_list 3 sqlite_stat3 }
 ifcapable stat4   { lappend system_table_list 4 sqlite_stat4 }
 
 foreach {tn tbl} $system_table_list {
diff --git a/test/analyze9.test b/test/analyze9.test
index be52eb94b2..777e462fdb 100644
--- a/test/analyze9.test
+++ b/test/analyze9.test
@@ -422,5 +422,499 @@ do_eqp_test 9.4.2 {
   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='x' AND b='y' AND c='z' AND d=$value_d AND e=5
 } {/t1 USING INDEX i1/}
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Check that the planner takes stat4 data into account when considering
+# "IS NULL" and "IS NOT NULL" constraints.
+#
+do_execsql_test 10.1.1 {
+  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t3;
+  CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
+  CREATE INDEX t3a ON t3(a);
+  CREATE INDEX t3b ON t3(b);
+}
+do_test 10.1.2 {
+  for {set i 1} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+    if {$i>90} { set a $i } else { set a NULL }
+    set b [expr $i % 5]
+    execsql "INSERT INTO t3 VALUES($a, $b)"
+  }
+  execsql ANALYZE
+} {}
+do_eqp_test 10.1.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE a IS NULL AND b = 2
+} {/t3 USING INDEX t3b/}
+do_eqp_test 10.1.4 {
+  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE a IS NOT NULL AND b = 2
+} {/t3 USING INDEX t3a/}
+
+do_execsql_test 10.2.1 {
+  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t3;
+  CREATE TABLE t3(x, a, b);
+  CREATE INDEX t3a ON t3(x, a);
+  CREATE INDEX t3b ON t3(x, b);
+}
+do_test 10.2.2 {
+  for {set i 1} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+    if {$i>90} { set a $i } else { set a NULL }
+    set b [expr $i % 5]
+    execsql "INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('xyz', $a, $b)"
+  }
+  execsql ANALYZE
+} {}
+do_eqp_test 10.2.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x = 'xyz' AND a IS NULL AND b = 2
+} {/t3 USING INDEX t3b/}
+do_eqp_test 10.2.4 {
+  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x = 'xyz' AND a IS NOT NULL AND b = 2
+} {/t3 USING INDEX t3a/}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Check that stat4 data is used correctly with non-default collation
+# sequences.
+#
+foreach {tn schema} {
+  1 {
+    CREATE TABLE t4(a COLLATE nocase, b);
+    CREATE INDEX t4a ON t4(a);
+    CREATE INDEX t4b ON t4(b);
+  }
+  2 {
+    CREATE TABLE t4(a, b);
+    CREATE INDEX t4a ON t4(a COLLATE nocase);
+    CREATE INDEX t4b ON t4(b);
+  }
+} {
+  drop_all_tables
+  do_test 11.$tn.1 { execsql $schema } {}
+
+  do_test 11.$tn.2 {
+    for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+      if { ($i % 10)==0 } { set a ABC } else { set a DEF }
+      set b [expr $i % 5]
+        execsql { INSERT INTO t4 VALUES($a, $b) }
+    }
+    execsql ANALYZE
+  } {}
+
+  do_eqp_test 11.$tn.3 {
+    SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE a = 'def' AND b = 3;
+  } {/t4 USING INDEX t4b/}
+
+  if {$tn==1} {
+    set sql "SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE a = 'abc' AND b = 3;"
+    do_eqp_test 11.$tn.4 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+  } else {
+
+    set sql "SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE a = 'abc' COLLATE nocase AND b = 3;"
+    do_eqp_test 11.$tn.5 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+
+    set sql "SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE a COLLATE nocase = 'abc' AND b = 3;"
+    do_eqp_test 11.$tn.6 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+  }
+}
+
+foreach {tn schema} {
+  1 {
+    CREATE TABLE t4(x, a COLLATE nocase, b);
+    CREATE INDEX t4a ON t4(x, a);
+    CREATE INDEX t4b ON t4(x, b);
+  }
+  2 {
+    CREATE TABLE t4(x, a, b);
+    CREATE INDEX t4a ON t4(x, a COLLATE nocase);
+    CREATE INDEX t4b ON t4(x, b);
+  }
+} {
+  drop_all_tables
+  do_test 12.$tn.1 { execsql $schema } {}
+
+  do_test 12.$tn.2 {
+    for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+      if { ($i % 10)==0 } { set a ABC } else { set a DEF }
+      set b [expr $i % 5]
+        execsql { INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(X'abcdef', $a, $b) }
+    }
+    execsql ANALYZE
+  } {}
+
+  do_eqp_test 12.$tn.3 {
+    SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE x=X'abcdef' AND a = 'def' AND b = 3;
+  } {/t4 USING INDEX t4b/}
+
+  if {$tn==1} {
+    set sql "SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE x=X'abcdef' AND a = 'abc' AND b = 3;"
+    do_eqp_test 12.$tn.4 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+  } else {
+    set sql {
+      SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE x=X'abcdef' AND a = 'abc' COLLATE nocase AND b = 3
+    }
+    do_eqp_test 12.$tn.5 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+    set sql {
+      SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE x=X'abcdef' AND a COLLATE nocase = 'abc' AND b = 3
+    }
+    do_eqp_test 12.$tn.6 $sql {/t4 USING INDEX t4a/}
+  }
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Check that affinities are taken into account when using stat4 data to
+# estimate the number of rows scanned by a rowid constraint.
+#
+drop_all_tables
+do_test 13.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
+    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b, c);
+  }
+  for {set i 0} {$i<100} {incr i} {
+    if {$i %2} {set a abc} else {set a def}
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1(rowid, a, b, c) VALUES($i, $a, $i, $i) }
+  }
+  execsql ANALYZE
+} {}
+do_eqp_test 13.2.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<15 AND b<20
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
+do_eqp_test 13.2.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'15' AND b<20
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
+do_eqp_test 13.3.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<100 AND b<20
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i2/}
+do_eqp_test 13.3.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'100' AND b<20
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i2/}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Check also that affinities are taken into account when using stat4 data 
+# to estimate the number of rows scanned by any other constraint on a 
+# column other than the leftmost.
+#
+drop_all_tables
+do_test 14.1 {
+  execsql { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b INTEGER, c) }
+  for {set i 0} {$i<100} {incr i} {
+    set c [expr $i % 3]
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('ott', $i, $c) }
+  }
+  execsql {
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
+    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(c);
+    ANALYZE;
+  }
+} {}
+do_eqp_test 13.2.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='ott' AND b<10 AND c=1
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
+do_eqp_test 13.2.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='ott' AND b<'10' AND c=1
+} {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# By default, 16 non-periodic samples are collected for the stat4 table.
+# The following tests attempt to verify that the most common keys are
+# being collected.
+#
+proc check_stat4 {tn} {
+  db eval ANALYZE
+  db eval {SELECT a, b, c, d FROM t1} {
+    incr k($a)
+    incr k([list $a $b])
+    incr k([list $a $b $c])
+    if { [info exists k([list $a $b $c $d])]==0 } { incr nRow }
+    incr k([list $a $b $c $d])
+  }
+
+  set L [list]
+  foreach key [array names k] {
+    lappend L [list $k($key) $key]
+  }
+
+  set nSample $nRow
+  if {$nSample>16} {set nSample 16}
+
+  set nThreshold [lindex [lsort -decr -integer -index 0 $L] [expr $nSample-1] 0]
+  foreach key [array names k] {
+    if {$k($key)>$nThreshold} {
+      set expect($key) 1
+    }
+    if {$k($key)==$nThreshold} {
+      set possible($key) 1
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  set nPossible [expr $nSample - [llength [array names expect]]]
+
+  #puts "EXPECT: [array names expect]"
+  #puts "POSSIBLE($nPossible/[array size possible]): [array names possible]"
+  #puts "HAVE: [db eval {SELECT test_decode(sample) FROM sqlite_stat4 WHERE idx='i1'}]"
+
+  db eval {SELECT test_decode(sample) AS s FROM sqlite_stat4 WHERE idx='i1'} {
+    set seen 0
+    for {set i 0} {$i<4} {incr i} {
+      unset -nocomplain expect([lrange $s 0 $i])
+      if {[info exists possible([lrange $s 0 $i])]} {
+        set seen 1
+        unset -nocomplain possible([lrange $s 0 $i])
+      }
+    }
+    if {$seen} {incr nPossible -1}
+  }
+  if {$nPossible<0} {set nPossible 0}
+
+  set res [list [llength [array names expect]] $nPossible]
+  uplevel [list do_test $tn [list set {} $res] {0 0}]
+}
+
+drop_all_tables
+do_test 14.1.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d);
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,c,d);
+  }
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 160} {incr i} {
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i,$i,$i,$i) }
+    if {($i % 10)==0} { execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i,$i,$i,$i) } }
+  }
+} {}
+check_stat4 14.1.2
+
+do_test 14.2.1 {
+  execsql { DELETE FROM t1 }
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 1600} {incr i} {
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i/10,$i/17,$i/27,$i/37) }
+  }
+} {}
+check_stat4 14.2.2
+
+do_test 14.3.1 {
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 10} {incr i} {
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i*50,$i*50,$i*50,$i*50) }
+  }
+} {}
+check_stat4 14.3.2
+
+do_test 14.4.1 {
+  execsql {DELETE FROM t1}
+  for {set i 1} {$i < 160} {incr i} {
+    set b [expr $i % 10]
+    if {$b==0 || $b==2} {set b 1}
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i/10,$b,$i,$i) }
+  }
+} {}
+check_stat4 14.4.2
+db func lrange lrange
+db func lindex lindex
+do_execsql_test 14.4.3 {
+  SELECT lrange(test_decode(sample), 0, 1) AS s FROM sqlite_stat4
+  WHERE lindex(s, 1)=='1' ORDER BY rowid
+} {
+  {0 1} {1 1} {2 1} {3 1} 
+  {4 1} {5 1} {6 1} {7 1} 
+  {8 1} {9 1} {10 1} {11 1} 
+  {12 1} {13 1} {14 1} {15 1}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that nothing untoward happens if the stat4 table contains entries
+# for indexes that do not exist. Or NULL values in the idx column.
+# Or NULL values in any of the other columns.
+#
+drop_all_tables
+do_execsql_test 15.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, UNIQUE(a, b));
+  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 2);
+  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(3, 4);
+  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(5, 6);
+  ANALYZE;
+  INSERT INTO sqlite_stat4 VALUES(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.2 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+do_execsql_test 15.3 {
+  INSERT INTO sqlite_stat4 VALUES(42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42);
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.4 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+do_execsql_test 15.5 {
+  UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat = NULL;
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.6 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+do_execsql_test 15.7 {
+  ANALYZE;
+  UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET tbl = 'no such tbl';
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.8 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+do_execsql_test 15.9 {
+  ANALYZE;
+  UPDATE sqlite_stat4 SET neq = NULL, nlt=NULL, ndlt=NULL;
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.10 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+# This is just for coverage....
+do_execsql_test 15.11 {
+  ANALYZE;
+  UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat = stat || ' unordered';
+}
+db close
+sqlite3 db test.db
+do_execsql_test 15.12 { SELECT * FROM x1 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that allocations used for sqlite_stat4 samples are included in
+# the quantity returned by SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED.
+#
+set one [string repeat x 1000]
+set two [string repeat x 2000]
+do_test 16.1 {
+  reset_db
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, UNIQUE(a));
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($one);
+    ANALYZE;
+  }
+  set nByte [lindex [sqlite3_db_status db SCHEMA_USED 0] 1]
+
+  reset_db
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, UNIQUE(a));
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($two);
+    ANALYZE;
+  }
+  set nByte2 [lindex [sqlite3_db_status db SCHEMA_USED 0] 1]
+
+  expr {$nByte2 > $nByte+950 && $nByte2 < $nByte+1050}
+} {1}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that stat4 data may be used with partial indexes.
+#
+do_test 17.1 {
+  reset_db
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c, d);
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b) WHERE d IS NOT NULL;
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(-1, -1, -1, NULL);
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2*a,2*b,2*c,d FROM t1;
+  }
+
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 32} {incr i} {
+    if {$i<8} {set b 0} else { set b $i }
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i%2, $b, $i/2, 'abc') }
+  }
+  execsql {ANALYZE main.t1}
+} {}
+
+do_catchsql_test 17.1.2 {
+  ANALYZE temp.t1;
+} {1 {no such table: temp.t1}}
+
+do_eqp_test 17.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=10 AND c=10;
+} {/USING INDEX i1/}
+do_eqp_test 17.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=0 AND c=10;
+} {/USING INDEX i1/}
+
+do_execsql_test 17.4 {
+  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(c);
+  ANALYZE main.i2;
+}
+do_eqp_test 17.5 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=10 AND c=10;
+} {/USING INDEX i1/}
+do_eqp_test 17.6 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=0 AND c=10;
+} {/USING INDEX i2/}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+do_test 18.1 {
+  reset_db
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
+  }
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 9} {incr i} {
+    execsql {
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  execsql ANALYZE
+  execsql { SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_stat4 }
+} {9}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# For coverage.
+#
+ifcapable view {
+  do_test 19.1 {
+    reset_db 
+    execsql {
+      CREATE TABLE t1(x, y);
+      CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(x, y);
+      CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+      ANALYZE;
+    }
+  } {}
+}
+ifcapable auth {
+  proc authproc {op args} {
+    if {$op == "SQLITE_ANALYZE"} { return "SQLITE_DENY" }
+    return "SQLITE_OK"
+  }
+  do_test 19.2 {
+    reset_db 
+    db auth authproc
+    execsql {
+      CREATE TABLE t1(x, y);
+      CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+    }
+    catchsql ANALYZE
+  } {1 {not authorized}}
+}
+
 finish_test
 
diff --git a/test/fts4unicode.test b/test/fts4unicode.test
index aee7f05b1b..8149bb172d 100644
--- a/test/fts4unicode.test
+++ b/test/fts4unicode.test
@@ -402,5 +402,40 @@ foreach {tn1 c} {
   }
 }
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cursory test of remove_diacritics=0.
+#
+# 00C4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
+# 00D6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
+# 00E4;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
+# 00F6;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
+#
+do_execsql_test 8.1.1 "
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t3 USING fts4(tokenize=unicode61 'remove_diacritics=1');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('o');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('a');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('O');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('A');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('\xD6');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('\xC4');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('\xF6');
+  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('\xE4');
+"
+do_execsql_test 8.1.2 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE t3 MATCH 'o';
+} {1 3 5 7}
+do_execsql_test 8.1.3 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE t3 MATCH 'a';
+} {2 4 6 8}
+do_execsql_test 8.2.1 {
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t4 USING fts4(tokenize=unicode61 "remove_diacritics=0");
+  INSERT INTO t4 SELECT * FROM t3;
+}
+do_execsql_test 8.2.2 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t4 WHERE t4 MATCH 'o';
+} {1 3}
+do_execsql_test 8.2.3 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t4 WHERE t4 MATCH 'a';
+} {2 4}
 
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/permutations.test b/test/permutations.test
index e6491b7480..426a802a39 100644
--- a/test/permutations.test
+++ b/test/permutations.test
@@ -314,6 +314,14 @@ test_suite "coverage-pager" -description {
   walfault.test  walbak.test  journal2.test    tkt-9d68c883.test
 } 
 
+test_suite "coverage-analyze" -description {
+  Coverage tests for file analyze.c.
+} -files {
+  analyze3.test analyze4.test analyze5.test analyze6.test
+  analyze7.test analyze8.test analyze9.test analyzeA.test
+  analyze.test mallocA.test
+} 
+
 
 lappend ::testsuitelist xxx
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/where.test b/test/where.test
index 42170ceac7..09ad0bce6d 100644
--- a/test/where.test
+++ b/test/where.test
@@ -1304,4 +1304,33 @@ do_test where-17.5 {
   }
 } {42 1 43 1}
 
+# Ticket [be84e357c035d068135f20bcfe82761bbf95006b]  2013-09-03
+# Segfault during query involving LEFT JOIN column in the ORDER BY clause.
+#
+do_execsql_test where-18.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t181(a);
+  CREATE TABLE t182(b,c);
+  INSERT INTO t181 VALUES(1);
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY c IS NULL;
+} {1}
+do_execsql_test where-18.2 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY +c;
+} {1}
+do_execsql_test where-18.3 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY c;
+} {1}
+do_execsql_test where-18.4 {
+  INSERT INTO t181 VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1);
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY +c;
+} {1}
+do_execsql_test where-18.5 {
+  INSERT INTO t181 VALUES(2);
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY c IS NULL, +a;
+} {1 2}
+do_execsql_test where-18.6 {
+  INSERT INTO t181 VALUES(2);
+  SELECT DISTINCT a FROM t181 LEFT JOIN t182 ON a=b ORDER BY +a, +c IS NULL;
+} {1 2}
+
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/whereF.test b/test/whereF.test
index c98312a262..b9580bb196 100644
--- a/test/whereF.test
+++ b/test/whereF.test
@@ -112,4 +112,11 @@ foreach {tn sql} {
    } {/.*SCAN TABLE t2\y.*SEARCH TABLE t1\y.*/}
 }
 
+do_execsql_test 4.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE t4(a,b,c,d,e, PRIMARY KEY(a,b,c));
+  CREATE INDEX t4adc ON t4(a,d,c);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t4aebc ON t4(a,e,b,c);
+  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM t4 WHERE a=? AND b=?;
+} {/a=. AND b=./}
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/tool/mksqlite3c.tcl b/tool/mksqlite3c.tcl
index 9032d1ead7..dd57482007 100644
--- a/tool/mksqlite3c.tcl
+++ b/tool/mksqlite3c.tcl
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ proc section_comment {text} {
 
 # Read the source file named $filename and write it into the
 # sqlite3.c output file.  If any #include statements are seen,
-# process them approprately.
+# process them appropriately.
 #
 proc copy_file {filename} {
   global seen_hdr available_hdr out addstatic linemacros
@@ -171,8 +171,14 @@ proc copy_file {filename} {
       } elseif {![info exists seen_hdr($hdr)]} {
         set seen_hdr($hdr) 1
         puts $out $line
+      } elseif {[regexp {/\*\s+amalgamator:\s+keep\s+\*/} $line]} {
+        # This include file must be kept because there was a "keep"
+        # directive inside of a line comment.
+        puts $out $line
       } else {
-        puts $out "/* $line */"
+        # Comment out the entire line, replacing any nested comment
+        # begin/end markers with the harmless substring "**".
+        puts $out "/* [string map [list /* ** */ **] $line] */"
       }
     } elseif {[regexp {^#ifdef __cplusplus} $line]} {
       puts $out "#if 0"