diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index e359975d87..6fc821da23 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -694,12 +694,26 @@ sqlite3$(TEXE):	shell.c sqlite3.c
 		shell.c sqlite3.c \
 		$(LIBREADLINE) $(TLIBS) -rpath "$(libdir)"
 
-sqldiff$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.lo sqlite3.h
-	$(LTLINK) -o $@ $(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.lo $(TLIBS)
+sqldiff$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h sqlite3.lo sqlite3.h
+	$(LTLINK) -I$(TOP)/ext/misc -o $@ $(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.lo $(TLIBS)
 
 dbhash$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/tool/dbhash.c sqlite3.lo sqlite3.h
 	$(LTLINK) -o $@ $(TOP)/tool/dbhash.c sqlite3.lo $(TLIBS)
 
+RSYNC_SRC = \
+  $(TOP)/tool/sqlite3-rsync.c \
+  sqlite3.c
+
+RSYNC_OPT = \
+  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB \
+  -USQLITE_THREADSAFE \
+  -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+
+sqlite3-rsync$(TEXE):	$(RSYNC_SRC)
+	$(TCC) -o $@ $(RSYNC_OPT) $(RSYNC_SRC) $(TLIBS)
+
 scrub$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/ext/misc/scrub.c sqlite3.lo
 	$(LTLINK) -o $@ -I. -DSCRUB_STANDALONE \
 		$(TOP)/ext/misc/scrub.c sqlite3.lo $(TLIBS)
@@ -1173,8 +1187,6 @@ keywordhash.h:	$(TOP)/tool/mkkeywordhash.c
 # Source and header files that shell.c depends on
 SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)/src/shell.c.in \
-    $(TOP)/ext/consio/console_io.c \
-    $(TOP)/ext/consio/console_io.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/intck/sqlite3intck.c \
@@ -1191,8 +1203,11 @@ SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sha1.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/shathree.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlar.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/uint.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/vfstrace.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/zipfile.c \
@@ -1638,7 +1653,7 @@ tidy:
 	rm -f showjournal$(TEXE) showstat4$(TEXE) showwal$(TEXE) speedtest1$(TEXE)
 	rm -f wordcount$(TEXE) changeset$(TEXE) version-info$(TEXE)
 	rm -f *.dll *.lib *.exp *.def *.pc *.vsix *.so *.dylib pkgIndex.tcl
-	rm -f sqlite3_analyzer$(TEXE)
+	rm -f sqlite3_analyzer$(TEXE) sqlite3-rsync$(TEXE)
 	rm -f mptester$(TEXE) rbu$(TEXE)	srcck1$(TEXE)
 	rm -f fuzzershell$(TEXE) fuzzcheck$(TEXE) sqldiff$(TEXE) dbhash$(TEXE)
 	rm -f threadtest5$(TEXE)
diff --git a/Makefile.msc b/Makefile.msc
index 41e5c1081a..60669993c1 100644
--- a/Makefile.msc
+++ b/Makefile.msc
@@ -1861,12 +1861,25 @@ $(SQLITE3EXE):	shell.c $(SHELL_CORE_DEP) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(SHELL_CORE_SRC) $(SQLIT
 		/link $(SQLITE3EXEPDB) $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(SHELL_LINK_OPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LIBREADLINE) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)
 
 # <<mark>>
-sqldiff.exe:	$(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.h $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.c $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H) $(LIBRESOBJS)
-	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) -I$(TOP)\ext\consio $(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.c $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LIBRESOBJS)
+sqldiff.exe:	$(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.h $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.c $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H) $(LIBRESOBJS)
+	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) -I$(TOP)\ext\misc $(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.c $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LIBRESOBJS)
 
 dbhash.exe:	$(TOP)\tool\dbhash.c $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H)
 	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) $(TOP)\tool\dbhash.c $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS)
 
+RSYNC_SRC = \
+  $(TOP)\tool\sqlite3-rsync.c \
+  $(SQLITE3C)
+
+RSYNC_OPT = \
+  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB \
+  -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+
+sqlite3-rsync.exe:	$(RSYNC_SRC) $(LIBRESOBJS)
+	$(LTLINK) $(RSYNC_OPT) $(NO_WARN) $(RSYNC_SRC) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LIBRESOBJS)
+
 scrub.exe:	$(TOP)\ext\misc\scrub.c $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H)
 	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) -DSCRUB_STANDALONE=1 $(TOP)\ext\misc\scrub.c $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS)
 
@@ -1894,6 +1907,10 @@ fuzzcheck.exe:	$(FUZZCHECK_SRC) $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H)
 fuzzcheck-asan.exe:	$(FUZZCHECK_SRC) $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H)
 	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) /fsanitize=address $(FUZZCHECK_OPTS) $(FUZZCHECK_SRC) $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS)
 
+run-fuzzcheck:	fuzzcheck.exe fuzzcheck-asan.exe
+	fuzzcheck --spinner $(FUZZDB)
+	fuzzcheck-asan --spinner $(FUZZDB)
+
 ossshell.exe:	$(OSSSHELL_SRC) $(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H)
 	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) $(FUZZCHECK_OPTS) $(OSSSHELL_SRC) $(SQLITE3C) /link $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS)
 
@@ -2299,8 +2316,6 @@ keywordhash.h:	$(TOP)\tool\mkkeywordhash.c mkkeywordhash.exe
 # Source and header files that shell.c depends on
 SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)\src\shell.c.in \
-    $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.c \
-    $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.h \
     $(TOP)\ext\expert\sqlite3expert.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\expert\sqlite3expert.h \
     $(TOP)\ext\intck\sqlite3intck.c \
@@ -2317,8 +2332,11 @@ SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\percentile.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\regexp.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\series.c \
+    $(TOP)\ext\misc\sha1.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\shathree.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlar.c \
+    $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.c \
+    $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.h \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\uint.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\vfstrace.c \
     $(TOP)\ext\misc\zipfile.c \
@@ -2606,7 +2624,7 @@ smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS)
 shelltest: $(TESTPROGS)
 	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\permutations.test shell
 
-sqlite3_analyzer.c:	$(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H) $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(TOP)\tool\spaceanal.tcl $(TOP)\tool\mkccode.tcl $(TOP)\tool\sqlite3_analyzer.c.in $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.h $(TOP)\ext\consio\console_io.c $(SQLITE_TCL_DEP)
+sqlite3_analyzer.c:	$(SQLITE3C) $(SQLITE3H) $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(TOP)\tool\spaceanal.tcl $(TOP)\tool\mkccode.tcl $(TOP)\tool\sqlite3_analyzer.c.in $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.h $(TOP)\ext\misc\sqlite3_stdio.c $(SQLITE_TCL_DEP)
 	$(TCLSH_CMD) $(TOP)\tool\mkccode.tcl $(TOP)\tool\sqlite3_analyzer.c.in > $@
 
 sqlite3_analyzer.exe:	sqlite3_analyzer.c $(LIBRESOBJS)
@@ -2761,7 +2779,7 @@ clean:
 	del /Q sqlite3.c sqlite3-*.c sqlite3.h 2>NUL
 	del /Q sqlite3rc.h 2>NUL
 	del /Q shell.c sqlite3ext.h sqlite3session.h 2>NUL
-	del /Q sqlite3_analyzer.exe sqlite3_analyzer.c 2>NUL
+	del /Q sqlite3_analyzer.exe sqlite3_analyzer.c sqlite3-rsync.exe 2>NUL
 	del /Q sqlite-*-output.vsix 2>NUL
 	del /Q fuzzershell.exe fuzzcheck.exe sqldiff.exe dbhash.exe 2>NUL
 	del /Q sqltclsh.* 2>NUL
diff --git a/ext/expert/expert1.test b/ext/expert/expert1.test
index 72c4fd72cd..239450442e 100644
--- a/ext/expert/expert1.test
+++ b/ext/expert/expert1.test
@@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ do_execsql_test 5.0 {
 
   WITH s(i) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<100)
   INSERT INTO t2 SELECT (i-1)/20, (i-1)/5 FROM s;
+
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1( lower(a) );
 }
 do_candidates_test 5.1 {
   SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE (b=? OR a=?) AND (c=? OR d=?)
@@ -457,6 +459,7 @@ do_execsql_test 5.3 {
   ANALYZE;
   SELECT * FROM sqlite_stat1 ORDER BY 1, 2;
 } {
+  t1 i1 {100 50} 
   t1 t1_idx_00000061 {100 50} 
   t1 t1_idx_00000062 {100 20}
   t1 t1_idx_000123a7 {100 50 17}
@@ -491,4 +494,17 @@ USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY
 }}
 }
 
+do_execsql_test 6.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c, d);
+  CREATE INDEX x1ab ON x1(a, lower(b));
+  CREATE INDEX x1dcba ON x1(d, b+c, a);
+}
+
+do_candidates_test 6.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE b=? ORDER BY a;
+} {
+  CREATE INDEX x1_idx_0001267f ON x1(b, a); 
+  CREATE INDEX x1_idx_00000062 ON x1(b);
+}
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c b/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c
index b59a59728d..3177339584 100644
--- a/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c
+++ b/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c
@@ -1623,6 +1623,12 @@ static int idxPopulateOneStat1(
     const char *zComma = zCols==0 ? "" : ", ";
     const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 0);
     const char *zColl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 1);
+    if( zName==0 ){
+      /* This index contains an expression. Ignore it. */
+      sqlite3_free(zCols);
+      sqlite3_free(zOrder);
+      return sqlite3_reset(pIndexXInfo);
+    }
     zCols = idxAppendText(&rc, zCols, 
         "%sx.%Q IS sqlite_expert_rem(%d, x.%Q) COLLATE %s", 
         zComma, zName, nCol, zName, zColl
diff --git a/ext/misc/fileio.c b/ext/misc/fileio.c
index ca8090ed2e..483ef0187f 100644
--- a/ext/misc/fileio.c
+++ b/ext/misc/fileio.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 **   modification-time of the target file is set to this value before
 **   returning.
 **
-**   If three or more arguments are passed to this function and an
+**   If five or more arguments are passed to this function and an
 **   error is encountered, an exception is raised.
 **
 ** READFILE(FILE):
@@ -110,6 +110,13 @@ SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
 #include <time.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
+/* When used as part of the CLI, the sqlite3_stdio.h module will have
+** been included before this one. In that case use the sqlite3_stdio.h
+** #defines.  If not, create our own for fopen().
+*/
+#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
+# define sqlite3_fopen fopen
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Structure of the fsdir() table-valued function
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ static void readFileContents(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zName){
   sqlite3 *db;
   int mxBlob;
 
-  in = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  in = sqlite3_fopen(zName, "rb");
   if( in==0 ){
     /* File does not exist or is unreadable. Leave the result set to NULL. */
     return;
@@ -397,7 +404,7 @@ static int writeFile(
       sqlite3_int64 nWrite = 0;
       const char *z;
       int rc = 0;
-      FILE *out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
+      FILE *out = sqlite3_fopen(zFile, "wb");
       if( out==0 ) return 1;
       z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(pData);
       if( z ){
diff --git a/ext/misc/sha1.c b/ext/misc/sha1.c
index 9790a1d877..07d7970609 100644
--- a/ext/misc/sha1.c
+++ b/ext/misc/sha1.c
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ static void hash_step_vformat(
 ** zOut[].  zOut[] must be at least 41 bytes long. */
 static void hash_finish(
   SHA1Context *p,           /* The SHA1 context to finish and render */
-  char *zOut                /* Store hexadecimal hash here */
+  char *zOut,               /* Store hex or binary hash here */
+  int bAsBinary             /* 1 for binary hash, 0 for hex hash */
 ){
   unsigned int i;
   unsigned char finalcount[8];
@@ -215,11 +216,15 @@ static void hash_finish(
   for (i = 0; i < 20; i++){
     digest[i] = (unsigned char)((p->state[i>>2] >> ((3-(i & 3)) * 8) ) & 255);
   }
-  for(i=0; i<20; i++){
-    zOut[i*2] = zEncode[(digest[i]>>4)&0xf];
-    zOut[i*2+1] = zEncode[digest[i] & 0xf];
+  if( bAsBinary ){
+    memcpy(zOut, digest, 20);
+  }else{
+    for(i=0; i<20; i++){
+      zOut[i*2] = zEncode[(digest[i]>>4)&0xf];
+      zOut[i*2+1] = zEncode[digest[i] & 0xf];
+    }
+    zOut[i*2]= 0;
   }
-  zOut[i*2]= 0;
 }
 /* End of the hashing logic
 *****************************************************************************/
@@ -251,8 +256,13 @@ static void sha1Func(
   }else{
     hash_step(&cx, sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]), nByte);
   }
-  hash_finish(&cx, zOut);
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, zOut, 40, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  if( sqlite3_user_data(context)!=0 ){
+    hash_finish(&cx, zOut, 1);
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, zOut, 20, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  }else{
+    hash_finish(&cx, zOut, 0);
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, zOut, 40, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -365,7 +375,7 @@ static void sha1QueryFunc(
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }
-  hash_finish(&cx, zOut);
+  hash_finish(&cx, zOut, 0);
   sqlite3_result_text(context, zOut, 40, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 
@@ -379,11 +389,17 @@ int sqlite3_sha_init(
   const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  static int one = 1;
   SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
   (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
   rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha1", 1, 
                        SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_INNOCUOUS | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,
-                               0, sha1Func, 0, 0);
+                                0, sha1Func, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha1b", 1, 
+                       SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_INNOCUOUS | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,
+                          (void*)&one, sha1Func, 0, 0);
+  }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha1_query", 1, 
                                  SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY, 0,
diff --git a/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c b/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46f12dff36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+** 2024-09-24
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** Implementation of standard I/O interfaces for UTF-8 that are missing
+** on Windows.
+*/
+#ifdef _WIN32  /* This file is a no-op on all platforms except Windows */
+#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
+#include "sqlite3_stdio.h"
+#endif
+#undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+/*
+** If the SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY option is defined, then only use
+** _O_U8TEXT, _O_WTEXT, and similar together with the UTF-16
+** interfaces to the Windows CRT.  The use of ANSI-only routines
+** like fputs() and ANSI modes like _O_TEXT and _O_BINARY is
+** avoided.
+**
+** The downside of using SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY is that it becomes
+** impossible to output a bare newline character (0x0a) - that is,
+** a newline that is not preceded by a carriage return (0x0d).
+** And without that capability, sometimes the output will be slightly
+** incorrect, as extra 0x0d characters will have been inserted where
+** they do not belong.
+**
+** The SQLITE_U8TEXT_STDIO compile-time option is a compromise.
+** It always enables _O_WTEXT or similar for stdin, stdout, stderr,
+** but allows other streams to be _O_TEXT and/or O_BINARY.  The
+** SQLITE_U8TEXT_STDIO option has the same downside as SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY
+** in that stray 0x0d characters might appear where they ought not, but
+** at least with this option those characters only appear on standard
+** I/O streams, and not on new streams that might be created by the
+** application using sqlite3_fopen() or sqlite3_popen().
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY)
+# define UseWtextForOutput(fd) 1
+# define UseWtextForInput(fd)  1
+# define IsConsole(fd)         _isatty(_fileno(fd))
+#elif defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_STDIO)
+# define UseWtextForOutput(fd) ((fd)==stdout || (fd)==stderr)
+# define UseWtextForInput(fd)  ((fd)==stdin)
+# define IsConsole(fd)         _isatty(_fileno(fd))
+#else
+# define UseWtextForOutput(fd) _isatty(_fileno(fd))
+# define UseWtextForInput(fd)  _isatty(_fileno(fd))
+# define IsConsole(fd)         1
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Work-alike for the fopen() routine from the standard C library.
+*/
+FILE *sqlite3_fopen(const char *zFilename, const char *zMode){
+  FILE *fp = 0;
+  wchar_t *b1, *b2;
+  int sz1, sz2;
+
+  sz1 = (int)strlen(zFilename);
+  sz2 = (int)strlen(zMode);
+  b1 = malloc( (sz1+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
+  b2 = malloc( (sz2+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
+  if( b1 && b2 ){
+    sz1 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zFilename, sz1, b1, sz1);
+    b1[sz1] = 0;
+    sz2 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zMode, sz2, b2, sz2);
+    b2[sz2] = 0;
+    fp = _wfopen(b1, b2);
+  }
+  free(b1);
+  free(b2);
+  return fp;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Work-alike for the popen() routine from the standard C library.
+*/
+FILE *sqlite3_popen(const char *zCommand, const char *zMode){
+  FILE *fp = 0;
+  wchar_t *b1, *b2;
+  int sz1, sz2;
+
+  sz1 = (int)strlen(zCommand);
+  sz2 = (int)strlen(zMode);
+  b1 = malloc( (sz1+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
+  b2 = malloc( (sz2+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
+  if( b1 && b2 ){
+    sz1 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zCommand, sz1, b1, sz1);
+    b1[sz1] = 0;
+    sz2 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zMode, sz2, b2, sz2);
+    b2[sz2] = 0;
+    fp = _wpopen(b1, b2);
+  }
+  free(b1);
+  free(b2);
+  return fp;
+}
+
+/*
+** Work-alike for fgets() from the standard C library.
+*/
+char *sqlite3_fgets(char *buf, int sz, FILE *in){
+  if( UseWtextForInput(in) ){
+    /* When reading from the command-prompt in Windows, it is necessary
+    ** to use _O_WTEXT input mode to read UTF-16 characters, then translate
+    ** that into UTF-8.  Otherwise, non-ASCII characters all get translated
+    ** into '?'.
+    */
+    wchar_t *b1 = malloc( sz*sizeof(wchar_t) );
+    if( b1==0 ) return 0;
+    _setmode(_fileno(in), IsConsole(in) ? _O_WTEXT : _O_U8TEXT);
+    if( fgetws(b1, sz/4, in)==0 ){
+      sqlite3_free(b1);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, b1, -1, buf, sz, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(b1);
+    return buf;
+  }else{
+    /* Reading from a file or other input source, just read bytes without
+    ** any translation. */
+    return fgets(buf, sz, in);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Work-alike for fputs() from the standard C library.
+*/
+int sqlite3_fputs(const char *z, FILE *out){
+  if( UseWtextForOutput(out) ){
+    /* When writing to the command-prompt in Windows, it is necessary
+    ** to use _O_WTEXT input mode and write UTF-16 characters.
+    */
+    int sz = (int)strlen(z);
+    wchar_t *b1 = malloc( (sz+1)*sizeof(wchar_t) );
+    if( b1==0 ) return 0;
+    sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, z, sz, b1, sz);
+    b1[sz] = 0;
+    _setmode(_fileno(out), _O_U8TEXT);
+    fputws(b1, out);
+    sqlite3_free(b1);
+    return 0;
+  }else{
+    /* Writing to a file or other destination, just write bytes without
+    ** any translation. */
+    return fputs(z, out);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Work-alike for fprintf() from the standard C library.
+*/
+int sqlite3_fprintf(FILE *out, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  int rc;
+  if( UseWtextForOutput(out) ){
+    /* When writing to the command-prompt in Windows, it is necessary
+    ** to use _O_WTEXT input mode and write UTF-16 characters.
+    */
+    char *z;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    va_start(ap, zFormat);
+    z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    sqlite3_fputs(z, out);
+    rc = (int)strlen(z);
+    sqlite3_free(z);
+  }else{
+    /* Writing to a file or other destination, just write bytes without
+    ** any translation. */
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, zFormat);
+    rc = vfprintf(out, zFormat, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the mode for an output stream.  mode argument is typically _O_BINARY or
+** _O_TEXT.
+*/
+void sqlite3_fsetmode(FILE *fp, int mode){
+  if( !UseWtextForOutput(fp) ){
+    fflush(fp);
+    _setmode(_fileno(fp), mode);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
diff --git a/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h b/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd0eefad04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+** 2024-09-24
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This header file contains definitions of interfaces that provide 
+** cross-platform I/O for UTF-8 content.
+**
+** On most platforms, the interfaces definitions in this file are
+** just #defines.  For example sqlite3_fopen() is a macro that resolves
+** to the standard fopen() in the C-library.
+**
+** But Windows does not have a standard C-library, at least not one that
+** can handle UTF-8.  So for windows build, the interfaces resolve to new
+** C-language routines contained in the separate sqlite3_stdio.c source file.
+**
+** So on all non-Windows platforms, simply #include this header file and
+** use the interfaces defined herein.  Then to run your application on Windows,
+** also link in the accompanying sqlite3_stdio.c source file when compiling
+** to get compatible interfaces.
+*/
+#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
+#define _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_ 1
+#ifdef _WIN32
+/**** Definitions For Windows ****/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+FILE *sqlite3_fopen(const char *zFilename, const char *zMode);
+FILE *sqlite3_popen(const char *zCommand, const char *type);
+char *sqlite3_fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);
+int sqlite3_fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);
+int sqlite3_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
+void sqlite3_fsetmode(FILE *stream, int mode);
+
+
+#else
+/**** Definitions For All Other Platforms ****/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define sqlite3_fopen     fopen
+#define sqlite3_popen     popen
+#define sqlite3_fgets     fgets
+#define sqlite3_fputs     fputs
+#define sqlite3_fprintf   fprintf
+#define sqlite3_fsetmode(F,X)   /*no-op*/
+
+#endif
+#endif /* _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_ */
diff --git a/ext/misc/vfstrace.c b/ext/misc/vfstrace.c
index 9d36dc022b..b7c8175eeb 100644
--- a/ext/misc/vfstrace.c
+++ b/ext/misc/vfstrace.c
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ static const char *lockName(int eLock){
   const char *azLockNames[] = {
      "NONE", "SHARED", "RESERVED", "PENDING", "EXCLUSIVE"
   };
-  if( eLock<0 || eLock>=sizeof(azLockNames)/sizeof(azLockNames[0]) ){
+  if( eLock<0 || eLock>=(int)(sizeof(azLockNames)/sizeof(azLockNames[0])) ){
     return "???";
   }else{
     return azLockNames[eLock];
diff --git a/ext/misc/zipfile.c b/ext/misc/zipfile.c
index fd6d13bc38..2377457dfb 100644
--- a/ext/misc/zipfile.c
+++ b/ext/misc/zipfile.c
@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
 
 #include <zlib.h>
 
+/* When used as part of the CLI, the sqlite3_stdio.h module will have
+** been included before this one. In that case use the sqlite3_stdio.h
+** #defines.  If not, create our own for fopen().
+*/
+#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
+# define sqlite3_fopen fopen
+#endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
@@ -1291,7 +1299,7 @@ static int zipfileFilter(
   }
 
   if( 0==pTab->pWriteFd && 0==bInMemory ){
-    pCsr->pFile = zFile ? fopen(zFile, "rb") : 0;
+    pCsr->pFile = zFile ? sqlite3_fopen(zFile, "rb") : 0;
     if( pCsr->pFile==0 ){
       zipfileCursorErr(pCsr, "cannot open file: %s", zFile);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -1481,7 +1489,7 @@ static int zipfileBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   ** structure into memory. During the transaction any new file data is 
   ** appended to the archive file, but the central directory is accumulated
   ** in main-memory until the transaction is committed.  */
-  pTab->pWriteFd = fopen(pTab->zFile, "ab+");
+  pTab->pWriteFd = sqlite3_fopen(pTab->zFile, "ab+");
   if( pTab->pWriteFd==0 ){
     pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
         "zipfile: failed to open file %s for writing", pTab->zFile
diff --git a/ext/session/sessionalter.test b/ext/session/sessionalter.test
index 34424cf275..bcff7c5357 100644
--- a/ext/session/sessionalter.test
+++ b/ext/session/sessionalter.test
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ foreach {tn sql1 at sql2} {
   
     sqlite3changegroup grp
     grp schema db main
+    breakpoint
     grp add $C1
     grp add $C2
     set T1 [grp output]
diff --git a/ext/session/sessionfault3.test b/ext/session/sessionfault3.test
index af5a4cdb43..5af9c9ed70 100644
--- a/ext/session/sessionfault3.test
+++ b/ext/session/sessionfault3.test
@@ -56,4 +56,28 @@ do_faultsim_test 1 -faults oom* -prep {
   faultsim_test_result {0 {}} {1 SQLITE_NOMEM}
 }
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 2.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'one');
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 'two');
+  ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
+}
+faultsim_save_and_close
+
+do_faultsim_test 2 -faults oom-t* -prep {
+  faultsim_restore_and_reopen
+  db eval {SELECT * FROM sqlite_schema}
+} -body {
+  sqlite3session S db main
+  S attach *
+  execsql {
+    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a = 1;
+  }
+} -test {
+  faultsim_test_result {0 {}} {1 SQLITE_NOMEM}
+  catch { S delete }
+}
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/ext/session/sessionnoact.test b/ext/session/sessionnoact.test
index 1274ecb146..aa1cde4749 100644
--- a/ext/session/sessionnoact.test
+++ b/ext/session/sessionnoact.test
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ do_execsql_test 1.5 {
   UPDATE p1 SET c=12345 WHERE a = 45;
 }
 
+breakpoint
 sqlite3changeset_apply_v2 -noaction db $C conflict
 do_execsql_test 1.6 {
   SELECT * FROM c1
diff --git a/ext/session/sqlite3session.c b/ext/session/sqlite3session.c
index 7a8132bfa6..f2eb942e68 100644
--- a/ext/session/sqlite3session.c
+++ b/ext/session/sqlite3session.c
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ struct SessionBuffer {
 ** input data. Input data may be supplied either as a single large buffer
 ** (e.g. sqlite3changeset_start()) or using a stream function (e.g.
 **  sqlite3changeset_start_strm()).
+**
+** bNoDiscard:
+**   If true, then the only time data is discarded is as a result of explicit
+**   sessionDiscardData() calls. Not within every sessionInputBuffer() call.
 */
 struct SessionInput {
   int bNoDiscard;                 /* If true, do not discard in InputBuffer() */
@@ -1757,16 +1761,19 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
       for(i=0; i<(pTab->nCol-pTab->bRowid); i++){
         sqlite3_value *p = 0;
         if( op!=SQLITE_INSERT ){
-          TESTONLY(int trc = ) pSession->hook.xOld(pSession->hook.pCtx, i, &p);
-          assert( trc==SQLITE_OK );
+          /* This may fail if the column has a non-NULL default and was added 
+          ** using ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN after this record was created. */
+          rc = pSession->hook.xOld(pSession->hook.pCtx, i, &p);
         }else if( pTab->abPK[i] ){
           TESTONLY(int trc = ) pSession->hook.xNew(pSession->hook.pCtx, i, &p);
           assert( trc==SQLITE_OK );
         }
 
-        /* This may fail if SQLite value p contains a utf-16 string that must
-        ** be converted to utf-8 and an OOM error occurs while doing so. */
-        rc = sessionSerializeValue(0, p, &nByte);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          /* This may fail if SQLite value p contains a utf-16 string that must
+          ** be converted to utf-8 and an OOM error occurs while doing so. */
+          rc = sessionSerializeValue(0, p, &nByte);
+        }
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto error_out;
       }
       if( pTab->bRowid ){
@@ -5124,15 +5131,21 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
   int nTab = 0;                   /* Result of sqlite3Strlen30(zTab) */
   SessionApplyCtx sApply;         /* changeset_apply() context object */
   int bPatchset;
+  u64 savedFlag = db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction;
 
   assert( xConflict!=0 );
 
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
+  if( flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION ){
+    db->flags |= ((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
+    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
+  }
+
   pIter->in.bNoDiscard = 1;
   memset(&sApply, 0, sizeof(sApply));
   sApply.bRebase = (ppRebase && pnRebase);
   sApply.bInvertConstraints = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
   sApply.bIgnoreNoop = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
   if( (flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT)==0 ){
     rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "SAVEPOINT changeset_apply", 0, 0, 0);
   }
@@ -5294,6 +5307,12 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
   sqlite3_free((char*)sApply.azCol);  /* cast works around VC++ bug */
   sqlite3_free((char*)sApply.constraints.aBuf);
   sqlite3_free((char*)sApply.rebase.aBuf);
+
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION) && savedFlag==0 ){
+    assert( db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction );
+    db->flags &= ~((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
+    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
+  }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
   return rc;
 }
@@ -5322,12 +5341,6 @@ int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */  
   int bInv = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
   int rc = sessionChangesetStart(&pIter, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset, bInv, 1);
-  u64 savedFlag = db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction;
-
-  if( flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION ){
-    db->flags |= ((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
-    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
-  }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sessionChangesetApply(
@@ -5335,11 +5348,6 @@ int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
     );
   }
 
-  if( (flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION) && savedFlag==0 ){
-    assert( db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction );
-    db->flags &= ~((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
-    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
-  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -5660,6 +5668,9 @@ static int sessionChangesetExtendRecord(
     sessionAppendBlob(pOut, aRec, nRec, &rc);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pTab->pDfltStmt==0 ){
       rc = sessionPrepareDfltStmt(pGrp->db, pTab, &pTab->pDfltStmt);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pTab->pDfltStmt) ){
+        rc = sqlite3_errcode(pGrp->db);
+      }
     }
     for(ii=nCol; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<pTab->nCol; ii++){
       int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
@@ -5676,6 +5687,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetExtendRecord(
           }
           if( SQLITE_OK==sessionBufferGrow(pOut, 8, &rc) ){
             sessionPutI64(&pOut->aBuf[pOut->nBuf], iVal);
+            pOut->nBuf += 8;
           }
           break;
         }
@@ -5815,6 +5827,8 @@ static int sessionOneChangeToHash(
   u8 *aRec = &pIter->in.aData[pIter->in.iCurrent + 2];
   int nRec = (pIter->in.iNext - pIter->in.iCurrent) - 2;
 
+  assert( nRec>0 );
+
   /* Ensure that only changesets, or only patchsets, but not a mixture
   ** of both, are being combined. It is an error to try to combine a
   ** changeset and a patchset.  */
@@ -5892,6 +5906,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
   int nRec;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+  pIter->in.bNoDiscard = 1;
   while( SQLITE_ROW==(sessionChangesetNext(pIter, &aRec, &nRec, 0)) ){
     rc = sessionOneChangeToHash(pGrp, pIter, bRebase);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
diff --git a/main.mk b/main.mk
index 17284dd9f3..f0f41736d1 100644
--- a/main.mk
+++ b/main.mk
@@ -560,14 +560,27 @@ sqlite3$(EXE):	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.a shell.c
 	$(TCCX) $(READLINE_FLAGS) -o sqlite3$(EXE) $(SHELL_OPT) \
 		shell.c libsqlite3.a $(LIBREADLINE) $(TLIBS) $(THREADLIB)
 
-sqldiff$(EXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
-	$(TCCX) -o sqldiff$(EXE) -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
+sqldiff$(EXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
+	$(TCCX) -I$(TOP)/ext/misc -o sqldiff$(EXE) -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
 		$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c $(TLIBS) $(THREADLIB)
 
 dbhash$(EXE):	$(TOP)/tool/dbhash.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
 	$(TCCX) -o dbhash$(EXE) -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
 		$(TOP)/tool/dbhash.c sqlite3.c $(TLIBS) $(THREADLIB)
 
+RSYNC_SRC = \
+  $(TOP)/tool/sqlite3-rsync.c \
+  sqlite3.c
+
+RSYNC_OPT = \
+  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB \
+  -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION \
+  -DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+
+sqlite3-rsync$(EXE):	$(RSYNC_SRC)
+	$(TCC) -o $@ $(RSYNC_OPT) $(RSYNC_SRC) $(TLIBS)
+
 scrub$(EXE):	$(TOP)/ext/misc/scrub.c sqlite3.o
 	$(TCC) -I. -DSCRUB_STANDALONE -o scrub$(EXE) $(TOP)/ext/misc/scrub.c sqlite3.o $(THREADLIB)
 
@@ -750,8 +763,6 @@ keywordhash.h:	$(TOP)/tool/mkkeywordhash.c
 # Source and header files that shell.c depends on
 SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)/src/shell.c.in \
-    $(TOP)/ext/consio/console_io.c \
-    $(TOP)/ext/consio/console_io.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/intck/sqlite3intck.c \
@@ -768,8 +779,11 @@ SHELL_DEP = \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sha1.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/shathree.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlar.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c \
+    $(TOP)/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/uint.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/vfstrace.c \
     $(TOP)/ext/misc/zipfile.c \
@@ -1145,7 +1159,7 @@ clean:
 	rm -f showjournal$(TEXE) showstat4$(TEXE) showwal$(TEXE) speedtest1$(TEXE)
 	rm -f wordcount$(TEXE) changeset$(TEXE) version-info$(TEXE)
 	rm -f *.dll *.lib *.exp *.def *.pc *.vsix
-	rm -f sqlite3_analyzer$(TEXE)
+	rm -f sqlite3_analyzer$(TEXE) sqlite3-rsync$(TEXE)
 	rm -f mptester$(TEXE) rbu$(TEXE)	srcck1$(TEXE)
 	rm -f fuzzershell$(TEXE) fuzzcheck$(TEXE) sqldiff$(TEXE) dbhash$(TEXE)
 	rm -f threadtest5$(TEXE)
diff --git a/manifest b/manifest
index 0daa473be9..2888f0d958 100644
--- a/manifest
+++ b/manifest
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-C Allow\sUPDATEs\sof\sunindexed\scolumns\sin\sfts5\scontentless_unindexed=1\stables.\sTesting\sto\scome.
-D 2024-09-27T10:57:41.777
+C Merge\strunk\schanges\sinto\sthis\sbranch.
+D 2024-09-27T11:35:22.006
 F .fossil-settings/empty-dirs dbb81e8fc0401ac46a1491ab34a7f2c7c0452f2f06b54ebb845d024ca8283ef1
 F .fossil-settings/ignore-glob 35175cdfcf539b2318cb04a9901442804be81cd677d8b889fcc9149c21f239ea
 F LICENSE.md df5091916dbb40e6e9686186587125e1b2ff51f022cc334e886c19a0e9982724
-F Makefile.in 7753650b4204e3ccd55a4e6a0d73a5a01f737dcefb099d901ce1de5df9d0b82c
+F Makefile.in 6a826facc78c3c8ad38bf00ed588f6aa3665ccd7a9749b891d20582fc290c77e
 F Makefile.linux-gcc f3842a0b1efbfbb74ac0ef60e56b301836d05b4d867d014f714fa750048f1ab6
-F Makefile.msc 6e8925dca6dc8c3e9cce042bbf347d20164653e63aeafcf6f6a28e27cf976d8b
+F Makefile.msc 9c6d80d9d103fa42e931f4c464884a5e577fae8563acc7589bff4e43fbe8f864
 F README.md c3c0f19532ce28f6297a71870f3c7b424729f0e6d9ab889616d3587dd2332159
 F VERSION 0db40f92c04378404eb45bff93e9e42c148c7e54fd3da99469ed21e22411f5a6
 F aclocal.m4 a5c22d164aff7ed549d53a90fa56d56955281f50
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ F ext/consio/console_io.c d2b74afae8d301de2e8447b1045fcd33eb59df13bf581d906d99c7
 F ext/consio/console_io.h b5ebe34aa15b357621ebbea3d3f2e2b24750d4280b5802516409e23947fd9ee5
 F ext/expert/README.md b321c2762bb93c18ea102d5a5f7753a4b8bac646cb392b3b437f633caf2020c3
 F ext/expert/expert.c d548d603a4cc9e61f446cc179c120c6713511c413f82a4a32b1e1e69d3f086a4
-F ext/expert/expert1.test 661f873fd451127edf822ef0d520088faa319135f6a15bd10be6801ac284ac9b
-F ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c 8b09aeb2b95a9fca8b6628b522bf4d69aa746ff64c38eb1e99a9b5fad8cf03b9
+F ext/expert/expert1.test b10f9e20f64102a015c0fcf54cb7b7680266b397e91d93cdad45f57857cdfba6
+F ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c df417a6d91873a74d35daa9259171647c23c6601415e938e8a71702703f3d677
 F ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h ca81efc2679a92373a13a3e76a6138d0310e32be53d6c3bfaedabd158ea8969b
 F ext/expert/test_expert.c b767b2039a0df707eb3147e86bcf68b252d8455d9a41774b1a836cd052ceca70
 F ext/fts3/README.content b9078d0843a094d86af0d48dffbff13c906702b4c3558012e67b9c7cc3bf59ee
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ F ext/misc/dbdump.c b8592f6f2da292c62991a13864a60d6c573c47a9cc58362131b9e6a64f82
 F ext/misc/decimal.c 172cf81a8634e6a0f0bedaf71a8372fee63348cf5a3c4e1b78bb233c35889fdc
 F ext/misc/eval.c 04bc9aada78c888394204b4ed996ab834b99726fb59603b0ee3ed6e049755dc1
 F ext/misc/explain.c 606100185fb90d6a1eade1ed0414d53503c86820d8956a06e3b0a56291894f2b
-F ext/misc/fileio.c 916638042f318701460485032e33981056747d0f92e6757aa9499f2363ea7047
+F ext/misc/fileio.c e6b34db4df4b55b96265086c0010264e257b6eab1644e665697a6da587659403
 F ext/misc/fossildelta.c 8c026e086e406e2b69947f1856fa3b848fff5379962276430d10085b8756b05a
 F ext/misc/fuzzer.c 8b28acf1a7e95d50e332bdd47e792ff27054ad99d3f9bc2e91273814d4b31a5a
 F ext/misc/ieee754.c 62a90978204d2c956d5036eb89e548e736ca5fac0e965912867ddd7bb833256d
@@ -421,11 +421,13 @@ F ext/misc/remember.c add730f0f7e7436cd15ea3fd6a90fd83c3f706ab44169f7f048438b7d6
 F ext/misc/rot13.c 51ac5f51e9d5fd811db58a9c23c628ad5f333c173f1fc53c8491a3603d38556c
 F ext/misc/scrub.c 2a44b0d44c69584c0580ad2553f6290a307a49df4668941d2812135bfb96a946
 F ext/misc/series.c a6089b5e8e3002bd1e5d9877cee6aead0b9a6426e406c09a399817db9e9ae823
-F ext/misc/sha1.c 4011aef176616872b2a0d5bccf0ecfb1f7ce3fe5c3d107f3a8e949d8e1e3f08d
+F ext/misc/sha1.c cb5002148c2661b5946f34561701e9105e9d339b713ec8ac057fd888b196dcb9
 F ext/misc/shathree.c 1821d90a0040c9accdbe3e3527d378d30569475d758aa70f6848924c0b430e8c
 F ext/misc/showauth.c 732578f0fe4ce42d577e1c86dc89dd14a006ab52
 F ext/misc/spellfix.c c0aa7b80d6df45f7da59d912b38752bcac1af53a5766966160e6c5cdd397dbea
 F ext/misc/sqlar.c a6175790482328171da47095f87608b48a476d4fac78d8a9ff18b03a2454f634
+F ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c f110e6f2dc97c67e89f941f82af7dbd221193fa44d1e3ef38a691454a2cbccda
+F ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h f05eaf5e0258f0573910324a789a9586fc360a57678c57a6d63cfaa2245b6176
 F ext/misc/stmt.c b090086cd6bd6281c21271d38d576eeffe662f0e6b67536352ce32bbaa438321
 F ext/misc/stmtrand.c 59cffa5d8e158943ff1ce078956d8e208e8c04e67307e8f249dece2436dcb7fc
 F ext/misc/templatevtab.c 10f15b165b95423ddef593bc5dcb915ec4eb5e0f1066d585e5435a368b8bc22b
@@ -436,11 +438,11 @@ F ext/misc/urifuncs.c f71360d14fa9e7626b563f1f781c6148109462741c5235ac63ae0f8917
 F ext/misc/uuid.c 5bb2264c1b64d163efa46509544fd7500cb8769cb7c16dd52052da8d961505cf
 F ext/misc/vfslog.c 3932ab932eeb2601dbc4447cb14d445aaa9fbe43b863ef5f014401c3420afd20
 F ext/misc/vfsstat.c a85df08654743922a19410d7b1e3111de41bb7cd07d20dd16eda4e2b808d269d
-F ext/misc/vfstrace.c 03f90dd465968e01f5d1d3e79c36cbc53a5bfe1bd55d239435ce94df19d5b0ac
+F ext/misc/vfstrace.c ac76a4ac4d907774fd423cc2b61410c756f9d0782e27cf6032e058594accaaca
 F ext/misc/vtablog.c 1100250ce8782db37c833e3a9a5c9a3ecf1af5e15b8325572b82e6e0a138ffb5
 F ext/misc/vtshim.c 1976e6dd68dd0d64508c91a6dfab8e75f8aaf6cd
 F ext/misc/wholenumber.c 0fa0c082676b7868bf2fa918e911133f2b349bcdceabd1198bba5f65b4fc0668
-F ext/misc/zipfile.c 5a3bf1b9cccb8e0da2389fe9e39e9c7f2b1351474b7e5090635f817d495eee3f
+F ext/misc/zipfile.c b62147ac4985eaac4e368d529b1f4f43ad6bc9ac13d6805d907fff3afdac64d3
 F ext/misc/zorder.c b0ff58fa643afa1d846786d51ea8d5c4b6b35aa0254ab5a82617db92f3adda64
 F ext/rbu/rbu.c 801450b24eaf14440d8fd20385aacc751d5c9d6123398df41b1b5aa804bf4ce8
 F ext/rbu/rbu1.test 25870dd7db7eb5597e2b4d6e29e7a7e095abf332660f67d89959552ce8f8f255
@@ -576,7 +578,7 @@ F ext/session/sessionG.test 3efe388282d641b65485b5462e67851002cd91a282dc95b685d0
 F ext/session/sessionH.test 71bbff6b1abb2c4ac62b84dee53273c37e0b21e5fde3aed80929403e091ef859
 F ext/session/session_common.tcl e5598096425486b363718e2cda48ee85d660c96b4f8ea9d9d7a4c3ef514769da
 F ext/session/session_speed_test.c dcf0ef58d76b70c8fbd9eab3be77cf9deb8bc1638fed8be518b62d6cbdef88b3
-F ext/session/sessionalter.test 460bdac2832a550519f6bc32e5db2c0cee94f335870aaf25a3a403a81ab20e17
+F ext/session/sessionalter.test e852acb3d2357aac7d0b920a2109da758c4331bfdf85b41d39aa3a8c18914f65
 F ext/session/sessionat.test 00c8badb35e43a2f12a716d2734a44d614ff62361979b6b85419035bc04b45ee
 F ext/session/sessionbig.test 47c381e7acfabeef17d98519a3080d69151723354d220afa2053852182ca7adf
 F ext/session/sessionchange.test 77c4702050f24270b58070e2cf01c95c3d232a3ef164b70f31974b386ce69903
@@ -584,10 +586,10 @@ F ext/session/sessionconflict.test 8b8cbd98548e2e636ddc17d0986276f60e833fb865617
 F ext/session/sessiondiff.test e89f7aedcdd89e5ebac3a455224eb553a171e9586fc3e1e6a7b3388d2648ba8d
 F ext/session/sessionfault.test c2b43d01213b389a3f518e90775fca2120812ba51e50444c4066962263e45c11
 F ext/session/sessionfault2.test b0d6a7c1d7398a7e800d84657404909c7d385965ea8576dc79ed344c46fbf41c
-F ext/session/sessionfault3.test 7c7547202775de268f3fe6f074c4d0d165151829710b4e64f90d4a01645ba9e7
+F ext/session/sessionfault3.test ce0b5d182133935c224d72507dbf1c5be1a1febf7e85d0b0fbd6d2f724b32b96
 F ext/session/sessioninvert.test 04075517a9497a80d39c495ba6b44f3982c7371129b89e2c52219819bc105a25
 F ext/session/sessionmem.test f2a735db84a3e9e19f571033b725b0b2daf847f3f28b1da55a0c1a4e74f1de09
-F ext/session/sessionnoact.test 506526a5fe29421ecc50d371774ef1bb04cbd9d906a8a468f0556cdbde184c22
+F ext/session/sessionnoact.test 2563dff62a2a80dc7c88002241b2fd1578c3e5438735e180fb7e941ebbc66214
 F ext/session/sessionnoop.test a9366a36a95ef85f8a3687856ebef46983df399541174cb1ede2ee53b8011bc7
 F ext/session/sessionnoop2.test de4672dce88464396ec9f30ed08c6c01643a69c53ae540fadbbf6d30642d64e8
 F ext/session/sessionrebase.test 702378bdcb5062f1106e74457beca8797d09c113a81768734a58b197b5b334e2
@@ -595,7 +597,7 @@ F ext/session/sessionrowid.test 85187c2f1b38861a5844868126f69f9ec62223a03449a98a
 F ext/session/sessionsize.test 8fcf4685993c3dbaa46a24183940ab9f5aa9ed0d23e5fb63bfffbdb56134b795
 F ext/session/sessionstat1.test 5e718d5888c0c49bbb33a7a4f816366db85f59f6a4f97544a806421b85dc2dec
 F ext/session/sessionwor.test 6fd9a2256442cebde5b2284936ae9e0d54bde692d0f5fd009ecef8511f4cf3fc
-F ext/session/sqlite3session.c c7473aafbd88f796391a8c25aa90975a8f3729ab7f4f8cf74ab9d3b014e10abe
+F ext/session/sqlite3session.c 3d0a7f0f7a1c946e01818c716a55a40ae30542a29a9045cb05daf7fb658cdafa
 F ext/session/sqlite3session.h 683ccbf16e2c2521661fc4c1cf918ce57002039efbcabcd8097fa4bca569104b
 F ext/session/test_session.c aa29abdcc9011ac02f4fa38e8ede226106eaeee7c3ea7d8b2b999a124e0c368c
 F ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h 7f3ea8c4686db8e40b0a0e7a8e0b00fac13aa7a3
@@ -688,7 +690,7 @@ F ext/wasm/wasmfs.make 8a4955882aaa0783b3f60a9484a1f0f3d8b6f775c0fcd17c082f31966
 F install-sh 9d4de14ab9fb0facae2f48780b874848cbf2f895 x
 F ltmain.sh 3ff0879076df340d2e23ae905484d8c15d5fdea8
 F magic.txt 5ade0bc977aa135e79e3faaea894d5671b26107cc91e70783aa7dc83f22f3ba0
-F main.mk 391342c3c0907f57bbb9ab60ce4b3cfe1ea61161996b449033984673d18980fd
+F main.mk 0a55ebec3508ca1bdb593d86f3aa19d7fa42a2ddd3220703e6dc0a65f1338a43
 F mptest/config01.test 3c6adcbc50b991866855f1977ff172eb6d901271
 F mptest/config02.test 4415dfe36c48785f751e16e32c20b077c28ae504
 F mptest/crash01.test 61e61469e257df0850df4293d7d4d6c2af301421
@@ -715,9 +717,9 @@ F src/callback.c db3a45e376deff6a16c0058163fe0ae2b73a2945f3f408ca32cf74960b28d49
 F src/complete.c a3634ab1e687055cd002e11b8f43eb75c17da23e
 F src/ctime.c b224d3db0f28c4a5f1407c50107a0a8133bd244ff3c7f6f8cedeb896a8cf1b64
 F src/date.c 89ce1ff20512a7fa5070ba6e7dd5c171148ca7d580955795bf97c79c2456144a
-F src/dbpage.c f8c93e845d1093554247c1e757cb443fc48ffbcb112cecfdebeca4b6aa6e5c6e
+F src/dbpage.c 12e49515d67d4a59625d71f9aa42499556cfdc2e4f1ea49086e674a7f47f46e5
 F src/dbstat.c 73362c0df0f40ad5523a6f5501224959d0976757b511299bf892313e79d14f5c
-F src/delete.c 444c4d1eaac40103461e3b6f0881846dd3aafc1cec1dd169d3482fa331667da7
+F src/delete.c 03a77ba20e54f0f42ebd8eddf15411ed6bdb06a2c472ac4b6b336521bf7cea42
 F src/expr.c 6d5f2c38fe3ec06a7eac599dac822788b36064124e20112a844e9cd5156cb239
 F src/fault.c 460f3e55994363812d9d60844b2a6de88826e007
 F src/fkey.c 928ed2517e8732113d2b9821aa37af639688d752f4ea9ac6e0e393d713eeb76f
@@ -731,7 +733,7 @@ F src/insert.c f8d1a0f8ee258411009c6b7f2d93170e351bd19f5ad89d57e1180644297cbe70
 F src/json.c 68a98c020c22127f2d65f08855f7fc7460ff352a6ce0b543d8931dde83319c22
 F src/legacy.c d7874bc885906868cd51e6c2156698f2754f02d9eee1bae2d687323c3ca8e5aa
 F src/loadext.c 7432c944ff197046d67a1207790a1b13eec4548c85a9457eb0896bb3641dfb36
-F src/main.c e7b53893f9fb3ad76baa8513f85c167b34d5c8e25ce64608db440f5637d0fe9e
+F src/main.c 4db6e3bde55ba0b24ccc83600c2b6ea11429f61ce7b3a2e7e3b42e1b45366c3e
 F src/malloc.c 410e570b30c26cc36e3372577df50f7a96ee3eed5b2b161c6b6b48773c650c5e
 F src/mem0.c 6a55ebe57c46ca1a7d98da93aaa07f99f1059645
 F src/mem1.c 3bb59158c38e05f6270e761a9f435bf19827a264c13d1631c58b84bdc96d73b2
@@ -752,7 +754,7 @@ F src/os.h 1ff5ae51d339d0e30d8a9d814f4b8f8e448169304d83a7ed9db66a65732f3e63
 F src/os_common.h 6c0eb8dd40ef3e12fe585a13e709710267a258e2c8dd1c40b1948a1d14582e06
 F src/os_kv.c 4d39e1f1c180b11162c6dc4aa8ad34053873a639bac6baae23272fc03349986a
 F src/os_setup.h 6011ad7af5db4e05155f385eb3a9b4470688de6f65d6166b8956e58a3d872107
-F src/os_unix.c 6e3e4fc75904ff85184091dbab996e6e35c1799e771788961cc3b4fcbe8f852c
+F src/os_unix.c 779e83666ecd535f6725497ba6da069c1d15138ff6a4ee123edad1ae0cdfbe83
 F src/os_win.c 6ff43bac175bd9ed79e7c0f96840b139f2f51d01689a638fd05128becf94908a
 F src/os_win.h 7b073010f1451abe501be30d12f6bc599824944a
 F src/pager.c b08600ebf0db90b6d1e9b8b6577c6fa3877cbe1a100bd0b2899e4c6e9adad4b3
@@ -763,17 +765,17 @@ F src/pcache.h 1497ce1b823cf00094bb0cf3bac37b345937e6f910890c626b16512316d3abf5
 F src/pcache1.c 49516ad7718a3626f28f710fa7448ef1fce3c07fd169acbb4817341950264319
 F src/pragma.c 52bfbf6dfd668b69b5eb9bd1186e3a67367c8453807150d6e75239229924f684
 F src/pragma.h e690a356c18e98414d2e870ea791c1be1545a714ba623719deb63f7f226d8bb7
-F src/prepare.c d99931f45416652895e502328ca49fe782cfc4e1ebdcda13b3736d991ebf42ce
+F src/prepare.c 3ba0ad907b7773ed642f66cea8a2c9c8edc18841aa1050b6218dbb3479e86225
 F src/printf.c 6a87534ebfb9e5346011191b1f3a7ebc457f5938c7e4feeea478ecf53f6a41b2
 F src/random.c 606b00941a1d7dd09c381d3279a058d771f406c5213c9932bbd93d5587be4b9c
-F src/resolve.c 2c127880c0634962837f16f2f48a295e514357af959330cc038de73015d5b5e8
+F src/resolve.c 9750a281f7ba073b4e6da2be1a6c4071f5d841a7746c5fb3f70d6d793b6675ea
 F src/rowset.c 8432130e6c344b3401a8874c3cb49fefe6873fec593294de077afea2dce5ec97
 F src/select.c 4b14337a2742f0c0beeba490e9a05507e9b4b12184b9cd12773501d08d48e3fe
-F src/shell.c.in 470db843788d74234cc1e6873ac51c0ae6529994a52146fefe2e77c0754cbf96
-F src/sqlite.h.in 77f55bd1978a04a14db211732f0a609077cf60ba4ccf9baf39988f508945419c
+F src/shell.c.in 857c60ed21ae2c58d7740d790e8b22e167136ad1930af50527ec0e584a8cc8aa
+F src/sqlite.h.in b20547021d20ba016c2fd0500f14f08a21ff23e64a0ed93e72ca0fecb9e1d0a0
 F src/sqlite3.rc 5121c9e10c3964d5755191c80dd1180c122fc3a8
 F src/sqlite3ext.h 3f046c04ea3595d6bfda99b781926b17e672fd6d27da2ba6d8d8fc39981dcb54
-F src/sqliteInt.h 889cd632f4386bbd8619b166abb7d25f1c8ce6514e90cb7f22f63bd530fc6107
+F src/sqliteInt.h 5978cbb11becc3ce6471015d770d95f694ece06336c496f691df1b02460e9cd5
 F src/sqliteLimit.h 6878ab64bdeb8c24a1d762d45635e34b96da21132179023338c93f820eee6728
 F src/status.c cb11f8589a6912af2da3bb1ec509a94dd8ef27df4d4c1a97e0bcf2309ece972b
 F src/table.c 0f141b58a16de7e2fbe81c308379e7279f4c6b50eb08efeec5892794a0ba30d1
@@ -835,25 +837,25 @@ F src/treeview.c 88aa39b754f5ef7214385c1bbbdd2f3dc20efafeed0cf590e8d1199b9c6e44a
 F src/trigger.c 0bb986a5b96047fd597c6aac28588853df56064e576e6b81ba777ef2ccaac461
 F src/update.c 0e01aa6a3edf9ec112b33eb714b9016a81241497b1fb7c3e74332f4f71756508
 F src/upsert.c 215328c3f91623c520ec8672c44323553f12caeb4f01b1090ebdca99fdf7b4f1
-F src/utf.c f23165685a67b4caf8ec08fb274cb3f319103decfb2a980b7cfd55d18dfa855e
+F src/utf.c 7bc550af6f3ddd5f5dc82d092c41f728acb760c92e0b47f391963b01ae52569b
 F src/util.c 5d1a0134cf4240648d1c6bb5cc8efaca0ea2b5d5c840985aec7e947271f04375
 F src/vacuum.c b763b6457bd058d2072ef9364832351fd8d11e8abf70cbb349657360f7d55c40
 F src/vdbe.c be5f58bc29f60252e041a618eae59e8d57d460ba136c5403cf0abf955560c457
 F src/vdbe.h c2549a215898a390de6669cfa32adba56f0d7e17ba5a7f7b14506d6fd5f0c36a
-F src/vdbeInt.h 949669dfd8a41550d27dcb905b494f2ccde9a2e6c1b0b04daa1227e2e74c2b2c
-F src/vdbeapi.c 80235ac380e9467fec1cb0883354d841f2a771976e766995f7e0c77f845406df
-F src/vdbeaux.c 25d685cafe119ff890c94345e884ea558a6b5d823bfa52ba708eb8ff3c70aa71
+F src/vdbeInt.h af7d7e8291edd0b19f2cd698e60e4d4031078f9a2f2328ac8f0b7efb134f8a1d
+F src/vdbeapi.c 53c7e26a2c0821a892b20eee2cde4656e31998212f3d515576c780dfaa45fd17
+F src/vdbeaux.c 676dbee99b4febdd94bc9658667a2e3bc413c4c0e356242d90f98a1155d513e5
 F src/vdbeblob.c 255be187436da38b01f276c02e6a08103489bbe2a7c6c21537b7aecbe0e1f797
-F src/vdbemem.c 831a244831eaa45335f9ae276b50a7a82ee10d8c46c2c72492d4eb8c98d94d89
+F src/vdbemem.c df568ef0187e4be2788c35174f6d9b8566ab9475f9aff2d73907ed05aa5684b2
 F src/vdbesort.c d0a3c7056c081703c8b6d91ad60f17da5e062a5c64bf568ed0fa1b5f4cae311f
 F src/vdbetrace.c fe0bc29ebd4e02c8bc5c1945f1d2e6be5927ec12c06d89b03ef2a4def34bf823
 F src/vdbevtab.c fc46b9cbd759dc013f0b3724549cc0d71379183c667df3a5988f7e2f1bd485f3
-F src/vtab.c 5fb499d20494b7eecaadb7584634af9afcb374cb0524912b475fcb1712458a1b
+F src/vtab.c 316cd48e9320660db3047cd306cd056e4361180cebb4d0f10a39244e10c11422
 F src/vxworks.h d2988f4e5a61a4dfe82c6524dd3d6e4f2ce3cdb9
 F src/wal.c ef68130ba330ee18c1cb22da36a881c82e3a3b109badbdc6a9b9acaf788a6688
 F src/wal.h ba252daaa94f889f4b2c17c027e823d9be47ce39da1d3799886bbd51f0490452
 F src/walker.c d5006d6b005e4ea7302ad390957a8d41ed83faa177e412f89bc5600a7462a014
-F src/where.c 7fb55836eb7fd07f0a0d8400c50619fc02cda1f46a617cfb003c2990f040193d
+F src/where.c 461d41017d900d4248a268df96d2d30506c4dcc2257f4167c4f46072003ce2cf
 F src/whereInt.h a5d079c346a658b7a6e9e47bb943d021e02fa1e6aed3b964ca112112a4892192
 F src/wherecode.c 5172d647798134e7c92536ddffe7e530c393d79b5dedd648b88faf2646c65baf
 F src/whereexpr.c 44f41ae554c7572e1de1485b3169b233ee04d464b2ee5881687ede3bf07cacfa
@@ -1287,7 +1289,7 @@ F test/genesis.tcl 1e2e2e8e5cc4058549a154ff1892fe5c9de19f98
 F test/having.test a89236dd8d55aa50c4805f82ac9daf64d477a44d712d8209c118978d0ca21ec9
 F test/hexlit.test 4a6a5f46e3c65c4bf1fa06f5dd5a9507a5627751
 F test/hidden.test 23c1393a79e846d68fd902d72c85d5e5dcf98711
-F test/hook.test 18cae9140fa7f9a6f346e892a3fe3e31b2ca0be1494cd01b918adb74281016a6
+F test/hook.test 3481a68009fe143e3363fca922f6fc7a1e1f3776c51e42777f1a01b26ad2a9c8
 F test/hook2.test b9ff3b8c6519fb67f33192f1afe86e7782ee4ac8
 F test/icu.test 8da7d52cd9722c82f33b0466ed915460cb03c23a38f18a9a2d3ff97da9a4a8c0
 F test/ieee754.test b0945d12be7d255f3dfa18e2511b17ca37e0edd2b803231c52d05b86c04ab26e
@@ -1627,7 +1629,7 @@ F test/sharedA.test 64bdd21216dda2c6a3bd3475348ccdc108160f34682c97f2f51c19fc0e21
 F test/sharedB.test 1a84863d7a2204e0d42f2e1606577c5e92e4473fa37ea0f5bdf829e4bf8ee707
 F test/shared_err.test 32634e404a3317eeb94abc7a099c556a346fdb8fb3858dbe222a4cbb8926a939
 F test/sharedlock.test 5ede3c37439067c43b0198f580fd374ebf15d304
-F test/shell1.test 490bf9d0c7c9564fea318c46d49369f4690b825b584c9a544dbdccf61bc0babc
+F test/shell1.test b02d628494fa284cdb2b7b2fecdadea96913796afd623f340a79d68f055dcb7e
 F test/shell2.test 01a01f76ed98088ce598794fbf5b359e148271541a8ddbf79d21cc353cc67a24
 F test/shell3.test db1953a8e59d08e9240b7cc5948878e184f7eb2623591587f8fd1f1a5bd536d8
 F test/shell4.test 522fdc628c55eff697b061504fb0a9e4e6dfc5d9087a633ab0f3dd11bcc4f807
@@ -2165,7 +2167,7 @@ F tool/showshm.c a0ab6ec32dd1f11218ca2a4018f8fb875b59414801ab8ceed8b2e69b7b45a80
 F tool/showstat4.c 0682ebea7abf4d3657f53c4a243f2e7eab48eab344ed36a94bb75dcd19a5c2a1
 F tool/showwal.c 11eca547980a066b081f512636151233350ac679f29ecf4ebfce7f4530230b3d
 F tool/soak1.tcl 8d407956e1a45b485a8e072470a3e629a27037fe
-F tool/spaceanal.tcl 3568b2b15b83dcaf789e787a4db0980da81eb6fa0e1e00783e4a927fdf584550
+F tool/spaceanal.tcl 1f83962090a6b60e1d7bf92495d643e622bef9fe82ea3f2d22350dcbce9a12d0
 F tool/speed-check.sh e8d20cc2eb9c85ec1ba562226de144435456dcdff4ee618de49603c6958f6116
 F tool/speedtest.tcl 06c76698485ccf597b9e7dbb1ac70706eb873355
 F tool/speedtest16.c ecb6542862151c3e6509bbc00509b234562ae81e
@@ -2174,8 +2176,9 @@ F tool/speedtest8.c 2902c46588c40b55661e471d7a86e4dd71a18224
 F tool/speedtest8inst1.c 7ce07da76b5e745783e703a834417d725b7d45fd
 F tool/spellsift.tcl 52b4b04dc4333c7ab024f09d9d66ed6b6f7c6eb00b38497a09f338fa55d40618 x
 F tool/split-sqlite3c.tcl 5aa60643afca558bc732b1444ae81a522326f91e1dc5665b369c54f09e20de60
-F tool/sqldiff.c 847fc8fcfddf5ce4797b7394cad6372f2f5dc17d8186e2ef8fb44d50fae4f44a
-F tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in 8da2b08f56eeac331a715036cf707cc20f879f231362be0c22efd682e2b89b4f
+F tool/sqldiff.c 2a0987d183027c795ced13d6749061c1d2f38e24eddb428f56fa64c3a8f51e4b
+F tool/sqlite3-rsync.c 187b262035c1159b047dbfa1959c168b87b5a153b63465e8c8bd1b54fabf4460
+F tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in 348ba349bbdc93c9866439f9f935d7284866a2a4e6898bc906ae1204ade56918
 F tool/sqltclsh.c.in 1bcc2e9da58fadf17b0bf6a50e68c1159e602ce057210b655d50bad5aaaef898
 F tool/sqltclsh.tcl 862f4cf1418df5e1315b5db3b5ebe88969e2a784525af5fbf9596592f14ed848
 F tool/src-verify.c 41c586dee84d0b190ad13e0282ed83d4a65ec9fefde9adf4943efdf6558eea7f
@@ -2213,8 +2216,8 @@ F vsixtest/vsixtest.tcl 6195aba1f12a5e10efc2b8c0009532167be5e301abe5b31385638080
 F vsixtest/vsixtest.vcxproj.data 2ed517e100c66dc455b492e1a33350c1b20fbcdc
 F vsixtest/vsixtest.vcxproj.filters 37e51ffedcdb064aad6ff33b6148725226cd608e
 F vsixtest/vsixtest_TemporaryKey.pfx e5b1b036facdb453873e7084e1cae9102ccc67a0
-P 21539e9d0d57fdc762affbce9220d1bb1ca009d9dc751b4ccfe63eecbbe2f575
-R de377aee83cef1249306ac8b9c4a8126
+P cd36d66c88d7282eb0a3ccde5713253f72f5843e451b2693b71adfdae28b41fb 27ef1909bb0c4d9470c6074b40500632c68341127a079a3eb3b6a19dbfb2aeac
+R af6ff70b1f29deaae408cb2f001619bf
 U dan
-Z cfbbba283553b2d6b64e253eb6c401a0
+Z 395c4e3ba81ec86081df96a010608d77
 # Remove this line to create a well-formed Fossil manifest.
diff --git a/manifest.uuid b/manifest.uuid
index 28116b337f..9188350703 100644
--- a/manifest.uuid
+++ b/manifest.uuid
@@ -1 +1 @@
-cd36d66c88d7282eb0a3ccde5713253f72f5843e451b2693b71adfdae28b41fb
+4a26a4e0015bc42b1d007def3750caf7baefe429270a295cc2f4499c98c07247
diff --git a/src/dbpage.c b/src/dbpage.c
index 9740b418a3..42b24f9b8d 100644
--- a/src/dbpage.c
+++ b/src/dbpage.c
@@ -28,7 +28,13 @@
 **
 ** The data field of sqlite_dbpage table can be updated.  The new
 ** value must be a BLOB which is the correct page size, otherwise the
-** update fails.  Rows may not be deleted or inserted.
+** update fails.  INSERT operations also work, and operate as if they
+** where REPLACE.  The size of the database can be extended by INSERT-ing
+** new pages on the end.
+**
+** Rows may not be deleted.  However, doing an INSERT to page number N
+** with NULL page data causes the N-th page and all subsequent pages to be
+** deleted and the database to be truncated.
 */
 
 #include "sqliteInt.h"   /* Requires access to internal data structures */
@@ -51,6 +57,8 @@ struct DbpageCursor {
 struct DbpageTable {
   sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class.  Must be first */
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* The database */
+  int nTrunc;                     /* Entries in aTrunc[] */
+  Pgno *aTrunc;                   /* Truncation size for each database */
 };
 
 /* Columns */
@@ -59,7 +67,6 @@ struct DbpageTable {
 #define DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA  2
 
 
-
 /*
 ** Connect to or create a dbpagevfs virtual table.
 */
@@ -100,6 +107,8 @@ static int dbpageConnect(
 ** Disconnect from or destroy a dbpagevfs virtual table.
 */
 static int dbpageDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+  sqlite3_free(pTab->aTrunc);
   sqlite3_free(pVtab);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -325,6 +334,7 @@ static int dbpageUpdate(
   Btree *pBt;
   Pager *pPager;
   int szPage;
+  int isInsert;
 
   (void)pRowid;
   if( pTab->db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive ){
@@ -337,18 +347,20 @@ static int dbpageUpdate(
   }
   if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ){
     pgno = (Pgno)sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
+    isInsert = 1;
   }else{
     pgno = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
     if( (Pgno)sqlite3_value_int(argv[1])!=pgno ){
       zErr = "cannot insert";
       goto update_fail;
     }
+    isInsert = 0;
   }
   if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[4])==SQLITE_NULL ){
     iDb = 0;
   }else{
     const char *zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[4]);
-    iDb = zSchema ? sqlite3FindDbName(pTab->db, zSchema) : -1;
+    iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(pTab->db, zSchema);
     if( iDb<0 ){
       zErr = "no such schema";
       goto update_fail;
@@ -363,18 +375,31 @@ static int dbpageUpdate(
   if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
    || sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[3])!=szPage
   ){
-    zErr = "bad page value";
-    goto update_fail;
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])==SQLITE_NULL && isInsert ){
+      if( iDb>=pTab->nTrunc ){
+        testcase( pTab->aTrunc!=0 );
+        pTab->aTrunc = sqlite3_realloc(pTab->aTrunc, (iDb+1)*sizeof(Pgno));
+        if( pTab->aTrunc ){
+          int j;
+          for(j=pTab->nTrunc; j<iDb; j++) pTab->aTrunc[j] = 0;
+          pTab->nTrunc = iDb+1;
+        }else{
+          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        }
+      }
+      pTab->aTrunc[iDb] = pgno;
+    }else{
+      zErr = "bad page value";
+      goto update_fail;
+    }
   }
   pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
   rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, 0);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     const void *pData = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[3]);
-    assert( pData!=0 || pTab->db->mallocFailed );
-    if( pData
-     && (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage))==SQLITE_OK
-    ){
-      memcpy(sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage), pData, szPage);
+    if( (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage))==SQLITE_OK && pData ){
+      unsigned char *aPage = sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
+      memcpy(aPage, pData, szPage);
     }
   }
   sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
@@ -398,6 +423,26 @@ static int dbpageBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
     if( pBt ) (void)sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 1, 0);
   }
+  if( pTab->nTrunc>0 ){
+    memset(pTab->aTrunc, 0, sizeof(pTab->aTrunc[0])*pTab->nTrunc);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Invoke sqlite3PagerTruncate() as necessary, just prior to COMMIT
+*/
+static int dbpageSync(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  int iDb;
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+
+  for(iDb=0; iDb<pTab->nTrunc; iDb++){
+    if( pTab->aTrunc[iDb]>0 ){
+      Btree *pBt = pTab->db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
+      Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
+      sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pPager, pTab->aTrunc[iDb]);
+      pTab->aTrunc[iDb] = 0;
+    }
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -422,7 +467,7 @@ int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){
     dbpageRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
     dbpageUpdate,                 /* xUpdate */
     dbpageBegin,                  /* xBegin */
-    0,                            /* xSync */
+    dbpageSync,                   /* xSync */
     0,                            /* xCommit */
     0,                            /* xRollback */
     0,                            /* xFindMethod */
diff --git a/src/delete.c b/src/delete.c
index 4cdb3946e3..8fac7c2f32 100644
--- a/src/delete.c
+++ b/src/delete.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ void sqlite3CodeChangeCount(Vdbe *v, int regCounter, const char *zColName){
 **      is for a top-level SQL statement.
 */
 static int vtabIsReadOnly(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
+  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
   if( sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pMod->pModule->xUpdate==0 ){
     return 1;
   }
diff --git a/src/main.c b/src/main.c
index ac08eea04f..6ab09c5560 100644
--- a/src/main.c
+++ b/src/main.c
@@ -3482,6 +3482,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
   if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-18321-05872 */
   }else{
+    if( zFilename==0 ) zFilename = ":memory:";
     rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
   }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
diff --git a/src/os_unix.c b/src/os_unix.c
index 5d1dc9ac6b..92ad9d8607 100644
--- a/src/os_unix.c
+++ b/src/os_unix.c
@@ -4159,7 +4159,7 @@ static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFd){
 static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFile){
   if( pFile->sectorSize == 0 ){
     struct statvfs fsInfo;
-     
+
     /* Set defaults for non-supported filesystems */
     pFile->sectorSize = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
     pFile->deviceCharacteristics = 0;
@@ -4199,7 +4199,7 @@ static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFile){
       pFile->sectorSize = fsInfo.f_bsize;
       pFile->deviceCharacteristics =
         /* full bitset of atomics from max sector size and smaller */
-        ((pFile->sectorSize / 512 * SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512) << 1) - 2 |
+        (((pFile->sectorSize / 512 * SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512) << 1) - 2) |
         SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL |     /* The ram filesystem has no write behind
                                       ** so it is ordered */
         0;
@@ -4207,7 +4207,7 @@ static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFile){
       pFile->sectorSize = fsInfo.f_bsize;
       pFile->deviceCharacteristics =
         /* full bitset of atomics from max sector size and smaller */
-        ((pFile->sectorSize / 512 * SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512) << 1) - 2 |
+        (((pFile->sectorSize / 512 * SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512) << 1) - 2) |
         SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL |     /* The ram filesystem has no write behind
                                       ** so it is ordered */
         0;
diff --git a/src/prepare.c b/src/prepare.c
index df9c98f743..7aa1e1a022 100644
--- a/src/prepare.c
+++ b/src/prepare.c
@@ -1007,12 +1007,24 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare16(
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db)||zSql==0 ){
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
+
+  /* Make sure nBytes is non-negative and correct.  It should be the
+  ** number of bytes until the end of the input buffer or until the first
+  ** U+0000 character.  If the input nBytes is odd, convert it into
+  ** an even number.  If the input nBytes is negative, then the input
+  ** must be terminated by at least one U+0000 character */
   if( nBytes>=0 ){
     int sz;
     const char *z = (const char*)zSql;
     for(sz=0; sz<nBytes && (z[sz]!=0 || z[sz+1]!=0); sz += 2){}
     nBytes = sz;
+  }else{
+    int sz;
+    const char *z = (const char*)zSql;
+    for(sz=0; z[sz]!=0 || z[sz+1]!=0; sz += 2){}
+    nBytes = sz;
   }
+
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
   if( zSql8 ){
@@ -1026,7 +1038,7 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare16(
     ** the same number of characters into the UTF-16 string.
     */
     int chars_parsed = sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zSql8, (int)(zTail8-zSql8));
-    *pzTail = (u8 *)zSql + sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(zSql, chars_parsed);
+    *pzTail = (u8 *)zSql + sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(zSql, nBytes, chars_parsed);
   }
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql8); 
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
diff --git a/src/resolve.c b/src/resolve.c
index b755cc8646..8e8da66910 100644
--- a/src/resolve.c
+++ b/src/resolve.c
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ static int lookupName(
           */
           if( cntTab==0
            || (cntTab==1
-               && ALWAYS(pMatch!=0)
+               && pMatch!=0
                && ALWAYS(pMatch->pSTab!=0)
                && (pMatch->pSTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0
                && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0)
@@ -1119,8 +1119,8 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     /* Resolve function names
     */
     case TK_FUNCTION: {
-      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;    /* The argument list */
-      int n = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;    /* Number of arguments */
+      ExprList *pList;            /* The argument list */
+      int n;                      /* Number of arguments */
       int no_such_func = 0;       /* True if no such function exists */
       int wrong_num_args = 0;     /* True if wrong number of arguments */
       int is_agg = 0;             /* True if is an aggregate function */
@@ -1133,6 +1133,8 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 #endif
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_IntValue) );
       assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 || pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+      pList = pExpr->x.pList;
+      n = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
       zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
       pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, n, enc, 0);
       if( pDef==0 ){
diff --git a/src/shell.c.in b/src/shell.c.in
index 9bc6c2566f..56f63fb190 100644
--- a/src/shell.c.in
+++ b/src/shell.c.in
@@ -192,8 +192,6 @@ typedef unsigned char u8;
 #  ifndef strdup
 #   define strdup _strdup
 #  endif
-#  undef popen
-#  define popen _popen
 #  undef pclose
 #  define pclose _pclose
 # endif
@@ -237,6 +235,9 @@ extern char *sqlite3_win32_unicode_to_utf8(LPCWSTR);
 extern LPWSTR sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(const char *zText);
 #endif
 
+INCLUDE ../ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h
+INCLUDE ../ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c
+
 /* Use console I/O package as a direct INCLUDE. */
 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL_LINKAGE static
 
@@ -248,57 +249,9 @@ extern LPWSTR sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(const char *zText);
 # define SQLITE_CIO_NO_SETMODE
 # define SQLITE_CIO_NO_FLUSH
 #endif
-INCLUDE ../ext/consio/console_io.h
-INCLUDE ../ext/consio/console_io.c
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
-
-/* From here onward, fgets() is redirected to the console_io library. */
-# define fgets(b,n,f) fGetsUtf8(b,n,f)
-/*
- * Define macros for emitting output text in various ways:
- *  sputz(s, z)      => emit 0-terminated string z to given stream s
- *  sputf(s, f, ...) => emit varargs per format f to given stream s
- *  oputz(z)         => emit 0-terminated string z to default stream
- *  oputf(f, ...)    => emit varargs per format f to default stream
- *  eputz(z)         => emit 0-terminated string z to error stream
- *  eputf(f, ...)    => emit varargs per format f to error stream
- *  oputb(b, n)      => emit char buffer b[0..n-1] to default stream
- *
- * Note that the default stream is whatever has been last set via:
- *   setOutputStream(FILE *pf)
- * This is normally the stream that CLI normal output goes to.
- * For the stand-alone CLI, it is stdout with no .output redirect.
- *
- * The ?putz(z) forms are required for the Fiddle builds for string literal
- * output, in aid of enforcing format string to argument correspondence.
- */
-# define sputz(s,z) fPutsUtf8(z,s)
-# define sputf fPrintfUtf8
-# define oputz(z) oPutsUtf8(z)
-# define oputf oPrintfUtf8
-# define eputz(z) ePutsUtf8(z)
-# define eputf ePrintfUtf8
-# define oputb(buf,na) oPutbUtf8(buf,na)
-# define fflush(s) fFlushBuffer(s);
-
-#else
-/* For Fiddle, all console handling and emit redirection is omitted. */
-/* These next 3 macros are for emitting formatted output. When complaints
- * from the WASM build are issued for non-formatted output, when a mere
- * string literal is to be emitted, the ?putz(z) forms should be used.
- * (This permits compile-time checking of format string / argument mismatch.)
- */
-# define oputf(fmt, ...) printf(fmt,__VA_ARGS__)
-# define eputf(fmt, ...) fprintf(stderr,fmt,__VA_ARGS__)
-# define sputf(fp,fmt, ...) fprintf(fp,fmt,__VA_ARGS__)
-/* These next 3 macros are for emitting simple string literals. */
-# define oputz(z) fputs(z,stdout)
-# define eputz(z) fputs(z,stderr)
-# define sputz(fp,z) fputs(z,fp)
-# define oputb(buf,na) fwrite(buf,1,na,stdout)
-# undef fflush
-#endif
+#define eputz(z) sqlite3_fputs(z,stderr)
+#define sputz(fp,z) sqlite3_fputs(z,fp)
 
 /* True if the timer is enabled */
 static int enableTimer = 0;
@@ -344,6 +297,7 @@ struct rusage {
 #define getrusage(A,B) memset(B,0,sizeof(*B))
 #endif
 
+
 /* Saved resource information for the beginning of an operation */
 static struct rusage sBegin;  /* CPU time at start */
 static sqlite3_int64 iBegin;  /* Wall-clock time at start */
@@ -367,12 +321,12 @@ static double timeDiff(struct timeval *pStart, struct timeval *pEnd){
 /*
 ** Print the timing results.
 */
-static void endTimer(void){
+static void endTimer(FILE *out){
   if( enableTimer ){
     sqlite3_int64 iEnd = timeOfDay();
     struct rusage sEnd;
     getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &sEnd);
-    sputf(stdout, "Run Time: real %.3f user %f sys %f\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "Run Time: real %.3f user %f sys %f\n",
           (iEnd - iBegin)*0.001,
           timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_utime, &sEnd.ru_utime),
           timeDiff(&sBegin.ru_stime, &sEnd.ru_stime));
@@ -380,7 +334,7 @@ static void endTimer(void){
 }
 
 #define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
-#define END_TIMER endTimer()
+#define END_TIMER(X) endTimer(X)
 #define HAS_TIMER 1
 
 #elif (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32))
@@ -446,12 +400,12 @@ static double timeDiff(FILETIME *pStart, FILETIME *pEnd){
 /*
 ** Print the timing results.
 */
-static void endTimer(void){
+static void endTimer(FILE *out){
   if( enableTimer && getProcessTimesAddr){
     FILETIME ftCreation, ftExit, ftKernelEnd, ftUserEnd;
     sqlite3_int64 ftWallEnd = timeOfDay();
     getProcessTimesAddr(hProcess,&ftCreation,&ftExit,&ftKernelEnd,&ftUserEnd);
-    sputf(stdout, "Run Time: real %.3f user %f sys %f\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "Run Time: real %.3f user %f sys %f\n",
           (ftWallEnd - ftWallBegin)*0.001,
           timeDiff(&ftUserBegin, &ftUserEnd),
           timeDiff(&ftKernelBegin, &ftKernelEnd));
@@ -459,12 +413,12 @@ static void endTimer(void){
 }
 
 #define BEGIN_TIMER beginTimer()
-#define END_TIMER endTimer()
+#define END_TIMER(X) endTimer(X)
 #define HAS_TIMER hasTimer()
 
 #else
 #define BEGIN_TIMER
-#define END_TIMER
+#define END_TIMER(X)  /*no-op*/
 #define HAS_TIMER 0
 #endif
 
@@ -665,37 +619,215 @@ static void SQLITE_CDECL iotracePrintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  sputf(iotrace, "%s", z);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(iotrace, "%s", z);
   sqlite3_free(z);
 }
 #endif
 
+/* Lookup table to estimate the number of columns consumed by a Unicode
+** character.
+*/
+static const struct {
+  unsigned char w;    /* Width of the character in columns */
+  int iFirst;         /* First character in a span having this width */
+} aUWidth[] = {
+   /* {0, 0x00000},  {1, 0x00020},  {0, 0x0007f},  {1, 0x000a0}, */
+  {0, 0x00300},  {1, 0x00370},  {0, 0x00483},  {1, 0x00487},  {0, 0x00488},
+  {1, 0x0048a},  {0, 0x00591},  {1, 0x005be},  {0, 0x005bf},  {1, 0x005c0},
+  {0, 0x005c1},  {1, 0x005c3},  {0, 0x005c4},  {1, 0x005c6},  {0, 0x005c7},
+  {1, 0x005c8},  {0, 0x00600},  {1, 0x00604},  {0, 0x00610},  {1, 0x00616},
+  {0, 0x0064b},  {1, 0x0065f},  {0, 0x00670},  {1, 0x00671},  {0, 0x006d6},
+  {1, 0x006e5},  {0, 0x006e7},  {1, 0x006e9},  {0, 0x006ea},  {1, 0x006ee},
+  {0, 0x0070f},  {1, 0x00710},  {0, 0x00711},  {1, 0x00712},  {0, 0x00730},
+  {1, 0x0074b},  {0, 0x007a6},  {1, 0x007b1},  {0, 0x007eb},  {1, 0x007f4},
+  {0, 0x00901},  {1, 0x00903},  {0, 0x0093c},  {1, 0x0093d},  {0, 0x00941},
+  {1, 0x00949},  {0, 0x0094d},  {1, 0x0094e},  {0, 0x00951},  {1, 0x00955},
+  {0, 0x00962},  {1, 0x00964},  {0, 0x00981},  {1, 0x00982},  {0, 0x009bc},
+  {1, 0x009bd},  {0, 0x009c1},  {1, 0x009c5},  {0, 0x009cd},  {1, 0x009ce},
+  {0, 0x009e2},  {1, 0x009e4},  {0, 0x00a01},  {1, 0x00a03},  {0, 0x00a3c},
+  {1, 0x00a3d},  {0, 0x00a41},  {1, 0x00a43},  {0, 0x00a47},  {1, 0x00a49},
+  {0, 0x00a4b},  {1, 0x00a4e},  {0, 0x00a70},  {1, 0x00a72},  {0, 0x00a81},
+  {1, 0x00a83},  {0, 0x00abc},  {1, 0x00abd},  {0, 0x00ac1},  {1, 0x00ac6},
+  {0, 0x00ac7},  {1, 0x00ac9},  {0, 0x00acd},  {1, 0x00ace},  {0, 0x00ae2},
+  {1, 0x00ae4},  {0, 0x00b01},  {1, 0x00b02},  {0, 0x00b3c},  {1, 0x00b3d},
+  {0, 0x00b3f},  {1, 0x00b40},  {0, 0x00b41},  {1, 0x00b44},  {0, 0x00b4d},
+  {1, 0x00b4e},  {0, 0x00b56},  {1, 0x00b57},  {0, 0x00b82},  {1, 0x00b83},
+  {0, 0x00bc0},  {1, 0x00bc1},  {0, 0x00bcd},  {1, 0x00bce},  {0, 0x00c3e},
+  {1, 0x00c41},  {0, 0x00c46},  {1, 0x00c49},  {0, 0x00c4a},  {1, 0x00c4e},
+  {0, 0x00c55},  {1, 0x00c57},  {0, 0x00cbc},  {1, 0x00cbd},  {0, 0x00cbf},
+  {1, 0x00cc0},  {0, 0x00cc6},  {1, 0x00cc7},  {0, 0x00ccc},  {1, 0x00cce},
+  {0, 0x00ce2},  {1, 0x00ce4},  {0, 0x00d41},  {1, 0x00d44},  {0, 0x00d4d},
+  {1, 0x00d4e},  {0, 0x00dca},  {1, 0x00dcb},  {0, 0x00dd2},  {1, 0x00dd5},
+  {0, 0x00dd6},  {1, 0x00dd7},  {0, 0x00e31},  {1, 0x00e32},  {0, 0x00e34},
+  {1, 0x00e3b},  {0, 0x00e47},  {1, 0x00e4f},  {0, 0x00eb1},  {1, 0x00eb2},
+  {0, 0x00eb4},  {1, 0x00eba},  {0, 0x00ebb},  {1, 0x00ebd},  {0, 0x00ec8},
+  {1, 0x00ece},  {0, 0x00f18},  {1, 0x00f1a},  {0, 0x00f35},  {1, 0x00f36},
+  {0, 0x00f37},  {1, 0x00f38},  {0, 0x00f39},  {1, 0x00f3a},  {0, 0x00f71},
+  {1, 0x00f7f},  {0, 0x00f80},  {1, 0x00f85},  {0, 0x00f86},  {1, 0x00f88},
+  {0, 0x00f90},  {1, 0x00f98},  {0, 0x00f99},  {1, 0x00fbd},  {0, 0x00fc6},
+  {1, 0x00fc7},  {0, 0x0102d},  {1, 0x01031},  {0, 0x01032},  {1, 0x01033},
+  {0, 0x01036},  {1, 0x01038},  {0, 0x01039},  {1, 0x0103a},  {0, 0x01058},
+  {1, 0x0105a},  {2, 0x01100},  {0, 0x01160},  {1, 0x01200},  {0, 0x0135f},
+  {1, 0x01360},  {0, 0x01712},  {1, 0x01715},  {0, 0x01732},  {1, 0x01735},
+  {0, 0x01752},  {1, 0x01754},  {0, 0x01772},  {1, 0x01774},  {0, 0x017b4},
+  {1, 0x017b6},  {0, 0x017b7},  {1, 0x017be},  {0, 0x017c6},  {1, 0x017c7},
+  {0, 0x017c9},  {1, 0x017d4},  {0, 0x017dd},  {1, 0x017de},  {0, 0x0180b},
+  {1, 0x0180e},  {0, 0x018a9},  {1, 0x018aa},  {0, 0x01920},  {1, 0x01923},
+  {0, 0x01927},  {1, 0x01929},  {0, 0x01932},  {1, 0x01933},  {0, 0x01939},
+  {1, 0x0193c},  {0, 0x01a17},  {1, 0x01a19},  {0, 0x01b00},  {1, 0x01b04},
+  {0, 0x01b34},  {1, 0x01b35},  {0, 0x01b36},  {1, 0x01b3b},  {0, 0x01b3c},
+  {1, 0x01b3d},  {0, 0x01b42},  {1, 0x01b43},  {0, 0x01b6b},  {1, 0x01b74},
+  {0, 0x01dc0},  {1, 0x01dcb},  {0, 0x01dfe},  {1, 0x01e00},  {0, 0x0200b},
+  {1, 0x02010},  {0, 0x0202a},  {1, 0x0202f},  {0, 0x02060},  {1, 0x02064},
+  {0, 0x0206a},  {1, 0x02070},  {0, 0x020d0},  {1, 0x020f0},  {2, 0x02329},
+  {1, 0x0232b},  {2, 0x02e80},  {0, 0x0302a},  {2, 0x03030},  {1, 0x0303f},
+  {2, 0x03040},  {0, 0x03099},  {2, 0x0309b},  {1, 0x0a4d0},  {0, 0x0a806},
+  {1, 0x0a807},  {0, 0x0a80b},  {1, 0x0a80c},  {0, 0x0a825},  {1, 0x0a827},
+  {2, 0x0ac00},  {1, 0x0d7a4},  {2, 0x0f900},  {1, 0x0fb00},  {0, 0x0fb1e},
+  {1, 0x0fb1f},  {0, 0x0fe00},  {2, 0x0fe10},  {1, 0x0fe1a},  {0, 0x0fe20},
+  {1, 0x0fe24},  {2, 0x0fe30},  {1, 0x0fe70},  {0, 0x0feff},  {2, 0x0ff00},
+  {1, 0x0ff61},  {2, 0x0ffe0},  {1, 0x0ffe7},  {0, 0x0fff9},  {1, 0x0fffc},
+  {0, 0x10a01},  {1, 0x10a04},  {0, 0x10a05},  {1, 0x10a07},  {0, 0x10a0c},
+  {1, 0x10a10},  {0, 0x10a38},  {1, 0x10a3b},  {0, 0x10a3f},  {1, 0x10a40},
+  {0, 0x1d167},  {1, 0x1d16a},  {0, 0x1d173},  {1, 0x1d183},  {0, 0x1d185},
+  {1, 0x1d18c},  {0, 0x1d1aa},  {1, 0x1d1ae},  {0, 0x1d242},  {1, 0x1d245},
+  {2, 0x20000},  {1, 0x2fffe},  {2, 0x30000},  {1, 0x3fffe},  {0, 0xe0001},
+  {1, 0xe0002},  {0, 0xe0020},  {1, 0xe0080},  {0, 0xe0100},  {1, 0xe01f0}
+};
+
 /*
-** Output string zUtf to Out stream as w characters.  If w is negative,
+** Return an estimate of the width, in columns, for the single Unicode
+** character c.  For normal characters, the answer is always 1.  But the
+** estimate might be 0 or 2 for zero-width and double-width characters.
+**
+** Different display devices display unicode using different widths.  So
+** it is impossible to know that true display width with 100% accuracy.
+** Inaccuracies in the width estimates might cause columns to be misaligned.
+** Unfortunately, there is nothing we can do about that.
+*/
+int cli_wcwidth(int c){
+  int iFirst, iLast;
+
+  /* Fast path for common characters */
+  if( c<0x20 ) return 0;
+  if( c<0x7f ) return 1;
+  if( c<0xa0 ) return 0;
+  if( c<=0x300 ) return 1;
+
+  /* The general case */
+  iFirst = 0;
+  iLast = sizeof(aUWidth)/sizeof(aUWidth[0]) - 1;
+  while( iFirst<iLast-1 ){
+    int iMid = (iFirst+iLast)/2;
+    int cMid = aUWidth[iMid].iFirst;
+    if( cMid < c ){
+      iFirst = iMid;
+    }else if( cMid > c ){
+      iLast = iMid - 1;
+    }else{
+      return aUWidth[iMid].w;
+    }
+  }
+  if( aUWidth[iLast].iFirst > c ) return aUWidth[iFirst].w;
+  return aUWidth[iLast].w;
+}
+
+/*
+** Compute the value and length of a multi-byte UTF-8 character that
+** begins at z[0].   Return the length.  Write the Unicode value into *pU.
+**
+** This routine only works for *multi-byte* UTF-8 characters.
+*/
+static int decodeUtf8(const unsigned char *z, int *pU){
+  if( (z[0] & 0xe0)==0xc0 && (z[1] & 0xc0)==0x80 ){
+    *pU = ((z[0] & 0x1f)<<6) | (z[1] & 0x3f);
+    return 2;
+  }
+  if( (z[0] & 0xf0)==0xe0 && (z[1] & 0xc0)==0x80 && (z[2] & 0xc0)==0x80 ){
+    *pU = ((z[0] & 0x0f)<<12) | ((z[1] & 0x3f)<<6) | (z[2] & 0x3f);
+    return 3;
+  }
+  if( (z[0] & 0xf8)==0xf0 && (z[1] & 0xc0)==0x80 && (z[2] & 0xc0)==0x80
+   && (z[3] & 0xc0)==0x80
+  ){
+    *pU = ((z[0] & 0x0f)<<18) | ((z[1] & 0x3f)<<12) | ((z[2] & 0x3f))<<6
+                              | (z[4] & 0x3f);
+    return 4;
+  }
+  *pU = 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+#if 0 /* NOT USED */
+/*
+** Return the width, in display columns, of a UTF-8 string.
+**
+** Each normal character counts as 1.  Zero-width characters count
+** as zero, and double-width characters count as 2.
+*/
+int cli_wcswidth(const char *z){
+  const unsigned char *a = (const unsigned char*)z;
+  int n = 0;
+  int i = 0;
+  unsigned char c;
+  while( (c = a[i])!=0 ){
+    if( c>=0xc0 ){
+      int u;
+      int len = decodeUtf8(&a[i], &u);
+      i += len;
+      n += cli_wcwidth(u);
+    }else if( c>=' ' ){
+      n++;
+      i++;
+    }else{
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Output string zUtf to stdout as w characters.  If w is negative,
 ** then right-justify the text.  W is the width in UTF-8 characters, not
 ** in bytes.  This is different from the %*.*s specification in printf
 ** since with %*.*s the width is measured in bytes, not characters.
+**
+** Take into account zero-width and double-width Unicode characters.
+** In other words, a zero-width character does not count toward the
+** the w limit.  A double-width character counts as two.
 */
-static void utf8_width_print(int w, const char *zUtf){
-  int i;
-  int n;
+static void utf8_width_print(FILE *out, int w, const char *zUtf){
+  const unsigned char *a = (const unsigned char*)zUtf;
+  unsigned char c;
+  int i = 0;
+  int n = 0;
   int aw = w<0 ? -w : w;
   if( zUtf==0 ) zUtf = "";
-  for(i=n=0; zUtf[i]; i++){
-    if( (zUtf[i]&0xc0)!=0x80 ){
-      n++;
-      if( n==aw ){
-        do{ i++; }while( (zUtf[i]&0xc0)==0x80 );
+  while( (c = a[i])!=0 ){
+    if( (c&0xc0)==0xc0 ){
+      int u;
+      int len = decodeUtf8(a+i, &u);
+      int x = cli_wcwidth(u);
+      if( x+n>aw ){
         break;
       }
+      i += len;
+      n += x;
+    }else if( n>=aw ){
+      break;
+    }else{
+      n++;
+      i++;
     }
   }
   if( n>=aw ){
-    oputf("%.*s", i, zUtf);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", i, zUtf);
   }else if( w<0 ){
-    oputf("%*s%s", aw-n, "", zUtf);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%*s%s", aw-n, "", zUtf);
   }else{
-    oputf("%s%*s", zUtf, aw-n, "");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s%*s", zUtf, aw-n, "");
   }
 }
 
@@ -761,7 +893,7 @@ static FILE * openChrSource(const char *zFile){
   /* On Windows, open first, then check the stream nature. This order
   ** is necessary because _stat() and sibs, when checking a named pipe,
   ** effectively break the pipe as its supplier sees it. */
-  FILE *rv = fopen(zFile, "rb");
+  FILE *rv = sqlite3_fopen(zFile, "rb");
   if( rv==0 ) return 0;
   if( _fstat64(_fileno(rv), &x) != 0
       || !STAT_CHR_SRC(x.st_mode)){
@@ -775,7 +907,7 @@ static FILE * openChrSource(const char *zFile){
 # define STAT_CHR_SRC(mode) (S_ISREG(mode)||S_ISFIFO(mode)||S_ISCHR(mode))
   if( rc!=0 ) return 0;
   if( STAT_CHR_SRC(x.st_mode) ){
-    return fopen(zFile, "rb");
+    return sqlite3_fopen(zFile, "rb");
   }else{
     return 0;
   }
@@ -802,7 +934,7 @@ static char *local_getline(char *zLine, FILE *in){
       zLine = realloc(zLine, nLine);
       shell_check_oom(zLine);
     }
-    if( fgets(&zLine[n], nLine - n, in)==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3_fgets(&zLine[n], nLine - n, in)==0 ){
       if( n==0 ){
         free(zLine);
         return 0;
@@ -1209,6 +1341,7 @@ INCLUDE test_windirent.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/memtrace.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/pcachetrace.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/shathree.c
+INCLUDE ../ext/misc/sha1.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/uint.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/decimal.c
 INCLUDE ../ext/misc/percentile.c
@@ -1463,6 +1596,7 @@ static ShellState shellState;
 #define MODE_Count   17  /* Output only a count of the rows of output */
 #define MODE_Off     18  /* No query output shown */
 #define MODE_ScanExp 19  /* Like MODE_Explain, but for ".scanstats vm" */
+#define MODE_Www     20  /* Full web-page output */
 
 static const char *modeDescr[] = {
   "line",
@@ -1483,7 +1617,9 @@ static const char *modeDescr[] = {
   "table",
   "box",
   "count",
-  "off"
+  "off",
+  "scanexp",
+  "www",
 };
 
 /*
@@ -1495,7 +1631,13 @@ static const char *modeDescr[] = {
 #define SEP_Tab       "\t"
 #define SEP_Space     " "
 #define SEP_Comma     ","
-#define SEP_CrLf      "\r\n"
+#ifdef SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY
+  /* With the SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY option, the output will always be in
+  ** text mode.  The \r will be inserted automatically. */
+# define SEP_CrLf      "\n"
+#else
+# define SEP_CrLf      "\r\n"
+#endif
 #define SEP_Unit      "\x1F"
 #define SEP_Record    "\x1E"
 
@@ -1511,7 +1653,7 @@ static const char *modeDescr[] = {
 static void shellLog(void *pArg, int iErrCode, const char *zMsg){
   ShellState *p = (ShellState*)pArg;
   if( p->pLog==0 ) return;
-  sputf(p->pLog, "(%d) %s\n", iErrCode, zMsg);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->pLog, "(%d) %s\n", iErrCode, zMsg);
   fflush(p->pLog);
 }
 
@@ -1526,9 +1668,9 @@ static void shellPutsFunc(
   int nVal,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
-  /* Unused: (ShellState*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx); */
+  ShellState *p = (ShellState*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
   (void)nVal;
-  oputf("%s\n", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]));
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]));
   sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apVal[0]);
 }
 
@@ -1547,7 +1689,7 @@ static void failIfSafeMode(
     va_start(ap, zErrMsg);
     zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zErrMsg, ap);
     va_end(ap);
-    eputf("line %d: %s\n", p->lineno, zMsg);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s\n", p->lineno, zMsg);
     exit(1);
   }
 }
@@ -1614,7 +1756,7 @@ static void editFunc(
   bBin = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB;
   /* When writing the file to be edited, do \n to \r\n conversions on systems
   ** that want \r\n line endings */
-  f = fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "wb" : "w");
+  f = sqlite3_fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "wb" : "w");
   if( f==0 ){
     sqlite3_result_error(context, "edit() cannot open temp file", -1);
     goto edit_func_end;
@@ -1645,7 +1787,7 @@ static void editFunc(
     sqlite3_result_error(context, "EDITOR returned non-zero", -1);
     goto edit_func_end;
   }
-  f = fopen(zTempFile, "rb");
+  f = sqlite3_fopen(zTempFile, "rb");
   if( f==0 ){
     sqlite3_result_error(context,
       "edit() cannot reopen temp file after edit", -1);
@@ -1715,7 +1857,7 @@ static void outputModePop(ShellState *p){
 /*
 ** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
 */
-static void output_hex_blob(const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
+static void output_hex_blob(FILE *out, const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
   int i;
   unsigned char *aBlob = (unsigned char*)pBlob;
 
@@ -1732,7 +1874,7 @@ static void output_hex_blob(const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
   }
   zStr[i*2] = '\0';
 
-  oputf("X'%s'", zStr);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(out, "X'%s'", zStr);
   sqlite3_free(zStr);
 }
 
@@ -1762,28 +1904,25 @@ static const char *unused_string(
 **
 ** See also: output_quoted_escaped_string()
 */
-static void output_quoted_string(const char *z){
+static void output_quoted_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
   int i;
   char c;
-#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
-  FILE *pfO = setOutputStream(invalidFileStream);
-  setBinaryMode(pfO, 1);
-#endif
+  sqlite3_fsetmode(out, _O_BINARY);
   if( z==0 ) return;
   for(i=0; (c = z[i])!=0 && c!='\''; i++){}
   if( c==0 ){
-    oputf("'%s'",z);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'%s'",z);
   }else{
-    oputz("'");
+    sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
     while( *z ){
       for(i=0; (c = z[i])!=0 && c!='\''; i++){}
       if( c=='\'' ) i++;
       if( i ){
-        oputf("%.*s", i, z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", i, z);
         z += i;
       }
       if( c=='\'' ){
-        oputz("'");
+        sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
         continue;
       }
       if( c==0 ){
@@ -1791,13 +1930,9 @@ static void output_quoted_string(const char *z){
       }
       z++;
     }
-    oputz("'");
+    sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
   }
-#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
-  setTextMode(pfO, 1);
-#else
-  setTextMode(stdout, 1);
-#endif
+  sqlite3_fsetmode(out, _O_TEXT);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1809,16 +1944,13 @@ static void output_quoted_string(const char *z){
 ** This is like output_quoted_string() but with the addition of the \r\n
 ** escape mechanism.
 */
-static void output_quoted_escaped_string(const char *z){
+static void output_quoted_escaped_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
   int i;
   char c;
-#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
-  FILE *pfO = setOutputStream(invalidFileStream);
-  setBinaryMode(pfO, 1);
-#endif
+  sqlite3_fsetmode(out, _O_BINARY);
   for(i=0; (c = z[i])!=0 && c!='\'' && c!='\n' && c!='\r'; i++){}
   if( c==0 ){
-    oputf("'%s'",z);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'%s'",z);
   }else{
     const char *zNL = 0;
     const char *zCR = 0;
@@ -1830,23 +1962,23 @@ static void output_quoted_escaped_string(const char *z){
       if( z[i]=='\r' ) nCR++;
     }
     if( nNL ){
-      oputz("replace(");
+      sqlite3_fputs("replace(", out);
       zNL = unused_string(z, "\\n", "\\012", zBuf1);
     }
     if( nCR ){
-      oputz("replace(");
+      sqlite3_fputs("replace(", out);
       zCR = unused_string(z, "\\r", "\\015", zBuf2);
     }
-    oputz("'");
+    sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
     while( *z ){
       for(i=0; (c = z[i])!=0 && c!='\n' && c!='\r' && c!='\''; i++){}
       if( c=='\'' ) i++;
       if( i ){
-        oputf("%.*s", i, z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", i, z);
         z += i;
       }
       if( c=='\'' ){
-        oputz("'");
+        sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
         continue;
       }
       if( c==0 ){
@@ -1854,24 +1986,20 @@ static void output_quoted_escaped_string(const char *z){
       }
       z++;
       if( c=='\n' ){
-        oputz(zNL);
+        sqlite3_fputs(zNL, out);
         continue;
       }
-      oputz(zCR);
+      sqlite3_fputs(zCR, out);
     }
-    oputz("'");
+    sqlite3_fputs("'", out);
     if( nCR ){
-      oputf(",'%s',char(13))", zCR);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, ",'%s',char(13))", zCR);
     }
     if( nNL ){
-      oputf(",'%s',char(10))", zNL);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, ",'%s',char(10))", zNL);
     }
   }
-#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
-  setTextMode(pfO, 1);
-#else
-  setTextMode(stdout, 1);
-#endif
+  sqlite3_fsetmode(stdout, _O_TEXT);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1891,22 +2019,60 @@ static const char *anyOfInStr(const char *s, const char *zAny, size_t ns){
   }
   return pcFirst;
 }
+
+/* Skip over as much z[] input char sequence as is valid UTF-8,
+** limited per nAccept char's or whole characters and containing
+** no char cn such that ((1<<cn) & ccm)!=0. On return, the
+** sequence z:return (inclusive:exclusive) is validated UTF-8.
+** Limit: nAccept>=0 => char count, nAccept<0 => character
+ */
+const char *zSkipValidUtf8(const char *z, int nAccept, long ccm){
+  int ng = (nAccept<0)? -nAccept : 0;
+  const char *pcLimit = (nAccept>=0)? z+nAccept : 0;
+  assert(z!=0);
+  while( (pcLimit)? (z<pcLimit) : (ng-- != 0) ){
+    char c = *z;
+    if( (c & 0x80) == 0 ){
+      if( ccm != 0L && c < 0x20 && ((1L<<c) & ccm) != 0 ) return z;
+      ++z; /* ASCII */
+    }else if( (c & 0xC0) != 0xC0 ) return z; /* not a lead byte */
+    else{
+      const char *zt = z+1; /* Got lead byte, look at trail bytes.*/
+      do{
+        if( pcLimit && zt >= pcLimit ) return z;
+        else{
+          char ct = *zt++;
+          if( ct==0 || (zt-z)>4 || (ct & 0xC0)!=0x80 ){
+            /* Trailing bytes are too few, too many, or invalid. */
+            return z;
+          }
+        }
+      } while( ((c <<= 1) & 0x40) == 0x40 ); /* Eat lead byte's count. */
+      z = zt;
+    }
+  }
+  return z;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Output the given string as a quoted according to C or TCL quoting rules.
 */
-static void output_c_string(const char *z){
+static void output_c_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
   char c;
   static const char *zq = "\"";
   static long ctrlMask = ~0L;
   static const char *zDQBSRO = "\"\\\x7f"; /* double-quote, backslash, rubout */
   char ace[3] = "\\?";
   char cbsSay;
-  oputz(zq);
+  sqlite3_fputs(zq, out);
   while( *z!=0 ){
     const char *pcDQBSRO = anyOfInStr(z, zDQBSRO, ~(size_t)0);
     const char *pcPast = zSkipValidUtf8(z, INT_MAX, ctrlMask);
     const char *pcEnd = (pcDQBSRO && pcDQBSRO < pcPast)? pcDQBSRO : pcPast;
-    if( pcEnd > z ) oputb(z, (int)(pcEnd-z));
+    if( pcEnd > z ){
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", (int)(pcEnd-z), z);
+    }
     if( (c = *pcEnd)==0 ) break;
     ++pcEnd;
     switch( c ){
@@ -1921,22 +2087,22 @@ static void output_c_string(const char *z){
     }
     if( cbsSay ){
       ace[1] = cbsSay;
-      oputz(ace);
+      sqlite3_fputs(ace, out);
     }else if( !isprint(c&0xff) ){
-      oputf("\\%03o", c&0xff);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "\\%03o", c&0xff);
     }else{
       ace[1] = (char)c;
-      oputz(ace+1);
+      sqlite3_fputs(ace+1, out);
     }
     z = pcEnd;
   }
-  oputz(zq);
+  sqlite3_fputs(zq, out);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Output the given string as a quoted according to JSON quoting rules.
 */
-static void output_json_string(const char *z, i64 n){
+static void output_json_string(FILE *out, const char *z, i64 n){
   char c;
   static const char *zq = "\"";
   static long ctrlMask = ~0L;
@@ -1947,13 +2113,13 @@ static void output_json_string(const char *z, i64 n){
 
   if( z==0 ) z = "";
   pcLimit = z + ((n<0)? strlen(z) : (size_t)n);
-  oputz(zq);
+  sqlite3_fputs(zq, out);
   while( z < pcLimit ){
     const char *pcDQBS = anyOfInStr(z, zDQBS, pcLimit-z);
     const char *pcPast = zSkipValidUtf8(z, (int)(pcLimit-z), ctrlMask);
     const char *pcEnd = (pcDQBS && pcDQBS < pcPast)? pcDQBS : pcPast;
     if( pcEnd > z ){
-      oputb(z, (int)(pcEnd-z));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", (int)(pcEnd-z), z);
       z = pcEnd;
     }
     if( z >= pcLimit ) break;
@@ -1971,22 +2137,22 @@ static void output_json_string(const char *z, i64 n){
     }
     if( cbsSay ){
       ace[1] = cbsSay;
-      oputz(ace);
+      sqlite3_fputs(ace, out);
     }else if( c<=0x1f ){
-      oputf("u%04x", c);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "u%04x", c);
     }else{
       ace[1] = (char)c;
-      oputz(ace+1);
+      sqlite3_fputs(ace+1, out);
     }
   }
-  oputz(zq);
+  sqlite3_fputs(zq, out);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Output the given string with characters that are special to
 ** HTML escaped.
 */
-static void output_html_string(const char *z){
+static void output_html_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
   int i;
   if( z==0 ) z = "";
   while( *z ){
@@ -1998,18 +2164,18 @@ static void output_html_string(const char *z){
             && z[i]!='\'';
         i++){}
     if( i>0 ){
-      oputf("%.*s",i,z);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s",i,z);
     }
     if( z[i]=='<' ){
-      oputz("&lt;");
+      sqlite3_fputs("&lt;", out);
     }else if( z[i]=='&' ){
-      oputz("&amp;");
+      sqlite3_fputs("&amp;", out);
     }else if( z[i]=='>' ){
-      oputz("&gt;");
+      sqlite3_fputs("&gt;", out);
     }else if( z[i]=='\"' ){
-      oputz("&quot;");
+      sqlite3_fputs("&quot;", out);
     }else if( z[i]=='\'' ){
-      oputz("&#39;");
+      sqlite3_fputs("&#39;", out);
     }else{
       break;
     }
@@ -2048,7 +2214,7 @@ static const char needCsvQuote[] = {
 */
 static void output_csv(ShellState *p, const char *z, int bSep){
   if( z==0 ){
-    oputf("%s",p->nullValue);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s",p->nullValue);
   }else{
     unsigned i;
     for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
@@ -2060,14 +2226,14 @@ static void output_csv(ShellState *p, const char *z, int bSep){
     if( i==0 || strstr(z, p->colSeparator)!=0 ){
       char *zQuoted = sqlite3_mprintf("\"%w\"", z);
       shell_check_oom(zQuoted);
-      oputz(zQuoted);
+      sqlite3_fputs(zQuoted, p->out);
       sqlite3_free(zQuoted);
     }else{
-      oputz(z);
+      sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
     }
   }
   if( bSep ){
-    oputz(p->colSeparator);
+    sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2175,16 +2341,16 @@ static int shellAuth(
   az[1] = zA2;
   az[2] = zA3;
   az[3] = zA4;
-  oputf("authorizer: %s", azAction[op]);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "authorizer: %s", azAction[op]);
   for(i=0; i<4; i++){
-    oputz(" ");
+    sqlite3_fputs(" ", p->out);
     if( az[i] ){
-      output_c_string(az[i]);
+      output_c_string(p->out, az[i]);
     }else{
-      oputz("NULL");
+      sqlite3_fputs("NULL", p->out);
     }
   }
-  oputz("\n");
+  sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
   if( p->bSafeMode ) (void)safeModeAuth(pClientData, op, zA1, zA2, zA3, zA4);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -2200,7 +2366,7 @@ static int shellAuth(
 ** sqlite3_complete() returns false, try to terminate the comment before
 ** printing the result.  https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/d7be961c5c
 */
-static void printSchemaLine(const char *z, const char *zTail){
+static void printSchemaLine(FILE *out, const char *z, const char *zTail){
   char *zToFree = 0;
   if( z==0 ) return;
   if( zTail==0 ) return;
@@ -2222,16 +2388,16 @@ static void printSchemaLine(const char *z, const char *zTail){
     }
   }
   if( sqlite3_strglob("CREATE TABLE ['\"]*", z)==0 ){
-    oputf("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s%s", z+13, zTail);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s%s", z+13, zTail);
   }else{
-    oputf("%s%s", z, zTail);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s%s", z, zTail);
   }
   sqlite3_free(zToFree);
 }
-static void printSchemaLineN(char *z, int n, const char *zTail){
+static void printSchemaLineN(FILE *out, char *z, int n, const char *zTail){
   char c = z[n];
   z[n] = 0;
-  printSchemaLine(z, zTail);
+  printSchemaLine(out, z, zTail);
   z[n] = c;
 }
 
@@ -2259,7 +2425,7 @@ static void eqp_append(ShellState *p, int iEqpId, int p2, const char *zText){
   if( zText==0 ) return;
   nText = strlen(zText);
   if( p->autoEQPtest ){
-    oputf("%d,%d,%s\n", iEqpId, p2, zText);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d,%d,%s\n", iEqpId, p2, zText);
   }
   pNew = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pNew) + nText );
   shell_check_oom(pNew);
@@ -2307,7 +2473,8 @@ static void eqp_render_level(ShellState *p, int iEqpId){
   for(pRow = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, 0); pRow; pRow = pNext){
     pNext = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, pRow);
     z = pRow->zText;
-    oputf("%s%s%s\n", p->sGraph.zPrefix, pNext ? "|--" : "`--", z);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s%s%s\n", p->sGraph.zPrefix,
+                            pNext ? "|--" : "`--", z);
     if( n<(i64)sizeof(p->sGraph.zPrefix)-7 ){
       memcpy(&p->sGraph.zPrefix[n], pNext ? "|  " : "   ", 4);
       eqp_render_level(p, pRow->iEqpId);
@@ -2327,13 +2494,13 @@ static void eqp_render(ShellState *p, i64 nCycle){
         eqp_reset(p);
         return;
       }
-      oputf("%s\n", pRow->zText+3);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", pRow->zText+3);
       p->sGraph.pRow = pRow->pNext;
       sqlite3_free(pRow);
     }else if( nCycle>0 ){
-      oputf("QUERY PLAN (cycles=%lld [100%%])\n", nCycle);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "QUERY PLAN (cycles=%lld [100%%])\n", nCycle);
     }else{
-      oputz("QUERY PLAN\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("QUERY PLAN\n", p->out);
     }
     p->sGraph.zPrefix[0] = 0;
     eqp_render_level(p, 0);
@@ -2349,13 +2516,13 @@ static int progress_handler(void *pClientData) {
   ShellState *p = (ShellState*)pClientData;
   p->nProgress++;
   if( p->nProgress>=p->mxProgress && p->mxProgress>0 ){
-    oputf("Progress limit reached (%u)\n", p->nProgress);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Progress limit reached (%u)\n", p->nProgress);
     if( p->flgProgress & SHELL_PROGRESS_RESET ) p->nProgress = 0;
     if( p->flgProgress & SHELL_PROGRESS_ONCE ) p->mxProgress = 0;
     return 1;
   }
   if( (p->flgProgress & SHELL_PROGRESS_QUIET)==0 ){
-    oputf("Progress %u\n", p->nProgress);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Progress %u\n", p->nProgress);
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2364,14 +2531,14 @@ static int progress_handler(void *pClientData) {
 /*
 ** Print N dashes
 */
-static void print_dashes(int N){
+static void print_dashes(FILE *out, int N){
   const char zDash[] = "--------------------------------------------------";
   const int nDash = sizeof(zDash) - 1;
   while( N>nDash ){
-    oputz(zDash);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zDash, out);
     N -= nDash;
   }
-  oputf("%.*s", N, zDash);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", N, zDash);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2384,15 +2551,15 @@ static void print_row_separator(
 ){
   int i;
   if( nArg>0 ){
-    oputz(zSep);
-    print_dashes(p->actualWidth[0]+2);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zSep, p->out);
+    print_dashes(p->out, p->actualWidth[0]+2);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
-      oputz(zSep);
-      print_dashes(p->actualWidth[i]+2);
+      sqlite3_fputs(zSep, p->out);
+      print_dashes(p->out, p->actualWidth[i]+2);
     }
-    oputz(zSep);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zSep, p->out);
   }
-  oputz("\n");
+  sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2422,9 +2589,9 @@ static int shell_callback(
         int len = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
         if( len>w ) w = len;
       }
-      if( p->cnt++>0 ) oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+      if( p->cnt++>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        oputf("%*s = %s%s", w, azCol[i],
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%*s = %s%s", w, azCol[i],
               azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue, p->rowSeparator);
       }
       break;
@@ -2452,12 +2619,12 @@ static int shell_callback(
       /* If this is the first row seen, print out the headers */
       if( p->cnt++==0 ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          utf8_width_print(aWidth[i], azCol[ aMap[i] ]);
-          oputz(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : "  ");
+          utf8_width_print(p->out, aWidth[i], azCol[ aMap[i] ]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : "  ", p->out);
         }
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          print_dashes(aWidth[i]);
-          oputz(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : "  ");
+          print_dashes(p->out, aWidth[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : "  ", p->out);
         }
       }
 
@@ -2475,17 +2642,17 @@ static int shell_callback(
         }
         if( i==iIndent && p->aiIndent && p->pStmt ){
           if( p->iIndent<p->nIndent ){
-            oputf("%*.s", p->aiIndent[p->iIndent], "");
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%*.s", p->aiIndent[p->iIndent], "");
           }
           p->iIndent++;
         }
-        utf8_width_print(w, zVal ? zVal : p->nullValue);
-        oputz(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : zSep);
+        utf8_width_print(p->out, w, zVal ? zVal : p->nullValue);
+        sqlite3_fputs(i==nArg-1 ? "\n" : zSep, p->out);
       }
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Semi: {   /* .schema and .fullschema output */
-      printSchemaLine(azArg[0], ";\n");
+      printSchemaLine(p->out, azArg[0], ";\n");
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Pretty: {  /* .schema and .fullschema with --indent */
@@ -2500,7 +2667,7 @@ static int shell_callback(
       if( sqlite3_strlike("CREATE VIEW%", azArg[0], 0)==0
        || sqlite3_strlike("CREATE TRIG%", azArg[0], 0)==0
       ){
-        oputf("%s;\n", azArg[0]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s;\n", azArg[0]);
         break;
       }
       z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", azArg[0]);
@@ -2533,7 +2700,7 @@ static int shell_callback(
           }else if( c==')' ){
             nParen--;
             if( nLine>0 && nParen==0 && j>0 ){
-              printSchemaLineN(z, j, "\n");
+              printSchemaLineN(p->out, z, j, "\n");
               j = 0;
             }
           }
@@ -2542,7 +2709,7 @@ static int shell_callback(
            && (c=='(' || c=='\n' || (c==',' && !wsToEol(z+i+1)))
           ){
             if( c=='\n' ) j--;
-            printSchemaLineN(z, j, "\n  ");
+            printSchemaLineN(p->out, z, j, "\n  ");
             j = 0;
             nLine++;
             while( IsSpace(z[i+1]) ){ i++; }
@@ -2550,118 +2717,128 @@ static int shell_callback(
         }
         z[j] = 0;
       }
-      printSchemaLine(z, ";\n");
+      printSchemaLine(p->out, z, ";\n");
       sqlite3_free(z);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_List: {
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          oputf("%s%s",azCol[i], i==nArg-1 ? p->rowSeparator : p->colSeparator);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s%s", azCol[i],
+                          i==nArg-1 ? p->rowSeparator : p->colSeparator);
         }
       }
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
         char *z = azArg[i];
         if( z==0 ) z = p->nullValue;
-        oputz(z);
-        oputz((i<nArg-1)? p->colSeparator : p->rowSeparator);
+        sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs((i<nArg-1)? p->colSeparator : p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
       break;
     }
+    case MODE_Www:
     case MODE_Html: {
-      if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
-        oputz("<TR>");
+      if( p->cnt==0 && p->cMode==MODE_Www ){
+        sqlite3_fputs(
+          "</PRE>\n"
+          "<TABLE border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='2'>\n"
+          ,p->out
+        );
+      }
+      if( p->cnt==0 && (p->showHeader || p->cMode==MODE_Www) ){
+        sqlite3_fputs("<TR>", p->out);
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          oputz("<TH>");
-          output_html_string(azCol[i]);
-          oputz("</TH>\n");
+          sqlite3_fputs("<TH>", p->out);
+          output_html_string(p->out, azCol[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs("</TH>\n", p->out);
         }
-        oputz("</TR>\n");
+        sqlite3_fputs("</TR>\n", p->out);
       }
+      p->cnt++;
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      oputz("<TR>");
+      sqlite3_fputs("<TR>", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        oputz("<TD>");
-        output_html_string(azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
-        oputz("</TD>\n");
+        sqlite3_fputs("<TD>", p->out);
+        output_html_string(p->out, azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
+        sqlite3_fputs("</TD>\n", p->out);
       }
-      oputz("</TR>\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("</TR>\n", p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Tcl: {
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          output_c_string(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
-          if(i<nArg-1) oputz(p->colSeparator);
+          output_c_string(p->out, azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+          if(i<nArg-1) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
         }
-        oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+        sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        output_c_string(azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
-        if(i<nArg-1) oputz(p->colSeparator);
+        output_c_string(p->out, azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
+        if(i<nArg-1) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
       }
-      oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+      sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Csv: {
-      setBinaryMode(p->out, 1);
+      sqlite3_fsetmode(p->out, _O_BINARY);
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
           output_csv(p, azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "", i<nArg-1);
         }
-        oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+        sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
       if( nArg>0 ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
           output_csv(p, azArg[i], i<nArg-1);
         }
-        oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+        sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
-      setTextMode(p->out, 1);
+      sqlite3_fsetmode(p->out, _O_TEXT);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Insert: {
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
-      oputf("INSERT INTO %s",p->zDestTable);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "INSERT INTO %s",p->zDestTable);
       if( p->showHeader ){
-        oputz("(");
+        sqlite3_fputs("(", p->out);
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          if( i>0 ) oputz(",");
+          if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(",", p->out);
           if( quoteChar(azCol[i]) ){
             char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("\"%w\"", azCol[i]);
             shell_check_oom(z);
-            oputz(z);
+            sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
             sqlite3_free(z);
           }else{
-            oputf("%s", azCol[i]);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s", azCol[i]);
           }
         }
-        oputz(")");
+        sqlite3_fputs(")", p->out);
       }
       p->cnt++;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        oputz(i>0 ? "," : " VALUES(");
+        sqlite3_fputs(i>0 ? "," : " VALUES(", p->out);
         if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
-          oputz("NULL");
+          sqlite3_fputs("NULL", p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
           if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
-            output_quoted_string(azArg[i]);
+            output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
           }else{
-            output_quoted_escaped_string(azArg[i]);
+            output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
           }
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-          oputz(azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
           char z[50];
           double r = sqlite3_column_double(p->pStmt, i);
           sqlite3_uint64 ur;
           memcpy(&ur,&r,sizeof(r));
           if( ur==0x7ff0000000000000LL ){
-            oputz("9.0e+999");
+            sqlite3_fputs("9.0e+999", p->out);
           }else if( ur==0xfff0000000000000LL ){
-            oputz("-9.0e+999");
+            sqlite3_fputs("-9.0e+999", p->out);
           }else{
             sqlite3_int64 ir = (sqlite3_int64)r;
             if( r==(double)ir ){
@@ -2669,115 +2846,115 @@ static int shell_callback(
             }else{
               sqlite3_snprintf(50,z,"%!.20g", r);
             }
-            oputz(z);
+            sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
           }
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_BLOB && p->pStmt ){
           const void *pBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(p->pStmt, i);
           int nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(p->pStmt, i);
-          output_hex_blob(pBlob, nBlob);
+          output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
-          oputz(azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
         }else if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
-          output_quoted_string(azArg[i]);
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }else{
-          output_quoted_escaped_string(azArg[i]);
+          output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }
       }
-      oputz(");\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs(");\n", p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Json: {
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       if( p->cnt==0 ){
-        fputs("[{", p->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs("[{", p->out);
       }else{
-        fputs(",\n{", p->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs(",\n{", p->out);
       }
       p->cnt++;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        output_json_string(azCol[i], -1);
-        oputz(":");
+        output_json_string(p->out, azCol[i], -1);
+        sqlite3_fputs(":", p->out);
         if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
-          oputz("null");
+          sqlite3_fputs("null", p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
           char z[50];
           double r = sqlite3_column_double(p->pStmt, i);
           sqlite3_uint64 ur;
           memcpy(&ur,&r,sizeof(r));
           if( ur==0x7ff0000000000000LL ){
-            oputz("9.0e+999");
+            sqlite3_fputs("9.0e+999", p->out);
           }else if( ur==0xfff0000000000000LL ){
-            oputz("-9.0e+999");
+            sqlite3_fputs("-9.0e+999", p->out);
           }else{
             sqlite3_snprintf(50,z,"%!.20g", r);
-            oputz(z);
+            sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
           }
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_BLOB && p->pStmt ){
           const void *pBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(p->pStmt, i);
           int nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(p->pStmt, i);
-          output_json_string(pBlob, nBlob);
+          output_json_string(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-          output_json_string(azArg[i], -1);
+          output_json_string(p->out, azArg[i], -1);
         }else{
-          oputz(azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
         }
         if( i<nArg-1 ){
-          oputz(",");
+          sqlite3_fputs(",", p->out);
         }
       }
-      oputz("}");
+      sqlite3_fputs("}", p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Quote: {
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       if( p->cnt==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          if( i>0 ) fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
-          output_quoted_string(azCol[i]);
+          if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azCol[i]);
         }
-        fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
       p->cnt++;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        if( i>0 ) fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
+        if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
         if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
-          oputz("NULL");
+          sqlite3_fputs("NULL", p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-          output_quoted_string(azArg[i]);
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-          oputz(azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
           char z[50];
           double r = sqlite3_column_double(p->pStmt, i);
           sqlite3_snprintf(50,z,"%!.20g", r);
-          oputz(z);
+          sqlite3_fputs(z, p->out);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_BLOB && p->pStmt ){
           const void *pBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(p->pStmt, i);
           int nBlob = sqlite3_column_bytes(p->pStmt, i);
-          output_hex_blob(pBlob, nBlob);
+          output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
-          oputz(azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
         }else{
-          output_quoted_string(azArg[i]);
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }
       }
-      fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
+      sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_Ascii: {
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-          if( i>0 ) oputz(p->colSeparator);
-          oputz(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+          if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
+          sqlite3_fputs(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "", p->out);
         }
-        oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+        sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       }
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-        if( i>0 ) oputz(p->colSeparator);
-        oputz(azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
+        if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fputs(p->colSeparator, p->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue, p->out);
       }
-      oputz(p->rowSeparator);
+      sqlite3_fputs(p->rowSeparator, p->out);
       break;
     }
     case MODE_EQP: {
@@ -2856,7 +3033,7 @@ static void createSelftestTable(ShellState *p){
     "DROP TABLE [_shell$self];"
     ,0,0,&zErrMsg);
   if( zErrMsg ){
-    eputf("SELFTEST initialization failure: %s\n", zErrMsg);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "SELFTEST initialization failure: %s\n", zErrMsg);
     sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
   }
   sqlite3_exec(p->db, "RELEASE selftest_init",0,0,0);
@@ -2959,7 +3136,7 @@ static int run_table_dump_query(
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSelect, -1, &pSelect, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pSelect ){
     char *zContext = shell_error_context(zSelect, p->db);
-    oputf("/**** ERROR: (%d) %s *****/\n%s",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "/**** ERROR: (%d) %s *****/\n%s",
           rc, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db), zContext);
     sqlite3_free(zContext);
     if( (rc&0xff)!=SQLITE_CORRUPT ) p->nErr++;
@@ -2969,22 +3146,23 @@ static int run_table_dump_query(
   nResult = sqlite3_column_count(pSelect);
   while( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
     z = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, 0);
-    oputf("%s", z);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s", z);
     for(i=1; i<nResult; i++){
-      oputf(",%s", sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, ",%s", sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, i));
     }
     if( z==0 ) z = "";
     while( z[0] && (z[0]!='-' || z[1]!='-') ) z++;
     if( z[0] ){
-      oputz("\n;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("\n;\n", p->out);
     }else{
-      oputz(";\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs(";\n", p->out);
     }
     rc = sqlite3_step(pSelect);
   }
   rc = sqlite3_finalize(pSelect);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    oputf("/**** ERROR: (%d) %s *****/\n", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "/**** ERROR: (%d) %s *****/\n",
+                    rc, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
     if( (rc&0xff)!=SQLITE_CORRUPT ) p->nErr++;
   }
   return rc;
@@ -3020,13 +3198,13 @@ static char *save_err_msg(
 /*
 ** Attempt to display I/O stats on Linux using /proc/PID/io
 */
-static void displayLinuxIoStats(void){
+static void displayLinuxIoStats(FILE *out){
   FILE *in;
   char z[200];
   sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(z), z, "/proc/%d/io", getpid());
-  in = fopen(z, "rb");
+  in = sqlite3_fopen(z, "rb");
   if( in==0 ) return;
-  while( fgets(z, sizeof(z), in)!=0 ){
+  while( sqlite3_fgets(z, sizeof(z), in)!=0 ){
     static const struct {
       const char *zPattern;
       const char *zDesc;
@@ -3043,7 +3221,7 @@ static void displayLinuxIoStats(void){
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTrans); i++){
       int n = strlen30(aTrans[i].zPattern);
       if( cli_strncmp(aTrans[i].zPattern, z, n)==0 ){
-        oputf("%-36s %s", aTrans[i].zDesc, &z[n]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s", aTrans[i].zDesc, &z[n]);
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -3056,6 +3234,7 @@ static void displayLinuxIoStats(void){
 ** Display a single line of status using 64-bit values.
 */
 static void displayStatLine(
+  FILE *out,                /* Write to this channel */
   char *zLabel,             /* Label for this one line */
   char *zFormat,            /* Format for the result */
   int iStatusCtrl,          /* Which status to display */
@@ -3074,7 +3253,7 @@ static void displayStatLine(
   }else{
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLine), zLine, zFormat, iHiwtr);
   }
-  oputf("%-36s %s\n", zLabel, zLine);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", zLabel, zLine);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3087,28 +3266,31 @@ static int display_stats(
 ){
   int iCur;
   int iHiwtr;
+  FILE *out;
   if( pArg==0 || pArg->out==0 ) return 0;
+  out = pArg->out;
 
   if( pArg->pStmt && pArg->statsOn==2 ){
     int nCol, i, x;
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = pArg->pStmt;
     char z[100];
     nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
-    oputf("%-36s %d\n", "Number of output columns:", nCol);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %d\n", "Number of output columns:", nCol);
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(z),z,"Column %d %nname:", i, &x);
-      oputf("%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_name(pStmt,i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_name(pStmt,i));
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
       sqlite3_snprintf(30, z+x, "declared type:");
-      oputf("%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_decltype(pStmt, i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_decltype(pStmt, i));
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
       sqlite3_snprintf(30, z+x, "database name:");
-      oputf("%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_database_name(pStmt,i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", z,
+                           sqlite3_column_database_name(pStmt,i));
       sqlite3_snprintf(30, z+x, "table name:");
-      oputf("%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_table_name(pStmt,i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_table_name(pStmt,i));
       sqlite3_snprintf(30, z+x, "origin name:");
-      oputf("%-36s %s\n", z, sqlite3_column_origin_name(pStmt,i));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%-36s %s\n", z,sqlite3_column_origin_name(pStmt,i));
 #endif
     }
   }
@@ -3116,27 +3298,27 @@ static int display_stats(
   if( pArg->statsOn==3 ){
     if( pArg->pStmt ){
       iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP,bReset);
-      oputf("VM-steps: %d\n", iCur);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "VM-steps: %d\n", iCur);
     }
     return 0;
   }
 
-  displayStatLine("Memory Used:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Memory Used:",
      "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, bReset);
-  displayStatLine("Number of Outstanding Allocations:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Number of Outstanding Allocations:",
      "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, bReset);
   if( pArg->shellFlgs & SHFLG_Pagecache ){
-    displayStatLine("Number of Pcache Pages Used:",
+    displayStatLine(out, "Number of Pcache Pages Used:",
        "%lld (max %lld) pages", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, bReset);
   }
-  displayStatLine("Number of Pcache Overflow Bytes:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Number of Pcache Overflow Bytes:",
      "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, bReset);
-  displayStatLine("Largest Allocation:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Largest Allocation:",
      "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, bReset);
-  displayStatLine("Largest Pcache Allocation:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Largest Pcache Allocation:",
      "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, bReset);
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
-  displayStatLine("Deepest Parser Stack:",
+  displayStatLine(out, "Deepest Parser Stack:",
      "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK, bReset);
 #endif
 
@@ -3145,68 +3327,87 @@ static int display_stats(
       iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
       sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED,
                         &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-      oputf("Lookaside Slots Used:                %d (max %d)\n", iCur, iHiwtr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, 
+           "Lookaside Slots Used:                %d (max %d)\n", iCur, iHiwtr);
       sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT,
                         &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-      oputf("Successful lookaside attempts:       %d\n", iHiwtr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Successful lookaside attempts:       %d\n", iHiwtr);
       sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE,
                         &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-      oputf("Lookaside failures due to size:      %d\n", iHiwtr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Lookaside failures due to size:      %d\n", iHiwtr);
       sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL,
                         &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-      oputf("Lookaside failures due to OOM:       %d\n", iHiwtr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Lookaside failures due to OOM:       %d\n", iHiwtr);
     }
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-    oputf("Pager Heap Usage:                    %d bytes\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Pager Heap Usage:                    %d bytes\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, &iCur, &iHiwtr, 1);
-    oputf("Page cache hits:                     %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Page cache hits:                     %d\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS, &iCur, &iHiwtr, 1);
-    oputf("Page cache misses:                   %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Page cache misses:                   %d\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE, &iCur, &iHiwtr, 1);
-    oputf("Page cache writes:                   %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Page cache writes:                   %d\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL, &iCur, &iHiwtr, 1);
-    oputf("Page cache spills:                   %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Page cache spills:                   %d\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED, &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-    oputf("Schema Heap Usage:                   %d bytes\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Schema Heap Usage:                   %d bytes\n", iCur);
     iHiwtr = iCur = -1;
     sqlite3_db_status(db, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED, &iCur, &iHiwtr, bReset);
-    oputf("Statement Heap/Lookaside Usage:      %d bytes\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Statement Heap/Lookaside Usage:      %d bytes\n", iCur);
   }
 
   if( pArg->pStmt ){
     int iHit, iMiss;
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP,
                                bReset);
-    oputf("Fullscan Steps:                      %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Fullscan Steps:                      %d\n", iCur);
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT, bReset);
-    oputf("Sort Operations:                     %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Sort Operations:                     %d\n", iCur);
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX,bReset);
-    oputf("Autoindex Inserts:                   %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Autoindex Inserts:                   %d\n", iCur);
     iHit = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT,
                                bReset);
     iMiss = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS,
                                 bReset);
     if( iHit || iMiss ){
-      oputf("Bloom filter bypass taken:           %d/%d\n", iHit, iHit+iMiss);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Bloom filter bypass taken:           %d/%d\n", iHit, iHit+iMiss);
     }
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP, bReset);
-    oputf("Virtual Machine Steps:               %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Virtual Machine Steps:               %d\n", iCur);
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE,bReset);
-    oputf("Reprepare operations:                %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Reprepare operations:                %d\n", iCur);
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN, bReset);
-    oputf("Number of times run:                 %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Number of times run:                 %d\n", iCur);
     iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED, bReset);
-    oputf("Memory used by prepared stmt:        %d\n", iCur);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+           "Memory used by prepared stmt:        %d\n", iCur);
   }
 
 #ifdef __linux__
-  displayLinuxIoStats();
+  displayLinuxIoStats(pArg->out);
 #endif
 
   /* Do not remove this machine readable comment: extra-stats-output-here */
@@ -3602,17 +3803,17 @@ static void bind_prepared_stmt(ShellState *pArg, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 /* Draw horizontal line N characters long using unicode box
 ** characters
 */
-static void print_box_line(int N){
+static void print_box_line(FILE *out, int N){
   const char zDash[] =
       BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24
       BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24 BOX_24;
   const int nDash = sizeof(zDash) - 1;
   N *= 3;
   while( N>nDash ){
-    oputz(zDash);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zDash, out);
     N -= nDash;
   }
-  oputf("%.*s", N, zDash);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s", N, zDash);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3627,15 +3828,15 @@ static void print_box_row_separator(
 ){
   int i;
   if( nArg>0 ){
-    oputz(zSep1);
-    print_box_line(p->actualWidth[0]+2);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zSep1, p->out);
+    print_box_line(p->out, p->actualWidth[0]+2);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
-      oputz(zSep2);
-      print_box_line(p->actualWidth[i]+2);
+      sqlite3_fputs(zSep2, p->out);
+      print_box_line(p->out, p->actualWidth[i]+2);
     }
-    oputz(zSep3);
+    sqlite3_fputs(zSep3, p->out);
   }
-  oputz("\n");
+  sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3669,12 +3870,22 @@ static char *translateForDisplayAndDup(
   if( mxWidth==0 ) mxWidth = 1000000;
   i = j = n = 0;
   while( n<mxWidth ){
-    if( z[i]>=' ' ){
-      n++;
-      do{ i++; j++; }while( (z[i]&0xc0)==0x80 );
+    unsigned char c = z[i];
+    if( c>=0xc0 ){
+      int u;
+      int len = decodeUtf8(&z[i], &u);
+      i += len;
+      j += len;
+      n += cli_wcwidth(u);
       continue;
     }
-    if( z[i]=='\t' ){
+    if( c>=' ' ){
+      n++;
+      i++;
+      j++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( c=='\t' ){
       do{
         n++;
         j++;
@@ -3716,9 +3927,17 @@ static char *translateForDisplayAndDup(
   shell_check_oom(zOut);
   i = j = n = 0;
   while( i<k ){
-    if( z[i]>=' ' ){
+    unsigned char c = z[i];
+    if( c>=0xc0 ){
+      int u;
+      int len = decodeUtf8(&z[i], &u);
+      do{ zOut[j++] = z[i++]; }while( (--len)>0 );
+      n += cli_wcwidth(u);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( c>=' ' ){
       n++;
-      do{ zOut[j++] = z[i++]; }while( (z[i]&0xc0)==0x80 );
+      zOut[j++] = z[i++];
       continue;
     }
     if( z[i]=='\t' ){
@@ -3898,12 +4117,12 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
         for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
           w = p->actualWidth[i];
           if( p->colWidth[i]<0 ) w = -w;
-          utf8_width_print(w, azData[i]);
-          fputs(i==nColumn-1?"\n":"  ", p->out);
+          utf8_width_print(p->out, w, azData[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(i==nColumn-1?"\n":"  ", p->out);
         }
         for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
-          print_dashes(p->actualWidth[i]);
-          fputs(i==nColumn-1?"\n":"  ", p->out);
+          print_dashes(p->out, p->actualWidth[i]);
+          sqlite3_fputs(i==nColumn-1?"\n":"  ", p->out);
         }
       }
       break;
@@ -3912,12 +4131,13 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
       colSep = " | ";
       rowSep = " |\n";
       print_row_separator(p, nColumn, "+");
-      fputs("| ", p->out);
+      sqlite3_fputs("| ", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
         w = p->actualWidth[i];
         n = strlenChar(azData[i]);
-        oputf("%*s%s%*s", (w-n)/2, "", azData[i], (w-n+1)/2, "");
-        oputz(i==nColumn-1?" |\n":" | ");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%*s%s%*s", (w-n)/2, "",
+                        azData[i], (w-n+1)/2, "");
+        sqlite3_fputs(i==nColumn-1?" |\n":" | ", p->out);
       }
       print_row_separator(p, nColumn, "+");
       break;
@@ -3925,12 +4145,13 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
     case MODE_Markdown: {
       colSep = " | ";
       rowSep = " |\n";
-      fputs("| ", p->out);
+      sqlite3_fputs("| ", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
         w = p->actualWidth[i];
         n = strlenChar(azData[i]);
-        oputf("%*s%s%*s", (w-n)/2, "", azData[i], (w-n+1)/2, "");
-        oputz(i==nColumn-1?" |\n":" | ");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%*s%s%*s", (w-n)/2, "",
+                        azData[i], (w-n+1)/2, "");
+        sqlite3_fputs(i==nColumn-1?" |\n":" | ", p->out);
       }
       print_row_separator(p, nColumn, "|");
       break;
@@ -3939,11 +4160,11 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
       colSep = " " BOX_13 " ";
       rowSep = " " BOX_13 "\n";
       print_box_row_separator(p, nColumn, BOX_23, BOX_234, BOX_34);
-      oputz(BOX_13 " ");
+      sqlite3_fputs(BOX_13 " ", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
         w = p->actualWidth[i];
         n = strlenChar(azData[i]);
-        oputf("%*s%s%*s%s",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%*s%s%*s%s",
               (w-n)/2, "", azData[i], (w-n+1)/2, "",
               i==nColumn-1?" "BOX_13"\n":" "BOX_13" ");
       }
@@ -3953,28 +4174,28 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
   }
   for(i=nColumn, j=0; i<nTotal; i++, j++){
     if( j==0 && p->cMode!=MODE_Column ){
-      oputz(p->cMode==MODE_Box?BOX_13" ":"| ");
+      sqlite3_fputs(p->cMode==MODE_Box?BOX_13" ":"| ", p->out);
     }
     z = azData[i];
     if( z==0 ) z = p->nullValue;
     w = p->actualWidth[j];
     if( p->colWidth[j]<0 ) w = -w;
-    utf8_width_print(w, z);
+    utf8_width_print(p->out, w, z);
     if( j==nColumn-1 ){
-      oputz(rowSep);
+      sqlite3_fputs(rowSep, p->out);
       if( bMultiLineRowExists && abRowDiv[i/nColumn-1] && i+1<nTotal ){
         if( p->cMode==MODE_Table ){
           print_row_separator(p, nColumn, "+");
         }else if( p->cMode==MODE_Box ){
           print_box_row_separator(p, nColumn, BOX_123, BOX_1234, BOX_134);
         }else if( p->cMode==MODE_Column ){
-          oputz("\n");
+          sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
         }
       }
       j = -1;
       if( seenInterrupt ) goto columnar_end;
     }else{
-      oputz(colSep);
+      sqlite3_fputs(colSep, p->out);
     }
   }
   if( p->cMode==MODE_Table ){
@@ -3984,7 +4205,7 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt_columnar(
   }
 columnar_end:
   if( seenInterrupt ){
-    oputz("Interrupt\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("Interrupt\n", p->out);
   }
   nData = (nRow+1)*nColumn;
   for(i=0; i<nData; i++){
@@ -4071,7 +4292,9 @@ static void exec_prepared_stmt(
       } while( SQLITE_ROW == rc );
       sqlite3_free(pData);
       if( pArg->cMode==MODE_Json ){
-        fputs("]\n", pArg->out);
+        sqlite3_fputs("]\n", pArg->out);
+      }else if( pArg->cMode==MODE_Www ){
+        sqlite3_fputs("</TABLE>\n<PRE>\n", pArg->out);
       }else if( pArg->cMode==MODE_Count ){
         char zBuf[200];
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%llu row%s\n",
@@ -4120,6 +4343,7 @@ static int expertFinish(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   sqlite3expert *p = pState->expert.pExpert;
+  FILE *out = pState->out;
   assert( p );
   assert( bCancel || pzErr==0 || *pzErr==0 );
   if( bCancel==0 ){
@@ -4132,8 +4356,8 @@ static int expertFinish(
 
       if( bVerbose ){
         const char *zCand = sqlite3_expert_report(p,0,EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES);
-        oputz("-- Candidates -----------------------------\n");
-        oputf("%s\n", zCand);
+        sqlite3_fputs("-- Candidates -----------------------------\n", out);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", zCand);
       }
       for(i=0; i<nQuery; i++){
         const char *zSql = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_SQL);
@@ -4141,11 +4365,12 @@ static int expertFinish(
         const char *zEQP = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN);
         if( zIdx==0 ) zIdx = "(no new indexes)\n";
         if( bVerbose ){
-          oputf("-- Query %d --------------------------------\n",i+1);
-          oputf("%s\n\n", zSql);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+              "-- Query %d --------------------------------\n"
+              "%s\n\n"
+              ,i+1, zSql);
         }
-        oputf("%s\n", zIdx);
-        oputf("%s\n", zEQP);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n%s\n", zIdx, zEQP);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -4180,18 +4405,18 @@ static int expertDotCommand(
     }
     else if( n>=2 && 0==cli_strncmp(z, "-sample", n) ){
       if( i==(nArg-1) ){
-        eputf("option requires an argument: %s\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "option requires an argument: %s\n", z);
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       }else{
         iSample = (int)integerValue(azArg[++i]);
         if( iSample<0 || iSample>100 ){
-          eputf("value out of range: %s\n", azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"value out of range: %s\n", azArg[i]);
           rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         }
       }
     }
     else{
-      eputf("unknown option: %s\n", z);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unknown option: %s\n", z);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
@@ -4199,7 +4424,8 @@ static int expertDotCommand(
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pState->expert.pExpert = sqlite3_expert_new(pState->db, &zErr);
     if( pState->expert.pExpert==0 ){
-      eputf("sqlite3_expert_new: %s\n", zErr ? zErr : "out of memory");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+          "sqlite3_expert_new: %s\n", zErr ? zErr : "out of memory");
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }else{
       sqlite3_expert_config(
@@ -4528,9 +4754,9 @@ static int dump_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azNotUsed){
   noSys    = (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_DumpNoSys)!=0;
 
   if( cli_strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_sequence")==0 && !noSys ){
-    if( !dataOnly ) oputz("DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n");
+    if( !dataOnly ) sqlite3_fputs("DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n", p->out);
   }else if( sqlite3_strglob("sqlite_stat?", zTable)==0 && !noSys ){
-    if( !dataOnly ) oputz("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n");
+    if( !dataOnly ) sqlite3_fputs("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n", p->out);
   }else if( cli_strncmp(zTable, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }else if( dataOnly ){
@@ -4538,7 +4764,7 @@ static int dump_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azNotUsed){
   }else if( cli_strncmp(zSql, "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE", 20)==0 ){
     char *zIns;
     if( !p->writableSchema ){
-      oputz("PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n", p->out);
       p->writableSchema = 1;
     }
     zIns = sqlite3_mprintf(
@@ -4546,11 +4772,11 @@ static int dump_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azNotUsed){
        "VALUES('table','%q','%q',0,'%q');",
        zTable, zTable, zSql);
     shell_check_oom(zIns);
-    oputf("%s\n", zIns);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zIns);
     sqlite3_free(zIns);
     return 0;
   }else{
-    printSchemaLine(zSql, ";\n");
+    printSchemaLine(p->out, zSql, ";\n");
   }
 
   if( cli_strcmp(zType, "table")==0 ){
@@ -4608,7 +4834,7 @@ static int dump_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azNotUsed){
     p->mode = p->cMode = MODE_Insert;
     rc = shell_exec(p, sSelect.z, 0);
     if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
-      oputz("/****** CORRUPTION ERROR *******/\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("/****** CORRUPTION ERROR *******/\n", p->out);
       toggleSelectOrder(p->db);
       shell_exec(p, sSelect.z, 0);
       toggleSelectOrder(p->db);
@@ -4639,9 +4865,9 @@ static int run_schema_dump_query(
   if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
     char *zQ2;
     int len = strlen30(zQuery);
-    oputz("/****** CORRUPTION ERROR *******/\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("/****** CORRUPTION ERROR *******/\n", p->out);
     if( zErr ){
-      oputf("/****** %s ******/\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "/****** %s ******/\n", zErr);
       sqlite3_free(zErr);
       zErr = 0;
     }
@@ -4650,7 +4876,7 @@ static int run_schema_dump_query(
     sqlite3_snprintf(len+100, zQ2, "%s ORDER BY rowid DESC", zQuery);
     rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zQ2, dump_callback, p, &zErr);
     if( rc ){
-      oputf("/****** ERROR: %s ******/\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "/****** ERROR: %s ******/\n", zErr);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
     }
@@ -4713,9 +4939,10 @@ static const char *(azHelp[]) = {
   ".clone NEWDB             Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database",
 #endif
   ".connection [close] [#]  Open or close an auxiliary database connection",
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY) \
+                    && !defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_STDIO)
   ".crnl on|off             Translate \\n to \\r\\n.  Default ON",
-#endif
+#endif /* _WIN32 && U8TEXT_ONLY && U8TEXT_STDIO */
   ".databases               List names and files of attached databases",
   ".dbconfig ?op? ?val?     List or change sqlite3_db_config() options",
 #if SQLITE_SHELL_HAVE_RECOVER
@@ -4821,9 +5048,11 @@ static const char *(azHelp[]) = {
 #ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
   ".once ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?   Output for the next SQL command only to FILE",
   "     If FILE begins with '|' then open as a pipe",
-  "       --bom  Put a UTF8 byte-order mark at the beginning",
-  "       -e     Send output to the system text editor",
-  "       -x     Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet (same as \".excel\")",
+  "       --bom    Put a UTF8 byte-order mark at the beginning",
+  "       -e       Send output to the system text editor",
+  "       --plain  Use text/plain output instead of HTML for -w option",
+  "       -w       Send output as HTML to a web browser (same as \".www\")",
+  "       -x       Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet (same as \".excel\")",
   /* Note that .open is (partially) available in WASM builds but is
   ** currently only intended to be used by the fiddle tool, not
   ** end users, so is "undocumented." */
@@ -4846,6 +5075,8 @@ static const char *(azHelp[]) = {
   "   Options:",
   "     --bom                 Prefix output with a UTF8 byte-order mark",
   "     -e                    Send output to the system text editor",
+  "     --plain               Use text/plain for -w option",
+  "     -w                    Send output to a web browser",
   "     -x                    Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet",
 #endif
   ".parameter CMD ...       Manage SQL parameter bindings",
@@ -4959,6 +5190,10 @@ static const char *(azHelp[]) = {
   ".vfsname ?AUX?           Print the name of the VFS stack",
   ".width NUM1 NUM2 ...     Set minimum column widths for columnar output",
   "     Negative values right-justify",
+#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
+  ".www                     Display output of the next command in web browser",
+  "    --plain                 Show results as text/plain, not as HTML",
+#endif
 };
 
 /*
@@ -5007,10 +5242,10 @@ static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
       }
       if( ((hw^hh)&HH_Undoc)==0 ){
         if( (hh&HH_Summary)!=0 ){
-          sputf(out, ".%s\n", azHelp[i]+1);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, ".%s\n", azHelp[i]+1);
           ++n;
         }else if( (hw&HW_SummaryOnly)==0 ){
-          sputf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -5020,7 +5255,7 @@ static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
     shell_check_oom(zPat);
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
       if( sqlite3_strglob(zPat, azHelp[i])==0 ){
-        sputf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
         j = i+1;
         n++;
       }
@@ -5031,7 +5266,7 @@ static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
         /* when zPattern is a prefix of exactly one command, then include
         ** the details of that command, which should begin at offset j */
         while( j<ArraySize(azHelp)-1 && azHelp[j][0]==' ' ){
-          sputf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
           j++;
         }
       }
@@ -5048,10 +5283,10 @@ static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
       }
       if( azHelp[i][0]=='.' ) j = i;
       if( sqlite3_strlike(zPat, azHelp[i], 0)==0 ){
-        sputf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
         while( j<ArraySize(azHelp)-1 && azHelp[j+1][0]==' ' ){
           j++;
-          sputf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
         }
         i = j;
         n++;
@@ -5081,7 +5316,7 @@ static int process_input(ShellState *p);
 ** is undefined in this case.
 */
 static char *readFile(const char *zName, int *pnByte){
-  FILE *in = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  FILE *in = sqlite3_fopen(zName, "rb");
   long nIn;
   size_t nRead;
   char *pBuf;
@@ -5089,7 +5324,7 @@ static char *readFile(const char *zName, int *pnByte){
   if( in==0 ) return 0;
   rc = fseek(in, 0, SEEK_END);
   if( rc!=0 ){
-    eputf("Error: '%s' not seekable\n", zName);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: '%s' not seekable\n", zName);
     fclose(in);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -5097,7 +5332,7 @@ static char *readFile(const char *zName, int *pnByte){
   rewind(in);
   pBuf = sqlite3_malloc64( nIn+1 );
   if( pBuf==0 ){
-    eputz("Error: out of memory\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("Error: out of memory\n", stderr);
     fclose(in);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -5105,7 +5340,7 @@ static char *readFile(const char *zName, int *pnByte){
   fclose(in);
   if( nRead!=1 ){
     sqlite3_free(pBuf);
-    eputf("Error: cannot read '%s'\n", zName);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot read '%s'\n", zName);
     return 0;
   }
   pBuf[nIn] = 0;
@@ -5171,7 +5406,7 @@ static int session_filter(void *pCtx, const char *zTab){
 ** the type cannot be determined from content.
 */
 int deduceDatabaseType(const char *zName, int dfltZip){
-  FILE *f = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  FILE *f = sqlite3_fopen(zName, "rb");
   size_t n;
   int rc = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
   char zBuf[100];
@@ -5224,9 +5459,9 @@ static unsigned char *readHexDb(ShellState *p, int *pnData){
   unsigned int x[16];
   char zLine[1000];
   if( zDbFilename ){
-    in = fopen(zDbFilename, "r");
+    in = sqlite3_fopen(zDbFilename, "r");
     if( in==0 ){
-      eputf("cannot open \"%s\" for reading\n", zDbFilename);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"cannot open \"%s\" for reading\n", zDbFilename);
       return 0;
     }
     nLine = 0;
@@ -5237,7 +5472,7 @@ static unsigned char *readHexDb(ShellState *p, int *pnData){
   }
   *pnData = 0;
   nLine++;
-  if( fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), in)==0 ) goto readHexDb_error;
+  if( sqlite3_fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), in)==0 ) goto readHexDb_error;
   rc = sscanf(zLine, "| size %d pagesize %d", &n, &pgsz);
   if( rc!=2 ) goto readHexDb_error;
   if( n<0 ) goto readHexDb_error;
@@ -5247,10 +5482,10 @@ static unsigned char *readHexDb(ShellState *p, int *pnData){
   shell_check_oom(a);
   memset(a, 0, n);
   if( pgsz<512 || pgsz>65536 || (pgsz & (pgsz-1))!=0 ){
-    eputz("invalid pagesize\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("invalid pagesize\n", stderr);
     goto readHexDb_error;
   }
-  for(nLine++; fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), in)!=0; nLine++){
+  for(nLine++; sqlite3_fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), in)!=0; nLine++){
     rc = sscanf(zLine, "| page %d offset %d", &j, &k);
     if( rc==2 ){
       iOffset = k;
@@ -5282,14 +5517,14 @@ readHexDb_error:
   if( in!=p->in ){
     fclose(in);
   }else{
-    while( fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), p->in)!=0 ){
+    while( sqlite3_fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), p->in)!=0 ){
       nLine++;
       if(cli_strncmp(zLine, "| end ", 6)==0 ) break;
     }
     p->lineno = nLine;
   }
   sqlite3_free(a);
-  eputf("Error on line %d of --hexdb input\n", nLine);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error on line %d of --hexdb input\n", nLine);
   return 0;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE */
@@ -5364,7 +5599,7 @@ static void open_db(ShellState *p, int openFlags){
       }
     }
     if( p->db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(p->db) ){
-      eputf("Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n",
             zDbFilename, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
       if( (openFlags & OPEN_DB_KEEPALIVE)==0 ){
         exit(1);
@@ -5372,10 +5607,12 @@ static void open_db(ShellState *p, int openFlags){
       sqlite3_close(p->db);
       sqlite3_open(":memory:", &p->db);
       if( p->db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(p->db) ){
-        eputz("Also: unable to open substitute in-memory database.\n");
+        sqlite3_fputs("Also: unable to open substitute in-memory database.\n",
+                      stderr);
         exit(1);
       }else{
-        eputf("Notice: using substitute in-memory database instead of \"%s\"\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+              "Notice: using substitute in-memory database instead of \"%s\"\n",
               zDbFilename);
       }
     }
@@ -5392,6 +5629,7 @@ static void open_db(ShellState *p, int openFlags){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
     sqlite3_enable_load_extension(p->db, 1);
 #endif
+    sqlite3_sha_init(p->db, 0, 0);
     sqlite3_shathree_init(p->db, 0, 0);
     sqlite3_uint_init(p->db, 0, 0);
     sqlite3_stmtrand_init(p->db, 0, 0);
@@ -5486,7 +5724,7 @@ static void open_db(ShellState *p, int openFlags){
                    SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE |
                    SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE);
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("Error: sqlite3_deserialize() returns %d\n", rc);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: sqlite3_deserialize() returns %d\n", rc);
       }
       if( p->szMax>0 ){
         sqlite3_file_control(p->db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT, &p->szMax);
@@ -5510,7 +5748,8 @@ static void open_db(ShellState *p, int openFlags){
 void close_db(sqlite3 *db){
   int rc = sqlite3_close(db);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("Error: sqlite3_close() returns %d: %s\n", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+        "Error: sqlite3_close() returns %d: %s\n", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
   }
 }
 
@@ -5674,7 +5913,8 @@ static int booleanValue(const char *zArg){
   if( sqlite3_stricmp(zArg, "off")==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zArg,"no")==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
-  eputf("ERROR: Not a boolean value: \"%s\". Assuming \"no\".\n", zArg);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+       "ERROR: Not a boolean value: \"%s\". Assuming \"no\".\n", zArg);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5710,9 +5950,9 @@ static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile, int bTextMode){
   }else if( cli_strcmp(zFile, "off")==0 ){
     f = 0;
   }else{
-    f = fopen(zFile, bTextMode ? "w" : "wb");
+    f = sqlite3_fopen(zFile, bTextMode ? "w" : "wb");
     if( f==0 ){
-      eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
     }
   }
   return f;
@@ -5765,12 +6005,13 @@ static int sql_trace_callback(
   switch( mType ){
     case SQLITE_TRACE_ROW:
     case SQLITE_TRACE_STMT: {
-      sputf(p->traceOut, "%.*s;\n", (int)nSql, zSql);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->traceOut, "%.*s;\n", (int)nSql, zSql);
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE: {
       sqlite3_int64 nNanosec = pX ? *(sqlite3_int64*)pX : 0;
-      sputf(p->traceOut, "%.*s; -- %lld ns\n", (int)nSql, zSql, nNanosec);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->traceOut,
+                      "%.*s; -- %lld ns\n", (int)nSql, zSql, nNanosec);
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -5877,10 +6118,11 @@ static char *SQLITE_CDECL csv_read_one_field(ImportCtx *p){
         break;
       }
       if( pc==cQuote && c!='\r' ){
-        eputf("%s:%d: unescaped %c character\n", p->zFile, p->nLine, cQuote);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d: unescaped %c character\n", 
+                        p->zFile, p->nLine, cQuote);
       }
       if( c==EOF ){
-        eputf("%s:%d: unterminated %c-quoted field\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d: unterminated %c-quoted field\n",
               p->zFile, startLine, cQuote);
         p->cTerm = c;
         break;
@@ -5979,7 +6221,7 @@ static void tryToCloneData(
   shell_check_oom(zQuery);
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zQuery, -1, &pQuery, 0);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("Error %d: %s on [%s]\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error %d: %s on [%s]\n",
           sqlite3_extended_errcode(p->db), sqlite3_errmsg(p->db), zQuery);
     goto end_data_xfer;
   }
@@ -5996,7 +6238,7 @@ static void tryToCloneData(
   memcpy(zInsert+i, ");", 3);
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(newDb, zInsert, -1, &pInsert, 0);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("Error %d: %s on [%s]\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error %d: %s on [%s]\n",
           sqlite3_extended_errcode(newDb), sqlite3_errmsg(newDb), zInsert);
     goto end_data_xfer;
   }
@@ -6032,7 +6274,7 @@ static void tryToCloneData(
       } /* End for */
       rc = sqlite3_step(pInsert);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
-        eputf("Error %d: %s\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error %d: %s\n",
               sqlite3_extended_errcode(newDb), sqlite3_errmsg(newDb));
       }
       sqlite3_reset(pInsert);
@@ -6050,7 +6292,7 @@ static void tryToCloneData(
     shell_check_oom(zQuery);
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zQuery, -1, &pQuery, 0);
     if( rc ){
-      eputf("Warning: cannot step \"%s\" backwards", zTable);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Warning: cannot step \"%s\" backwards", zTable);
       break;
     }
   } /* End for(k=0...) */
@@ -6087,7 +6329,8 @@ static void tryToCloneSchema(
   shell_check_oom(zQuery);
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zQuery, -1, &pQuery, 0);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("Error: (%d) %s on [%s]\n", sqlite3_extended_errcode(p->db),
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+          "Error: (%d) %s on [%s]\n", sqlite3_extended_errcode(p->db),
           sqlite3_errmsg(p->db), zQuery);
     goto end_schema_xfer;
   }
@@ -6096,10 +6339,10 @@ static void tryToCloneSchema(
     zSql = sqlite3_column_text(pQuery, 1);
     if( zName==0 || zSql==0 ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp((char*)zName, "sqlite_sequence")!=0 ){
-      sputf(stdout, "%s... ", zName); fflush(stdout);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%s... ", zName); fflush(stdout);
       sqlite3_exec(newDb, (const char*)zSql, 0, 0, &zErrMsg);
       if( zErrMsg ){
-        eputf("Error: %s\nSQL: [%s]\n", zErrMsg, zSql);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\nSQL: [%s]\n", zErrMsg, zSql);
         sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
         zErrMsg = 0;
       }
@@ -6117,7 +6360,7 @@ static void tryToCloneSchema(
     shell_check_oom(zQuery);
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zQuery, -1, &pQuery, 0);
     if( rc ){
-      eputf("Error: (%d) %s on [%s]\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: (%d) %s on [%s]\n",
             sqlite3_extended_errcode(p->db), sqlite3_errmsg(p->db), zQuery);
       goto end_schema_xfer;
     }
@@ -6126,10 +6369,10 @@ static void tryToCloneSchema(
       zSql = sqlite3_column_text(pQuery, 1);
       if( zName==0 || zSql==0 ) continue;
       if( sqlite3_stricmp((char*)zName, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ) continue;
-      sputf(stdout, "%s... ", zName); fflush(stdout);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%s... ", zName); fflush(stdout);
       sqlite3_exec(newDb, (const char*)zSql, 0, 0, &zErrMsg);
       if( zErrMsg ){
-        eputf("Error: %s\nSQL: [%s]\n", zErrMsg, zSql);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\nSQL: [%s]\n", zErrMsg, zSql);
         sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
         zErrMsg = 0;
       }
@@ -6153,12 +6396,13 @@ static void tryToClone(ShellState *p, const char *zNewDb){
   int rc;
   sqlite3 *newDb = 0;
   if( access(zNewDb,0)==0 ){
-    eputf("File \"%s\" already exists.\n", zNewDb);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"File \"%s\" already exists.\n", zNewDb);
     return;
   }
   rc = sqlite3_open(zNewDb, &newDb);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("Cannot create output database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(newDb));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+        "Cannot create output database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(newDb));
   }else{
     sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;", 0, 0, 0);
     sqlite3_exec(newDb, "BEGIN EXCLUSIVE;", 0, 0, 0);
@@ -6175,10 +6419,17 @@ static void tryToClone(ShellState *p, const char *zNewDb){
 ** Change the output stream (file or pipe or console) to something else.
 */
 static void output_redir(ShellState *p, FILE *pfNew){
-  if( p->out != stdout ) eputz("Output already redirected.\n");
-  else{
+  if( p->out != stdout ){
+    sqlite3_fputs("Output already redirected.\n", stderr);
+  }else{
     p->out = pfNew;
-    setOutputStream(pfNew);
+    if( p->mode==MODE_Www ){
+      sqlite3_fputs(
+        "<!DOCTYPE html>\n"
+        "<HTML><BODY><PRE>\n",
+        p->out
+      );
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -6195,6 +6446,9 @@ static void output_reset(ShellState *p){
     pclose(p->out);
 #endif
   }else{
+    if( p->mode==MODE_Www ){
+      sqlite3_fputs("</PRE></BODY></HTML>\n", p->out);
+    }
     output_file_close(p->out);
 #ifndef SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM
     if( p->doXdgOpen ){
@@ -6209,7 +6463,7 @@ static void output_reset(ShellState *p){
       char *zCmd;
       zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf("%s %s", zXdgOpenCmd, p->zTempFile);
       if( system(zCmd) ){
-        eputf("Failed: [%s]\n", zCmd);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Failed: [%s]\n", zCmd);
       }else{
         /* Give the start/open/xdg-open command some time to get
         ** going before we continue, and potential delete the
@@ -6224,7 +6478,6 @@ static void output_reset(ShellState *p){
   }
   p->outfile[0] = 0;
   p->out = stdout;
-  setOutputStream(stdout);
 }
 #else
 # define output_redir(SS,pfO)
@@ -6300,7 +6553,7 @@ static int shell_dbinfo_command(ShellState *p, int nArg, char **azArg){
              "SELECT data FROM sqlite_dbpage(?1) WHERE pgno=1",
              -1, &pStmt, 0);
   if( rc ){
-    eputf("error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -6313,28 +6566,28 @@ static int shell_dbinfo_command(ShellState *p, int nArg, char **azArg){
     memcpy(aHdr, pb, 100);
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }else{
-    eputz("unable to read database header\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("unable to read database header\n", stderr);
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     return 1;
   }
   i = get2byteInt(aHdr+16);
   if( i==1 ) i = 65536;
-  oputf("%-20s %d\n", "database page size:", i);
-  oputf("%-20s %d\n", "write format:", aHdr[18]);
-  oputf("%-20s %d\n", "read format:", aHdr[19]);
-  oputf("%-20s %d\n", "reserved bytes:", aHdr[20]);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %d\n", "database page size:", i);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %d\n", "write format:", aHdr[18]);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %d\n", "read format:", aHdr[19]);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %d\n", "reserved bytes:", aHdr[20]);
   for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aField); i++){
     int ofst = aField[i].ofst;
     unsigned int val = get4byteInt(aHdr + ofst);
-    oputf("%-20s %u", aField[i].zName, val);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %u", aField[i].zName, val);
     switch( ofst ){
       case 56: {
-        if( val==1 ) oputz(" (utf8)");
-        if( val==2 ) oputz(" (utf16le)");
-        if( val==3 ) oputz(" (utf16be)");
+        if( val==1 ) sqlite3_fputs(" (utf8)", p->out);
+        if( val==2 ) sqlite3_fputs(" (utf16le)", p->out);
+        if( val==3 ) sqlite3_fputs(" (utf16be)", p->out);
       }
     }
-    oputz("\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
   }
   if( zDb==0 ){
     zSchemaTab = sqlite3_mprintf("main.sqlite_schema");
@@ -6347,11 +6600,11 @@ static int shell_dbinfo_command(ShellState *p, int nArg, char **azArg){
     char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(aQuery[i].zSql, zSchemaTab);
     int val = db_int(p->db, zSql);
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    oputf("%-20s %d\n", aQuery[i].zName, val);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %d\n", aQuery[i].zName, val);
   }
   sqlite3_free(zSchemaTab);
   sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDb, SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION, &iDataVersion);
-  oputf("%-20s %u\n", "data version", iDataVersion);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%-20s %u\n", "data version", iDataVersion);
   return 0;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_SHELL_HAVE_RECOVER */
@@ -6360,7 +6613,7 @@ static int shell_dbinfo_command(ShellState *p, int nArg, char **azArg){
 ** Print the given string as an error message.
 */
 static void shellEmitError(const char *zErr){
-  eputf("Error: %s\n", zErr);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErr);
 }
 /*
 ** Print the current sqlite3_errmsg() value to stderr and return 1.
@@ -6607,6 +6860,7 @@ static int lintFkeyIndexes(
   const char *zIndent = "";       /* How much to indent CREATE INDEX by */
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
   sqlite3_stmt *pSql = 0;         /* Compiled version of SQL statement below */
+  FILE *out = pState->out;        /* Send output here */
 
   /*
   ** This SELECT statement returns one row for each foreign key constraint
@@ -6682,7 +6936,8 @@ static int lintFkeyIndexes(
       zIndent = "    ";
     }
     else{
-      eputf("Usage: %s %s ?-verbose? ?-groupbyparent?\n", azArg[0], azArg[1]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+           "Usage: %s %s ?-verbose? ?-groupbyparent?\n", azArg[0], azArg[1]);
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
@@ -6726,22 +6981,23 @@ static int lintFkeyIndexes(
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
 
       if( res<0 ){
-        eputz("Error: internal error");
+        sqlite3_fputs("Error: internal error", stderr);
         break;
       }else{
         if( bGroupByParent
         && (bVerbose || res==0)
         && (zPrev==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zParent, zPrev))
         ){
-          oputf("-- Parent table %s\n", zParent);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "-- Parent table %s\n", zParent);
           sqlite3_free(zPrev);
           zPrev = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zParent);
         }
 
         if( res==0 ){
-          oputf("%s%s --> %s\n", zIndent, zCI, zTarget);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s%s --> %s\n", zIndent, zCI, zTarget);
         }else if( bVerbose ){
-          oputf("%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n",
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out,
+                "%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n",
                 zIndent, zFrom, zTarget
           );
         }
@@ -6750,16 +7006,16 @@ static int lintFkeyIndexes(
     sqlite3_free(zPrev);
 
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      eputf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
     }
 
     rc2 = sqlite3_finalize(pSql);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && rc2!=SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = rc2;
-      eputf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
     }
   }else{
-    eputf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -6779,9 +7035,9 @@ static int lintDotCommand(
   return lintFkeyIndexes(pState, azArg, nArg);
 
  usage:
-  eputf("Usage %s sub-command ?switches...?\n", azArg[0]);
-  eputz("Where sub-commands are:\n");
-  eputz("    fkey-indexes\n");
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Usage %s sub-command ?switches...?\n", azArg[0]);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "Where sub-commands are:\n");
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "    fkey-indexes\n");
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -6795,7 +7051,8 @@ static void shellPrepare(
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      eputf("sql error: %s (%d)\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db), sqlite3_errcode(db));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+         "sql error: %s (%d)\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db), sqlite3_errcode(db));
       *pRc = rc;
     }
   }
@@ -6839,7 +7096,7 @@ static void shellFinalize(
     int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        eputf("SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
       }
       *pRc = rc;
     }
@@ -6861,7 +7118,7 @@ void shellReset(
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_db_handle(pStmt);
-      eputf("SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
     }
     *pRc = rc;
   }
@@ -6890,6 +7147,7 @@ struct ArCommand {
   const char *zDir;               /* --directory argument, or NULL */
   char **azArg;                   /* Array of command arguments */
   ShellState *p;                  /* Shell state */
+  FILE *out;                      /* Output to this stream */
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database containing the archive */
 };
 
@@ -6913,9 +7171,9 @@ static int arErrorMsg(ArCommand *pAr, const char *zFmt, ...){
   va_end(ap);
   shellEmitError(z);
   if( pAr->fromCmdLine ){
-    eputz("Use \"-A\" for more help\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("Use \"-A\" for more help\n", stderr);
   }else{
-    eputz("Use \".archive --help\" for more help\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("Use \".archive --help\" for more help\n", stderr);
   }
   sqlite3_free(z);
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -7015,7 +7273,7 @@ static int arParseCommand(
   struct ArSwitch *pEnd = &aSwitch[nSwitch];
 
   if( nArg<=1 ){
-    eputz("Wrong number of arguments.  Usage:\n");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "Wrong number of arguments.  Usage:\n");
     return arUsage(stderr);
   }else{
     char *z = azArg[1];
@@ -7121,7 +7379,7 @@ static int arParseCommand(
     }
   }
   if( pAr->eCmd==0 ){
-    eputz("Required argument missing.  Usage:\n");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "Required argument missing.  Usage:\n");
     return arUsage(stderr);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -7164,7 +7422,7 @@ static int arCheckEntries(ArCommand *pAr){
       }
       shellReset(&rc, pTest);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk==0 ){
-        eputf("not found in archive: %s\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"not found in archive: %s\n", z);
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
     }
@@ -7231,15 +7489,15 @@ static int arListCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
   shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pSql, zSql, azCols[pAr->bVerbose],
                      pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere);
   if( pAr->bDryRun ){
-    oputf("%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
   }else{
     while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
       if( pAr->bVerbose ){
-        oputf("%s % 10d  %s  %s\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s % 10d  %s  %s\n",
               sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0), sqlite3_column_int(pSql, 1),
               sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 2),sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 3));
       }else{
-        oputf("%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -7266,7 +7524,7 @@ static int arRemoveCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s;",
                            pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere);
     if( pAr->bDryRun ){
-      oputf("%s\n", zSql);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", zSql);
     }else{
       char *zErr = 0;
       rc = sqlite3_exec(pAr->db, "SAVEPOINT ar;", 0, 0, 0);
@@ -7279,7 +7537,7 @@ static int arRemoveCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
         }
       }
       if( zErr ){
-        sputf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr); /* stdout? */
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr); /* stdout? */
         sqlite3_free(zErr);
       }
     }
@@ -7343,11 +7601,11 @@ static int arExtractCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
       j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pSql, "$dirOnly");
       sqlite3_bind_int(pSql, j, i);
       if( pAr->bDryRun ){
-        oputf("%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
       }else{
         while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
           if( i==0 && pAr->bVerbose ){
-            oputf("%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+            sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
           }
         }
       }
@@ -7367,13 +7625,13 @@ static int arExtractCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
 static int arExecSql(ArCommand *pAr, const char *zSql){
   int rc;
   if( pAr->bDryRun ){
-    oputf("%s\n", zSql);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(pAr->out, "%s\n", zSql);
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }else{
     char *zErr = 0;
     rc = sqlite3_exec(pAr->db, zSql, 0, 0, &zErr);
     if( zErr ){
-      sputf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr);
       sqlite3_free(zErr);
     }
   }
@@ -7522,6 +7780,7 @@ static int arDotCommand(
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int eDbType = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
     cmd.p = pState;
+    cmd.out = pState->out;
     cmd.db = pState->db;
     if( cmd.zFile ){
       eDbType = deduceDatabaseType(cmd.zFile, 1);
@@ -7548,13 +7807,14 @@ static int arDotCommand(
       }
       cmd.db = 0;
       if( cmd.bDryRun ){
-        oputf("-- open database '%s'%s\n", cmd.zFile,
+        sqlite3_fprintf(cmd.out, "-- open database '%s'%s\n", cmd.zFile,
               eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? " using 'apndvfs'" : "");
       }
       rc = sqlite3_open_v2(cmd.zFile, &cmd.db, flags,
              eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? "apndvfs" : 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        eputf("cannot open file: %s (%s)\n", cmd.zFile, sqlite3_errmsg(cmd.db));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "cannot open file: %s (%s)\n",
+                        cmd.zFile, sqlite3_errmsg(cmd.db));
         goto end_ar_command;
       }
       sqlite3_fileio_init(cmd.db, 0, 0);
@@ -7567,7 +7827,7 @@ static int arDotCommand(
       if( cmd.eCmd!=AR_CMD_CREATE
        && sqlite3_table_column_metadata(cmd.db,0,"sqlar","name",0,0,0,0,0)
       ){
-        eputz("database does not contain an 'sqlar' table\n");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "database does not contain an 'sqlar' table\n");
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         goto end_ar_command;
       }
@@ -7625,7 +7885,7 @@ end_ar_command:
 */
 static int recoverSqlCb(void *pCtx, const char *zSql){
   ShellState *pState = (ShellState*)pCtx;
-  sputf(pState->out, "%s;\n", zSql);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(pState->out, "%s;\n", zSql);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -7668,7 +7928,7 @@ static int recoverDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, int nArg, char **azArg){
       bRowids = 0;
     }
     else{
-      eputf("unexpected option: %s\n", azArg[i]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unexpected option: %s\n", azArg[i]);
       showHelp(pState->out, azArg[0]);
       return 1;
     }
@@ -7687,7 +7947,7 @@ static int recoverDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, int nArg, char **azArg){
   if( sqlite3_recover_errcode(p)!=SQLITE_OK ){
     const char *zErr = sqlite3_recover_errmsg(p);
     int errCode = sqlite3_recover_errcode(p);
-    eputf("sql error: %s (%d)\n", zErr, errCode);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"sql error: %s (%d)\n", zErr, errCode);
   }
   rc = sqlite3_recover_finish(p);
   return rc;
@@ -7709,7 +7969,7 @@ static int intckDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, i64 nStepPerUnlock){
     while( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3_intck_step(p) ){
       const char *zMsg = sqlite3_intck_message(p);
       if( zMsg ){
-        oputf("%s\n", zMsg);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(pState->out, "%s\n", zMsg);
         nError++;
       }
       nStep++;
@@ -7719,11 +7979,11 @@ static int intckDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, i64 nStepPerUnlock){
     }
     rc = sqlite3_intck_error(p, &zErr);
     if( zErr ){
-      eputf("%s\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s\n", zErr);
     }
     sqlite3_intck_close(p);
 
-    oputf("%lld steps, %lld errors\n", nStep, nError);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(pState->out, "%lld steps, %lld errors\n", nStep, nError);
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -7746,7 +8006,7 @@ static int intckDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, i64 nStepPerUnlock){
 #define rc_err_oom_die(rc) \
   if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) shell_check_oom(0); \
   else if(!(rc==SQLITE_OK||rc==SQLITE_DONE)) \
-    eputf("E:%d\n",rc), assert(0)
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"E:%d\n",rc), assert(0)
 #else
 static void rc_err_oom_die(int rc){
   if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) shell_check_oom(0);
@@ -7963,8 +8223,9 @@ static int outputDumpWarning(ShellState *p, const char *zLike){
     "sql LIKE 'CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE%%' AND %s", zLike ? zLike : "true"
   );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    oputz("/* WARNING: "
-          "Script requires that SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE be disabled */\n"
+    sqlite3_fputs("/* WARNING: "
+          "Script requires that SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE be disabled */\n",
+          p->out
     );
   }
   shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);
@@ -7995,12 +8256,14 @@ static int faultsim_callback(int iArg){
   if( faultsim_state.iCnt ){
     if( faultsim_state.iCnt>0 ) faultsim_state.iCnt--;
     if( faultsim_state.eVerbose>=2 ){
-      oputf("FAULT-SIM id=%d no-fault (cnt=%d)\n", iArg, faultsim_state.iCnt);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, 
+         "FAULT-SIM id=%d no-fault (cnt=%d)\n", iArg, faultsim_state.iCnt);
     }
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
   if( faultsim_state.eVerbose>=1 ){
-    oputf("FAULT-SIM id=%d returns %d\n", iArg, faultsim_state.iErr);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, 
+         "FAULT-SIM id=%d returns %d\n", iArg, faultsim_state.iErr);
   }
   faultsim_state.iCnt = faultsim_state.iInterval;
   faultsim_state.nHit++;
@@ -8063,7 +8326,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   if( c=='a' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "auth", n)==0 ){
     if( nArg!=2 ){
-      eputz("Usage: .auth ON|OFF\n");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .auth ON|OFF\n");
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
@@ -8110,7 +8373,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           bAsync = 1;
         }else
         {
-          eputf("unknown option: %s\n", azArg[j]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unknown option: %s\n", azArg[j]);
           return 1;
         }
       }else if( zDestFile==0 ){
@@ -8119,19 +8382,19 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         zDb = zDestFile;
         zDestFile = azArg[j];
       }else{
-        eputz("Usage: .backup ?DB? ?OPTIONS? FILENAME\n");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .backup ?DB? ?OPTIONS? FILENAME\n");
         return 1;
       }
     }
     if( zDestFile==0 ){
-      eputz("missing FILENAME argument on .backup\n");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "missing FILENAME argument on .backup\n");
       return 1;
     }
     if( zDb==0 ) zDb = "main";
     rc = sqlite3_open_v2(zDestFile, &pDest,
                   SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, zVfs);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zDestFile);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zDestFile);
       close_db(pDest);
       return 1;
     }
@@ -8169,17 +8432,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 
   /* Undocumented.  Legacy only.  See "crnl" below */
   if( c=='b' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "binary", n)==0 ){
-    if( nArg==2 ){
-      if( booleanValue(azArg[1]) ){
-        setBinaryMode(p->out, 1);
-      }else{
-        setTextMode(p->out, 1);
-      }
-    }else{
-      eputz("The \".binary\" command is deprecated. Use \".crnl\" instead.\n"
-            "Usage: .binary on|off\n");
-      rc = 1;
-    }
+    eputz("The \".binary\" command is deprecated. Use \".crnl\" instead.\n");
+    rc = 1;
   }else
 
   /* The undocumented ".breakpoint" command causes a call to the no-op
@@ -8201,7 +8455,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = chdir(azArg[1]);
 #endif
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("Cannot change to directory \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Cannot change to directory \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
         rc = 1;
       }
     }else{
@@ -8234,11 +8488,12 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     }else if( (zRes = readFile("testcase-out.txt", 0))==0 ){
       rc = 2;
     }else if( testcase_glob(azArg[1],zRes)==0 ){
-      eputf("testcase-%s FAILED\n Expected: [%s]\n      Got: [%s]\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+            "testcase-%s FAILED\n Expected: [%s]\n      Got: [%s]\n",
             p->zTestcase, azArg[1], zRes);
       rc = 1;
     }else{
-      oputf("testcase-%s ok\n", p->zTestcase);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "testcase-%s ok\n", p->zTestcase);
       p->nCheck++;
     }
     sqlite3_free(zRes);
@@ -8271,9 +8526,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           zFile = "(temporary-file)";
         }
         if( p->pAuxDb == &p->aAuxDb[i] ){
-          sputf(stdout, "ACTIVE %d: %s\n", i, zFile);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "ACTIVE %d: %s\n", i, zFile);
         }else if( p->aAuxDb[i].db!=0 ){
-          sputf(stdout, "       %d: %s\n", i, zFile);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "       %d: %s\n", i, zFile);
         }
       }
     }else if( nArg==2 && IsDigit(azArg[1][0]) && azArg[1][1]==0 ){
@@ -8304,19 +8559,21 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
   }else
 
   if( c=='c' && n==4 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "crnl", n)==0 ){
+#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_ONLY) \
+                     || defined(SQLITE_U8TEXT_STDIO)
+    sqlite3_fputs("The \".crnl\" command is disable in this build.\n", p->out);
+#else
     if( nArg==2 ){
       if( booleanValue(azArg[1]) ){
-        setTextMode(p->out, 1);
+        sqlite3_fsetmode(p->out, _O_TEXT);
       }else{
-        setBinaryMode(p->out, 1);
+        sqlite3_fsetmode(p->out, _O_BINARY);
       }
     }else{
-#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
-      eputz("The \".crnl\" is a no-op on non-Windows machines.\n");
-#endif
       eputz("Usage: .crnl on|off\n");
       rc = 1;
     }
+#endif
   }else
 
   if( c=='d' && n>1 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "databases", n)==0 ){
@@ -8346,7 +8603,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       int eTxn = sqlite3_txn_state(p->db, azName[i*2]);
       int bRdonly = sqlite3_db_readonly(p->db, azName[i*2]);
       const char *z = azName[i*2+1];
-      oputf("%s: %s %s%s\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s: %s %s%s\n",
             azName[i*2], z && z[0] ? z : "\"\"", bRdonly ? "r/o" : "r/w",
             eTxn==SQLITE_TXN_NONE ? "" :
             eTxn==SQLITE_TXN_READ ? " read-txn" : " write-txn");
@@ -8388,11 +8645,12 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, booleanValue(azArg[2]), 0);
       }
       sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, -1, &v);
-      oputf("%19s %s\n", aDbConfig[ii].zName, v ? "on" : "off");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%19s %s\n",
+                      aDbConfig[ii].zName, v ? "on" : "off");
       if( nArg>1 ) break;
     }
     if( nArg>1 && ii==ArraySize(aDbConfig) ){
-      eputf("Error: unknown dbconfig \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unknown dbconfig \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
       eputz("Enter \".dbconfig\" with no arguments for a list\n");
     }
   }else
@@ -8442,7 +8700,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_DumpNoSys);
         }else
         {
-          eputf("Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+               "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
           rc = 1;
           sqlite3_free(zLike);
           goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -8477,8 +8736,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       /* When playing back a "dump", the content might appear in an order
       ** which causes immediate foreign key constraints to be violated.
       ** So disable foreign-key constraint enforcement to prevent problems. */
-      oputz("PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n");
-      oputz("BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n", p->out);
+      sqlite3_fputs("BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n", p->out);
     }
     p->writableSchema = 0;
     p->showHeader = 0;
@@ -8510,13 +8769,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     }
     sqlite3_free(zLike);
     if( p->writableSchema ){
-      oputz("PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n", p->out);
       p->writableSchema = 0;
     }
     sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;", 0, 0, 0);
     sqlite3_exec(p->db, "RELEASE dump;", 0, 0, 0);
     if( (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_DumpDataOnly)==0 ){
-      oputz(p->nErr?"ROLLBACK; -- due to errors\n":"COMMIT;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs(p->nErr?"ROLLBACK; -- due to errors\n":"COMMIT;\n", p->out);
     }
     p->showHeader = savedShowHeader;
     p->shellFlgs = savedShellFlags;
@@ -8596,7 +8855,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "expert", n)==0 ){
     if( p->bSafeMode ){
-      eputf("Cannot run experimental commands such as \"%s\" in safe mode\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+            "Cannot run experimental commands such as \"%s\" in safe mode\n",
             azArg[0]);
       rc = 1;
     }else{
@@ -8653,9 +8913,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 
     /* --help lists all file-controls */
     if( cli_strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
-      oputz("Available file-controls:\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("Available file-controls:\n", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
-        oputf("  .filectrl %s %s\n", aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+               "  .filectrl %s %s\n", aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
       }
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -8670,7 +8931,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           filectrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
           iCtrl = i;
         }else{
-          eputf("Error: ambiguous file-control: \"%s\"\n"
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: ambiguous file-control: \"%s\"\n"
                 "Use \".filectrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -8678,7 +8939,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
     }
     if( filectrl<0 ){
-      eputf("Error: unknown file-control: %s\n"
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unknown file-control: %s\n"
             "Use \".filectrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
     }else{
       switch(filectrl){
@@ -8722,7 +8983,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           if( nArg!=2 ) break;
           sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zSchema, filectrl, &z);
           if( z ){
-            oputf("%s\n", z);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", z);
             sqlite3_free(z);
           }
           isOk = 2;
@@ -8736,19 +8997,20 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           }
           x = -1;
           sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zSchema, filectrl, &x);
-          oputf("%d\n", x);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d\n", x);
           isOk = 2;
           break;
         }
       }
     }
     if( isOk==0 && iCtrl>=0 ){
-      oputf("Usage: .filectrl %s %s\n", zCmd,aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Usage: .filectrl %s %s\n",
+                      zCmd, aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
       rc = 1;
     }else if( isOk==1 ){
       char zBuf[100];
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%lld", iRes);
-      oputf("%s\n", zBuf);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zBuf);
     }
   }else
 
@@ -8789,15 +9051,15 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
     }
     if( doStats==0 ){
-      oputz("/* No STAT tables available */\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("/* No STAT tables available */\n", p->out);
     }else{
-      oputz("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n", p->out);
       data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Insert;
       data.zDestTable = "sqlite_stat1";
       shell_exec(&data, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_stat1", 0);
       data.zDestTable = "sqlite_stat4";
       shell_exec(&data, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_stat4", 0);
-      oputz("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n", p->out);
     }
   }else
 
@@ -8815,7 +9077,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     if( nArg>=2 ){
       n = showHelp(p->out, azArg[1]);
       if( n==0 ){
-        oputf("Nothing matches '%s'\n", azArg[1]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Nothing matches '%s'\n", azArg[1]);
       }
     }else{
       showHelp(p->out, 0);
@@ -8858,7 +9120,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         }else if( zTable==0 ){
           zTable = z;
         }else{
-          oputf("ERROR: extra argument: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", z);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "ERROR: extra argument: \"%s\". Usage:\n",z);
           showHelp(p->out, "import");
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
@@ -8879,13 +9141,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         xRead = csv_read_one_field;
         useOutputMode = 0;
       }else{
-        oputf("ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", z);
         showHelp(p->out, "import");
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
     }
     if( zTable==0 ){
-      oputf("ERROR: missing %s argument. Usage:\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "ERROR: missing %s argument. Usage:\n",
             zFile==0 ? "FILE" : "TABLE");
       showHelp(p->out, "import");
       goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -8935,28 +9197,28 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       eputz("Error: pipes are not supported in this OS\n");
       goto meta_command_exit;
 #else
-      sCtx.in = popen(sCtx.zFile+1, "r");
+      sCtx.in = sqlite3_popen(sCtx.zFile+1, "r");
       sCtx.zFile = "<pipe>";
       sCtx.xCloser = pclose;
 #endif
     }else{
-      sCtx.in = fopen(sCtx.zFile, "rb");
+      sCtx.in = sqlite3_fopen(sCtx.zFile, "rb");
       sCtx.xCloser = fclose;
     }
     if( sCtx.in==0 ){
-      eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
     if( eVerbose>=2 || (eVerbose>=1 && useOutputMode) ){
       char zSep[2];
       zSep[1] = 0;
       zSep[0] = sCtx.cColSep;
-      oputz("Column separator ");
-      output_c_string(zSep);
-      oputz(", row separator ");
+      sqlite3_fputs("Column separator ", p->out);
+      output_c_string(p->out, zSep);
+      sqlite3_fputs(", row separator ", p->out);
       zSep[0] = sCtx.cRowSep;
-      output_c_string(zSep);
-      oputz("\n");
+      output_c_string(p->out, zSep);
+      sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
     }
     sCtx.z = sqlite3_malloc64(120);
     if( sCtx.z==0 ){
@@ -8981,14 +9243,14 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
       zColDefs = zAutoColumn(0, &dbCols, &zRenames);
       if( zRenames!=0 ){
-        sputf((stdin_is_interactive && p->in==stdin)? p->out : stderr,
+        sqlite3_fprintf((stdin_is_interactive && p->in==stdin)? p->out : stderr,
               "Columns renamed during .import %s due to duplicates:\n"
               "%s\n", sCtx.zFile, zRenames);
         sqlite3_free(zRenames);
       }
       assert(dbCols==0);
       if( zColDefs==0 ){
-        eputf("%s: empty file\n", sCtx.zFile);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s: empty file\n", sCtx.zFile);
         import_cleanup(&sCtx);
         rc = 1;
         sqlite3_free(zCreate);
@@ -9000,13 +9262,16 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         shell_out_of_memory();
       }
       if( eVerbose>=1 ){
-        oputf("%s\n", zCreate);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zCreate);
       }
       rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zCreate, 0, 0, 0);
+      if( rc ){
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+             "%s failed:\n%s\n", zCreate, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      }
       sqlite3_free(zCreate);
       zCreate = 0;
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("%s failed:\n%s\n", zCreate, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
         import_cleanup(&sCtx);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -9061,7 +9326,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     zSql[j] = 0;
     assert( j<nByte );
     if( eVerbose>=2 ){
-      oputf("Insert using: %s\n", zSql);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Insert using: %s\n", zSql);
     }
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
@@ -9100,7 +9365,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         }
         sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, i+1, z, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
         if( i<nCol-1 && sCtx.cTerm!=sCtx.cColSep ){
-          eputf("%s:%d: expected %d columns but found %d"
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d: expected %d columns but found %d"
                 " - filling the rest with NULL\n",
                 sCtx.zFile, startLine, nCol, i+1);
           i += 2;
@@ -9112,14 +9377,15 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           xRead(&sCtx);
           i++;
         }while( sCtx.cTerm==sCtx.cColSep );
-        eputf("%s:%d: expected %d columns but found %d - extras ignored\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+              "%s:%d: expected %d columns but found %d - extras ignored\n",
               sCtx.zFile, startLine, nCol, i);
       }
       if( i>=nCol ){
         sqlite3_step(pStmt);
         rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          eputf("%s:%d: INSERT failed: %s\n",
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d: INSERT failed: %s\n",
                 sCtx.zFile, startLine, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
           sCtx.nErr++;
         }else{
@@ -9132,7 +9398,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     if( needCommit ) sqlite3_exec(p->db, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
     if( eVerbose>0 ){
-      oputf("Added %d rows with %d errors using %d lines of input\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+            "Added %d rows with %d errors using %d lines of input\n",
             sCtx.nRow, sCtx.nErr, sCtx.nLine-1);
     }
   }else
@@ -9148,7 +9415,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     int lenPK = 0; /* Length of the PRIMARY KEY string for isWO tables */
     int i;
     if( !ShellHasFlag(p,SHFLG_TestingMode) ){
-      eputf(".%s unavailable without --unsafe-testing\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,".%s unavailable without --unsafe-testing\n",
             "imposter");
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -9214,7 +9481,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     if( i==0 || tnum==0 ){
-      eputf("no such index: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"no such index: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
       rc = 1;
       sqlite3_free(zCollist);
       goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -9229,14 +9496,16 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
       sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->db, "main", 0, 0);
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("Error in [%s]: %s\n", zSql, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+              "Error in [%s]: %s\n", zSql, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
       }else{
-        sputf(stdout, "%s;\n", zSql);
-        sputf(stdout, "WARNING: writing to an imposter table will corrupt"
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%s;\n", zSql);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stdout,
+              "WARNING: writing to an imposter table will corrupt"
               " the \"%s\" %s!\n", azArg[1], isWO ? "table" : "index");
       }
     }else{
-      eputf("SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER returns %d\n", rc);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER returns %d\n", rc);
       rc = 1;
     }
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
@@ -9250,7 +9519,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       if( iArg==0 ) iArg = -1;
     }
     if( (nArg!=1 && nArg!=2) || iArg<0 ){
-      eputf("%s","Usage: .intck STEPS_PER_UNLOCK\n");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s","Usage: .intck STEPS_PER_UNLOCK\n");
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
@@ -9269,9 +9538,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
       iotrace = stdout;
     }else{
-      iotrace = fopen(azArg[1], "w");
+      iotrace = sqlite3_fopen(azArg[1], "w");
       if( iotrace==0 ){
-        eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
         sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
         rc = 1;
       }else{
@@ -9303,7 +9572,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     open_db(p, 0);
     if( nArg==1 ){
       for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aLimit); i++){
-        sputf(stdout, "%20s %d\n", aLimit[i].zLimitName,
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%20s %d\n", aLimit[i].zLimitName,
               sqlite3_limit(p->db, aLimit[i].limitCode, -1));
       }
     }else if( nArg>3 ){
@@ -9318,14 +9587,14 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           if( iLimit<0 ){
             iLimit = i;
           }else{
-            eputf("ambiguous limit: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"ambiguous limit: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
             rc = 1;
             goto meta_command_exit;
           }
         }
       }
       if( iLimit<0 ){
-        eputf("unknown limit: \"%s\"\n"
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unknown limit: \"%s\"\n"
               "enter \".limits\" with no arguments for a list.\n",
               azArg[1]);
         rc = 1;
@@ -9335,7 +9604,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         sqlite3_limit(p->db, aLimit[iLimit].limitCode,
                       (int)integerValue(azArg[2]));
       }
-      sputf(stdout, "%20s %d\n", aLimit[iLimit].zLimitName,
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%20s %d\n", aLimit[iLimit].zLimitName,
             sqlite3_limit(p->db, aLimit[iLimit].limitCode, -1));
     }
   }else
@@ -9418,7 +9687,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }else if( zTabname==0 ){
         zTabname = z;
       }else if( z[0]=='-' ){
-        eputf("unknown option: %s\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unknown option: %s\n", z);
         eputz("options:\n"
               "  --noquote\n"
               "  --quote\n"
@@ -9428,7 +9697,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else{
-        eputf("extra argument: \"%s\"\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"extra argument: \"%s\"\n", z);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
@@ -9437,12 +9706,14 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       if( p->mode==MODE_Column
        || (p->mode>=MODE_Markdown && p->mode<=MODE_Box)
       ){
-        oputf("current output mode: %s --wrap %d --wordwrap %s --%squote\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+              "current output mode: %s --wrap %d --wordwrap %s --%squote\n",
               modeDescr[p->mode], p->cmOpts.iWrap,
               p->cmOpts.bWordWrap ? "on" : "off",
               p->cmOpts.bQuote ? "" : "no");
       }else{
-        oputf("current output mode: %s\n", modeDescr[p->mode]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+              "current output mode: %s\n", modeDescr[p->mode]);
       }
       zMode = modeDescr[p->mode];
     }
@@ -9515,7 +9786,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       eputz("Usage: .nonce NONCE\n");
       rc = 1;
     }else if( p->zNonce==0 || cli_strcmp(azArg[1],p->zNonce)!=0 ){
-      eputf("line %d: incorrect nonce: \"%s\"\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"line %d: incorrect nonce: \"%s\"\n",
             p->lineno, azArg[1]);
       exit(1);
     }else{
@@ -9570,11 +9841,11 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }else
 #endif /* !SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE */
       if( z[0]=='-' ){
-        eputf("unknown option: %s\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"unknown option: %s\n", z);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else if( zFN ){
-        eputf("extra argument: \"%s\"\n", z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"extra argument: \"%s\"\n", z);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else{
@@ -9616,7 +9887,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename = zNewFilename;
       open_db(p, OPEN_DB_KEEPALIVE);
       if( p->db==0 ){
-        eputf("Error: cannot open '%s'\n", zNewFilename);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open '%s'\n", zNewFilename);
         sqlite3_free(zNewFilename);
       }else{
         p->pAuxDb->zFreeOnClose = zNewFilename;
@@ -9634,12 +9905,14 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         && (cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0
             || cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
    || (c=='e' && n==5 && cli_strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
+   || (c=='w' && n==3 && cli_strcmp(azArg[0],"www")==0)
   ){
     char *zFile = 0;
     int bTxtMode = 0;
     int i;
     int eMode = 0;
-    int bOnce = 0;            /* 0: .output, 1: .once, 2: .excel */
+    int bOnce = 0;            /* 0: .output, 1: .once, 2: .excel/.www */
+    int bPlain = 0;           /* --plain option */
     static const char *zBomUtf8 = "\xef\xbb\xbf";
     const char *zBom = 0;
 
@@ -9647,6 +9920,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     if( c=='e' ){
       eMode = 'x';
       bOnce = 2;
+    }else if( c=='w' ){
+      eMode = 'w';
+      bOnce = 2;
     }else if( cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"once",n)==0 ){
       bOnce = 1;
     }
@@ -9656,24 +9932,30 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
         if( cli_strcmp(z,"-bom")==0 ){
           zBom = zBomUtf8;
-        }else if( c!='e' && cli_strcmp(z,"-x")==0 ){
+        }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-plain")==0 ){
+          bPlain = 1;
+        }else if( c=='o' && cli_strcmp(z,"-x")==0 ){
           eMode = 'x';  /* spreadsheet */
-        }else if( c!='e' && cli_strcmp(z,"-e")==0 ){
+        }else if( c=='o' && cli_strcmp(z,"-e")==0 ){
           eMode = 'e';  /* text editor */
+        }else if( c=='o' && cli_strcmp(z,"-w")==0 ){
+          eMode = 'w';  /* Web browser */
         }else{
-          oputf("ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", azArg[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, 
+                          "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\". Usage:\n", azArg[i]);
           showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
-      }else if( zFile==0 && eMode!='e' && eMode!='x' ){
+      }else if( zFile==0 && eMode==0 ){
         zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", z);
         if( zFile && zFile[0]=='|' ){
           while( i+1<nArg ) zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%z %s", zFile, azArg[++i]);
           break;
         }
       }else{
-        oputf("ERROR: extra parameter: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", azArg[i]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+            "ERROR: extra parameter: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", azArg[i]);
         showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
         rc = 1;
         sqlite3_free(zFile);
@@ -9690,7 +9972,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     }
     output_reset(p);
 #ifndef SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM
-    if( eMode=='e' || eMode=='x' ){
+    if( eMode=='e' || eMode=='x' || eMode=='w' ){
       p->doXdgOpen = 1;
       outputModePush(p);
       if( eMode=='x' ){
@@ -9700,6 +9982,15 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         p->mode = MODE_Csv;
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        zBom = zBomUtf8;  /* Always include the BOM on Windows, as Excel does
+                          ** not work without it. */
+#endif
+      }else if( eMode=='w' ){
+        /* web-browser mode. */
+        newTempFile(p, "html");
+        if( !bPlain ) p->mode = MODE_Www;
+        bTxtMode = 1;
       }else{
         /* text editor mode */
         newTempFile(p, "txt");
@@ -9716,13 +10007,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = 1;
       output_redir(p, stdout);
 #else
-      FILE *pfPipe = popen(zFile + 1, "w");
+      FILE *pfPipe = sqlite3_popen(zFile + 1, "w");
       if( pfPipe==0 ){
-        eputf("Error: cannot open pipe \"%s\"\n", zFile + 1);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open pipe \"%s\"\n", zFile + 1);
         rc = 1;
       }else{
         output_redir(p, pfPipe);
-        if( zBom ) oputz(zBom);
+        if( zBom ) sqlite3_fputs(zBom, pfPipe);
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
       }
 #endif
@@ -9730,12 +10021,18 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       FILE *pfFile = output_file_open(zFile, bTxtMode);
       if( pfFile==0 ){
         if( cli_strcmp(zFile,"off")!=0 ){
-          eputf("Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
         }
         rc = 1;
       } else {
         output_redir(p, pfFile);
-        if( zBom ) oputz(zBom);
+        if( bPlain && eMode=='w' ){
+          sqlite3_fputs(
+            "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<BODY>\n<PLAINTEXT>\n",
+            pfFile
+          );
+        }
+        if( zBom ) sqlite3_fputs(zBom, pfFile);
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
       }
     }
@@ -9776,7 +10073,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
              "SELECT key, quote(value) "
              "FROM temp.sqlite_parameters;", -1, &pStmt, 0);
         while( rx==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
-          oputf("%-*s %s\n", len, sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0),
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+                "%-*s %s\n", len, sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0),
                 sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,1));
         }
         sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
@@ -9821,7 +10119,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         rx = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
         sqlite3_free(zSql);
         if( rx!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          oputf("Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
           sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
           pStmt = 0;
           rc = 1;
@@ -9850,10 +10148,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
   if( c=='p' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "print", n)==0 ){
     int i;
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
-      if( i>1 ) oputz(" ");
-      oputz(azArg[i]);
+      if( i>1 ) sqlite3_fputs(" ", p->out);
+      sqlite3_fputs(azArg[i], p->out);
     }
-    oputz("\n");
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
   }else
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
@@ -9890,7 +10188,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           }
           continue;
         }
-        eputf("Error: unknown option: \"%s\"\n", azArg[i]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unknown option: \"%s\"\n", azArg[i]);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else{
@@ -9933,9 +10231,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = 1;
       p->out = stdout;
 #else
-      p->in = popen(azArg[1]+1, "r");
+      p->in = sqlite3_popen(azArg[1]+1, "r");
       if( p->in==0 ){
-        eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
         rc = 1;
       }else{
         rc = process_input(p);
@@ -9943,7 +10241,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
 #endif
     }else if( (p->in = openChrSource(azArg[1]))==0 ){
-      eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
       rc = 1;
     }else{
       rc = process_input(p);
@@ -9976,7 +10274,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     }
     rc = sqlite3_open(zSrcFile, &pSrc);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      eputf("Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zSrcFile);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zSrcFile);
       close_db(pSrc);
       return 1;
     }
@@ -10059,7 +10357,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }else if( optionMatch(azArg[ii],"nosys") ){
         bNoSystemTabs = 1;
       }else if( azArg[ii][0]=='-' ){
-        eputf("Unknown option: \"%s\"\n", azArg[ii]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Unknown option: \"%s\"\n", azArg[ii]);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else if( zName==0 ){
@@ -10160,7 +10458,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       appendText(&sSelect, "sql IS NOT NULL"
                            " ORDER BY snum, rowid", 0);
       if( bDebug ){
-        oputf("SQL: %s;\n", sSelect.z);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "SQL: %s;\n", sSelect.z);
       }else{
         rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, sSelect.z, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
       }
@@ -10221,7 +10519,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }else{
         rc = sqlite3session_attach(pSession->p, azCmd[1]);
         if( rc ){
-          eputf("ERROR: sqlite3session_attach() returns %d\n",rc);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+               "ERROR: sqlite3session_attach() returns %d\n",rc);
           rc = 0;
         }
       }
@@ -10238,9 +10537,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run \".session %s\" in safe mode", azCmd[0]);
       if( nCmd!=2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
       if( pSession->p==0 ) goto session_not_open;
-      out = fopen(azCmd[1], "wb");
+      out = sqlite3_fopen(azCmd[1], "wb");
       if( out==0 ){
-        eputf("ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing\n",
               azCmd[1]);
       }else{
         int szChng;
@@ -10251,12 +10550,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           rc = sqlite3session_patchset(pSession->p, &szChng, &pChng);
         }
         if( rc ){
-          sputf(stdout, "Error: error code %d\n", rc);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "Error: error code %d\n", rc);
           rc = 0;
         }
         if( pChng
           && fwrite(pChng, szChng, 1, out)!=1 ){
-          eputf("ERROR: Failed to write entire %d-byte output\n", szChng);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+              "ERROR: Failed to write entire %d-byte output\n", szChng);
         }
         sqlite3_free(pChng);
         fclose(out);
@@ -10283,7 +10583,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       ii = nCmd==1 ? -1 : booleanValue(azCmd[1]);
       if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
         ii = sqlite3session_enable(pSession->p, ii);
-        oputf("session %s enable flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+            "session %s enable flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
       }
     }else
 
@@ -10318,7 +10619,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       ii = nCmd==1 ? -1 : booleanValue(azCmd[1]);
       if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
         ii = sqlite3session_indirect(pSession->p, ii);
-        oputf("session %s indirect flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+            "session %s indirect flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
       }
     }else
 
@@ -10330,7 +10632,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       if( nCmd!=1 ) goto session_syntax_error;
       if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
         ii = sqlite3session_isempty(pSession->p);
-        oputf("session %s isempty flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+             "session %s isempty flag = %d\n", pSession->zName, ii);
       }
     }else
 
@@ -10339,7 +10642,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     */
     if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"list")==0 ){
       for(i=0; i<pAuxDb->nSession; i++){
-        oputf("%d %s\n", i, pAuxDb->aSession[i].zName);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d %s\n", i, pAuxDb->aSession[i].zName);
       }
     }else
 
@@ -10354,18 +10657,19 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       if( zName[0]==0 ) goto session_syntax_error;
       for(i=0; i<pAuxDb->nSession; i++){
         if( cli_strcmp(pAuxDb->aSession[i].zName,zName)==0 ){
-          eputf("Session \"%s\" already exists\n", zName);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Session \"%s\" already exists\n", zName);
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
       }
       if( pAuxDb->nSession>=ArraySize(pAuxDb->aSession) ){
-        eputf("Maximum of %d sessions\n", ArraySize(pAuxDb->aSession));
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+           "Maximum of %d sessions\n", ArraySize(pAuxDb->aSession));
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
       pSession = &pAuxDb->aSession[pAuxDb->nSession];
       rc = sqlite3session_create(p->db, azCmd[1], &pSession->p);
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("Cannot open session: error code=%d\n", rc);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Cannot open session: error code=%d\n", rc);
         rc = 0;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
@@ -10389,7 +10693,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       int i, v;
       for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
         v = booleanValue(azArg[i]);
-        oputf("%s: %d 0x%x\n", azArg[i], v, v);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s: %d 0x%x\n", azArg[i], v, v);
       }
     }
     if( cli_strncmp(azArg[0]+9, "integer", n-9)==0 ){
@@ -10398,7 +10702,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         char zBuf[200];
         v = integerValue(azArg[i]);
         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"%s: %lld 0x%llx\n", azArg[i],v,v);
-        oputz(zBuf);
+        sqlite3_fputs(zBuf, p->out);
       }
     }
   }else
@@ -10425,8 +10729,9 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         bVerbose++;
       }else
       {
-        eputf("Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n", azArg[i], azArg[0]);
-        eputz("Should be one of: --init -v\n");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+              "Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n", azArg[i], azArg[0]);
+        sqlite3_fputs("Should be one of: --init -v\n", stderr);
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
@@ -10471,10 +10776,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         if( zAns==0 ) continue;
         k = 0;
         if( bVerbose>0 ){
-          sputf(stdout, "%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
         }
         if( cli_strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
-          oputf("%s\n", zSql);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
         }else
         if( cli_strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
           char *zErrMsg = 0;
@@ -10483,22 +10788,23 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
           nTest++;
           if( bVerbose ){
-            oputf("Result: %s\n", str.z);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
           }
           if( rc || zErrMsg ){
             nErr++;
             rc = 1;
-            oputf("%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc,zErrMsg);
             sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
           }else if( cli_strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
             nErr++;
             rc = 1;
-            oputf("%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
-            oputf("%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
           }
         }
         else{
-          eputf("Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
           rc = 1;
           break;
         }
@@ -10506,7 +10812,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     } /* End loop over k */
     freeText(&str);
-    oputf("%d errors out of %d tests\n", nErr, nTest);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d errors out of %d tests\n", nErr, nTest);
   }else
 
   if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "separator", n)==0 ){
@@ -10554,7 +10860,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           bDebug = 1;
         }else
         {
-          eputf("Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n", azArg[i], azArg[0]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                  "Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n", azArg[i], azArg[0]);
           showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -10632,7 +10939,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     freeText(&sQuery);
     freeText(&sSql);
     if( bDebug ){
-      oputf("%s\n", zSql);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
     }else{
       shell_exec(p, zSql, 0);
     }
@@ -10662,7 +10969,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           "' OR ') as query, tname from tabcols group by tname)"
           , zRevText);
       shell_check_oom(zRevText);
-      if( bDebug ) oputf("%s\n", zRevText);
+      if( bDebug ) sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zRevText);
       lrc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zRevText, -1, &pStmt, 0);
       if( lrc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         /* assert(lrc==SQLITE_NOMEM); // might also be SQLITE_ERROR if the
@@ -10675,7 +10982,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           const char *zGenQuery = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0);
           sqlite3_stmt *pCheckStmt;
           lrc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zGenQuery, -1, &pCheckStmt, 0);
-          if( bDebug ) oputf("%s\n", zGenQuery);
+          if( bDebug ) sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zGenQuery);
           if( lrc!=SQLITE_OK ){
             rc = 1;
           }else{
@@ -10683,7 +10990,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
               double countIrreversible = sqlite3_column_double(pCheckStmt, 0);
               if( countIrreversible>0 ){
                 int sz = (int)(countIrreversible + 0.5);
-                eputf("Digest includes %d invalidly encoded text field%s.\n",
+                sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                      "Digest includes %d invalidly encoded text field%s.\n",
                       sz, (sz>1)? "s": "");
               }
             }
@@ -10717,11 +11025,11 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf(strchr(azArg[i],' ')==0?"%z %s":"%z \"%s\"",
                              zCmd, azArg[i]);
     }
-    consoleRestore();
+    /*consoleRestore();*/
     x = zCmd!=0 ? system(zCmd) : 1;
-    consoleRenewSetup();
+    /*consoleRenewSetup();*/
     sqlite3_free(zCmd);
-    if( x ) eputf("System command returns %d\n", x);
+    if( x ) sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"System command returns %d\n", x);
   }else
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM) && !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */
 
@@ -10734,46 +11042,48 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","echo",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","echo",
           azBool[ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo)]);
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","eqp", azBool[p->autoEQP&3]);
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","explain",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","eqp", azBool[p->autoEQP&3]);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","explain",
           p->mode==MODE_Explain ? "on" : p->autoExplain ? "auto" : "off");
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","headers", azBool[p->showHeader!=0]);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","headers",
+          azBool[p->showHeader!=0]);
     if( p->mode==MODE_Column
      || (p->mode>=MODE_Markdown && p->mode<=MODE_Box)
     ){
-      oputf("%12.12s: %s --wrap %d --wordwrap %s --%squote\n", "mode",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+            "%12.12s: %s --wrap %d --wordwrap %s --%squote\n", "mode",
             modeDescr[p->mode], p->cmOpts.iWrap,
             p->cmOpts.bWordWrap ? "on" : "off",
             p->cmOpts.bQuote ? "" : "no");
     }else{
-      oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","mode", modeDescr[p->mode]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","mode", modeDescr[p->mode]);
     }
-    oputf("%12.12s: ", "nullvalue");
-    output_c_string(p->nullValue);
-    oputz("\n");
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","output",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: ", "nullvalue");
+    output_c_string(p->out, p->nullValue);
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","output",
           strlen30(p->outfile) ? p->outfile : "stdout");
-    oputf("%12.12s: ", "colseparator");
-     output_c_string(p->colSeparator);
-     oputz("\n");
-    oputf("%12.12s: ", "rowseparator");
-     output_c_string(p->rowSeparator);
-     oputz("\n");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: ", "colseparator");
+    output_c_string(p->out, p->colSeparator);
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: ", "rowseparator");
+    output_c_string(p->out, p->rowSeparator);
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
     switch( p->statsOn ){
       case 0:  zOut = "off";     break;
       default: zOut = "on";      break;
       case 2:  zOut = "stmt";    break;
       case 3:  zOut = "vmstep";  break;
     }
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n","stats", zOut);
-    oputf("%12.12s: ", "width");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n","stats", zOut);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: ", "width");
     for (i=0;i<p->nWidth;i++) {
-      oputf("%d ", p->colWidth[i]);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d ", p->colWidth[i]);
     }
-    oputz("\n");
-    oputf("%12.12s: %s\n", "filename",
+    sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n", "filename",
           p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename ? p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename : "");
   }else
 
@@ -10891,9 +11201,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       for(i=0; i<nPrintRow; i++){
         for(j=i; j<nRow; j+=nPrintRow){
           char *zSp = j<nPrintRow ? "" : "  ";
-          oputf("%s%-*s", zSp, maxlen, azResult[j] ? azResult[j]:"");
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+               "%s%-*s", zSp, maxlen, azResult[j] ? azResult[j]:"");
         }
-        oputz("\n");
+        sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
       }
     }
 
@@ -10969,10 +11280,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 
     /* --help lists all test-controls */
     if( cli_strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
-      oputz("Available test-controls:\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("Available test-controls:\n", p->out);
       for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
         if( aCtrl[i].unSafe && !ShellHasFlag(p,SHFLG_TestingMode) ) continue;
-        oputf("  .testctrl %s %s\n",
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "  .testctrl %s %s\n",
               aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
       }
       rc = 1;
@@ -10989,7 +11300,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           testctrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
           iCtrl = i;
         }else{
-          eputf("Error: ambiguous test-control: \"%s\"\n"
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: ambiguous test-control: \"%s\"\n"
                 "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
@@ -10997,7 +11308,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
     }
     if( testctrl<0 ){
-      eputf("Error: unknown test-control: %s\n"
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unknown test-control: %s\n"
             "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
     }else{
       switch(testctrl){
@@ -11073,12 +11384,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
                 if( sqlite3_stricmp(zLabel, aLabel[jj].zLabel)==0 ) break;
               }
               if( jj>=ArraySize(aLabel) ){
-                eputf("Error: no such optimization: \"%s\"\n", zLabel);
-                eputz("Should be one of:");
+                sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                    "Error: no such optimization: \"%s\"\n", zLabel);
+                sqlite3_fputs("Should be one of:", stderr);
                 for(jj=0; jj<ArraySize(aLabel); jj++){
-                  eputf(" %s", aLabel[jj].zLabel);
+                  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr," %s", aLabel[jj].zLabel);
                 }
-                eputz("\n");
+                sqlite3_fputs("\n", stderr);
                 rc = 1;
                 goto meta_command_exit;
               }
@@ -11095,16 +11407,16 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
             curOpt = ~newOpt;
           }
           if( newOpt==0 ){
-            oputz("+All\n");
+            sqlite3_fputs("+All\n", p->out);
           }else if( newOpt==0xffffffff ){
-            oputz("-All\n");
+            sqlite3_fputs("-All\n", p->out);
           }else{
             int jj;
             for(jj=0; jj<ArraySize(aLabel); jj++){
               unsigned int m = aLabel[jj].mask;
               if( !aLabel[jj].bDsply  ) continue;
               if( (curOpt&m)!=(newOpt&m) ){
-                oputf("%c%s\n", (newOpt & m)==0 ? '+' : '-',
+                sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%c%s\n", (newOpt & m)==0 ? '+' : '-',
                       aLabel[jj].zLabel);
               }
             }
@@ -11148,7 +11460,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
             sqlite3 *db;
             if( ii==0 && cli_strcmp(azArg[2],"random")==0 ){
               sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(ii),&ii);
-              sputf(stdout, "-- random seed: %d\n", ii);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "-- random seed: %d\n", ii);
             }
             if( nArg==3 ){
               db = 0;
@@ -11216,7 +11528,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT: {
           u64 x = 0;
           rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->db, &x);
-          oputf("%llu\n", x);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%llu\n", x);
           isOk = 3;
           break;
         }
@@ -11247,11 +11559,11 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
               int val = 0;
               rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, -id, &val);
               if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-              if( id>1 ) oputz("  ");
-              oputf("%d: %d", id, val);
+              if( id>1 ) sqlite3_fputs("  ", p->out);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d: %d", id, val);
               id++;
             }
-            if( id>1 ) oputz("\n");
+            if( id>1 ) sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
             isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
@@ -11293,14 +11605,22 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
               faultsim_state.nHit = 0;
               sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, faultsim_callback);
             }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"status")==0 ){
-              oputf("faultsim.iId:       %d\n", faultsim_state.iId);
-              oputf("faultsim.iErr:      %d\n", faultsim_state.iErr);
-              oputf("faultsim.iCnt:      %d\n", faultsim_state.iCnt);
-              oputf("faultsim.nHit:      %d\n", faultsim_state.nHit);
-              oputf("faultsim.iInterval: %d\n", faultsim_state.iInterval);
-              oputf("faultsim.eVerbose:  %d\n", faultsim_state.eVerbose);
-              oputf("faultsim.nRepeat:   %d\n", faultsim_state.nRepeat);
-              oputf("faultsim.nSkip:     %d\n", faultsim_state.nSkip);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.iId:       %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.iId);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.iErr:      %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.iErr);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.iCnt:      %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.iCnt);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.nHit:      %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.nHit);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.iInterval: %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.iInterval);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.eVerbose:  %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.eVerbose);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.nRepeat:   %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.nRepeat);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "faultsim.nSkip:     %d\n",
+                              faultsim_state.nSkip);
             }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-v")==0 ){
               if( faultsim_state.eVerbose<2 ) faultsim_state.eVerbose++;
             }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-q")==0 ){
@@ -11318,7 +11638,8 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
             }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-?")==0 || sqlite3_strglob("*help*",z)==0){
               bShowHelp = 1;
             }else{
-              eputf("Unrecognized fault_install argument: \"%s\"\n",
+              sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                  "Unrecognized fault_install argument: \"%s\"\n",
                   azArg[kk]);
               rc = 1;
               bShowHelp = 1;
@@ -11326,7 +11647,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
             }
           }
           if( bShowHelp ){
-            oputz(
+            sqlite3_fputs(
                "Usage: .testctrl fault_install ARGS\n"
                "Possible arguments:\n"
                "   off               Disable faultsim\n"
@@ -11340,6 +11661,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
                "   --interval N      Trigger only after every N-th call\n"
                "   --repeat N        Turn off after N hits.  0 means never\n"
                "   --skip N          Skip the first N encounters\n"
+               ,p->out
             );
           }
           break;
@@ -11347,12 +11669,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
     }
     if( isOk==0 && iCtrl>=0 ){
-      oputf("Usage: .testctrl %s %s\n", zCmd,aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out,
+          "Usage: .testctrl %s %s\n", zCmd,aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
       rc = 1;
     }else if( isOk==1 ){
-      oputf("%d\n", rc2);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%d\n", rc2);
     }else if( isOk==2 ){
-      oputf("0x%08x\n", rc2);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "0x%08x\n", rc2);
     }
   }else
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
@@ -11407,7 +11730,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
           mType |= SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE;
         }
         else {
-          eputf("Unknown option \"%s\" on \".trace\"\n", z);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Unknown option \"%s\" on \".trace\"\n", z);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
@@ -11467,7 +11790,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3],
                                      strlen30(azArg[3]));
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
         rc = 1;
       }
     }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"add")==0 ){
@@ -11479,7 +11802,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                             booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
         rc = 1;
       }
     }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"edit")==0 ){
@@ -11491,7 +11814,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                               booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
         rc = 1;
       }
     }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"delete")==0 ){
@@ -11502,7 +11825,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       }
       rc = sqlite3_user_delete(p->db, azArg[2]);
       if( rc ){
-        eputf("User-Delete failed: %d\n", rc);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"User-Delete failed: %d\n", rc);
         rc = 1;
       }
     }else{
@@ -11515,21 +11838,21 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
 
   if( c=='v' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "version", n)==0 ){
     char *zPtrSz = sizeof(void*)==8 ? "64-bit" : "32-bit";
-    oputf("SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
           sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
 #if SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
-    oputf("zlib version %s\n", zlibVersion());
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "zlib version %s\n", zlibVersion());
 #endif
 #define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
 #define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
 #if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
-    oputf("clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
           CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
           CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__) " (%s)\n", zPtrSz);
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-    oputf("msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER) " (%s)\n", zPtrSz);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER) " (%s)\n", zPtrSz);
 #elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
-    oputf("gcc-" __VERSION__ " (%s)\n", zPtrSz);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "gcc-" __VERSION__ " (%s)\n", zPtrSz);
 #endif
   }else
 
@@ -11539,10 +11862,10 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     if( p->db ){
       sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDbName, SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER, &pVfs);
       if( pVfs ){
-        oputf("vfs.zName      = \"%s\"\n", pVfs->zName);
-        oputf("vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
-        oputf("vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
-        oputf("vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.zName      = \"%s\"\n", pVfs->zName);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
       }
     }
   }else
@@ -11554,13 +11877,13 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
       sqlite3_file_control(p->db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER, &pCurrent);
     }
     for(pVfs=sqlite3_vfs_find(0); pVfs; pVfs=pVfs->pNext){
-      oputf("vfs.zName      = \"%s\"%s\n", pVfs->zName,
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.zName      = \"%s\"%s\n", pVfs->zName,
             pVfs==pCurrent ? "  <--- CURRENT" : "");
-      oputf("vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
-      oputf("vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
-      oputf("vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
       if( pVfs->pNext ){
-        oputz("-----------------------------------\n");
+        sqlite3_fputs("-----------------------------------\n", p->out);
       }
     }
   }else
@@ -11571,7 +11894,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
     if( p->db ){
       sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDbName, SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME, &zVfsName);
       if( zVfsName ){
-        oputf("%s\n", zVfsName);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zVfsName);
         sqlite3_free(zVfsName);
       }
     }
@@ -11595,7 +11918,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, ShellState *p){
   }else
 
   {
-    eputf("Error: unknown command or invalid arguments: "
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unknown command or invalid arguments: "
           " \"%s\". Enter \".help\" for help\n", azArg[0]);
     rc = 1;
   }
@@ -11847,7 +12170,7 @@ static int runOneSqlLine(ShellState *p, char *zSql, FILE *in, int startline){
   if( p->flgProgress & SHELL_PROGRESS_RESET ) p->nProgress = 0;
   BEGIN_TIMER;
   rc = shell_exec(p, zSql, &zErrMsg);
-  END_TIMER;
+  END_TIMER(p->out);
   if( rc || zErrMsg ){
     char zPrefix[100];
     const char *zErrorTail;
@@ -11871,7 +12194,7 @@ static int runOneSqlLine(ShellState *p, char *zSql, FILE *in, int startline){
     }else{
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zPrefix), zPrefix, "%s:", zErrorType);
     }
-    eputf("%s %s\n", zPrefix, zErrorTail);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s %s\n", zPrefix, zErrorTail);
     sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
     zErrMsg = 0;
     return 1;
@@ -11880,7 +12203,7 @@ static int runOneSqlLine(ShellState *p, char *zSql, FILE *in, int startline){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLineBuf), zLineBuf,
             "changes: %lld   total_changes: %lld",
             sqlite3_changes64(p->db), sqlite3_total_changes64(p->db));
-    oputf("%s\n", zLineBuf);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zLineBuf);
   }
 
   if( doAutoDetectRestore(p, zSql) ) return 1;
@@ -11888,7 +12211,7 @@ static int runOneSqlLine(ShellState *p, char *zSql, FILE *in, int startline){
 }
 
 static void echo_group_input(ShellState *p, const char *zDo){
-  if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo) ) oputf("%s\n", zDo);
+  if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo) ) sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "%s\n", zDo);
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
@@ -11946,7 +12269,7 @@ static int process_input(ShellState *p){
 
   if( p->inputNesting==MAX_INPUT_NESTING ){
     /* This will be more informative in a later version. */
-    eputf("Input nesting limit (%d) reached at line %d."
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Input nesting limit (%d) reached at line %d."
           " Check recursion.\n", MAX_INPUT_NESTING, p->lineno);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -11958,7 +12281,7 @@ static int process_input(ShellState *p){
     zLine = one_input_line(p->in, zLine, nSql>0);
     if( zLine==0 ){
       /* End of input */
-      if( p->in==0 && stdin_is_interactive ) oputz("\n");
+      if( p->in==0 && stdin_is_interactive ) sqlite3_fputs("\n", p->out);
       break;
     }
     if( seenInterrupt ){
@@ -12178,15 +12501,15 @@ static void process_sqliterc(
     shell_check_oom(zBuf);
     sqliterc = zBuf;
   }
-  p->in = fopen(sqliterc,"rb");
+  p->in = sqlite3_fopen(sqliterc,"rb");
   if( p->in ){
     if( stdin_is_interactive ){
-      eputf("-- Loading resources from %s\n", sqliterc);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"-- Loading resources from %s\n", sqliterc);
     }
     if( process_input(p) && bail_on_error ) exit(1);
     fclose(p->in);
   }else if( sqliterc_override!=0 ){
-    eputf("cannot open: \"%s\"\n", sqliterc);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"cannot open: \"%s\"\n", sqliterc);
     if( bail_on_error ) exit(1);
   }
   p->in = inSaved;
@@ -12261,11 +12584,11 @@ static const char zOptions[] =
 #endif
 ;
 static void usage(int showDetail){
-  eputf("Usage: %s [OPTIONS] [FILENAME [SQL]]\n"
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s [OPTIONS] [FILENAME [SQL]]\n"
        "FILENAME is the name of an SQLite database. A new database is created\n"
        "if the file does not previously exist. Defaults to :memory:.\n", Argv0);
   if( showDetail ){
-    eputf("OPTIONS include:\n%s", zOptions);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"OPTIONS include:\n%s", zOptions);
   }else{
     eputz("Use the -help option for additional information\n");
   }
@@ -12325,7 +12648,7 @@ static void printBold(const char *zText){
 }
 #else
 static void printBold(const char *zText){
-  sputf(stdout, "\033[1m%s\033[0m", zText);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "\033[1m%s\033[0m", zText);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -12335,7 +12658,8 @@ static void printBold(const char *zText){
 */
 static char *cmdline_option_value(int argc, char **argv, int i){
   if( i==argc ){
-    eputf("%s: Error: missing argument to %s\n", argv[0], argv[argc-1]);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+            "%s: Error: missing argument to %s\n", argv[0], argv[argc-1]);
     exit(1);
   }
   return argv[i];
@@ -12372,7 +12696,6 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
 #  define data shellState
 #else
   ShellState data;
-  StreamsAreConsole consStreams = SAC_NoConsole;
 #endif
   const char *zInitFile = 0;
   int i;
@@ -12395,10 +12718,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
   stdout_is_console = 1;
   data.wasm.zDefaultDbName = "/fiddle.sqlite3";
 #else
-  consStreams = consoleClassifySetup(stdin, stdout, stderr);
-  stdin_is_interactive = (consStreams & SAC_InConsole)!=0;
-  stdout_is_console = (consStreams & SAC_OutConsole)!=0;
-  atexit(consoleRestore);
+  stdin_is_interactive = isatty(0);
+  stdout_is_console = isatty(1);
 #endif
   atexit(sayAbnormalExit);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -12407,9 +12728,15 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
 #if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
   if( getenv("SQLITE_DEBUG_BREAK") ){
     if( isatty(0) && isatty(2) ){
-      eputf("attach debugger to process %d and press any key to continue.\n",
+      char zLine[100];
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+            "attach debugger to process %d and press ENTER to continue...",
             GETPID());
-      fgetc(stdin);
+      if( sqlite3_fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), stdin)!=0
+       && cli_strcmp(zLine,"stop")==0
+      ){
+        exit(1);
+      }
     }else{
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
@@ -12434,7 +12761,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
 
 #if USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE+0!=1
   if( cli_strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,60)!=0 ){
-    eputf("SQLite header and source version mismatch\n%s\n%s\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+          "SQLite header and source version mismatch\n%s\n%s\n",
           sqlite3_sourceid(), SQLITE_SOURCE_ID);
     exit(1);
   }
@@ -12577,7 +12905,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
          default: sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED);    break;
       }
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-vfstrace")==0 ){
-      vfstrace_register("trace",0,(int(*)(const char*,void*))fputs,stderr,1);
+      vfstrace_register("trace",0,(int(*)(const char*,void*))sqlite3_fputs,
+                        stderr,1);
       bEnableVfstrace = 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-multiplex")==0 ){
@@ -12658,7 +12987,7 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
     if( pVfs ){
       sqlite3_vfs_register(pVfs, 1);
     }else{
-      eputf("no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", zVfs);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", zVfs);
       exit(1);
     }
   }
@@ -12668,7 +12997,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
     data.pAuxDb->zDbFilename = ":memory:";
     warnInmemoryDb = argc==1;
 #else
-    eputf("%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                    "%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
     return 1;
 #endif
   }
@@ -12785,7 +13115,7 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-bail")==0 ){
       /* No-op.  The bail_on_error flag should already be set. */
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-version")==0 ){
-      sputf(stdout, "%s %s (%d-bit)\n",
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%s %s (%d-bit)\n",
             sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid(), 8*(int)sizeof(char*));
       return 0;
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-interactive")==0 ){
@@ -12848,14 +13178,14 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
           shellEmitError(zErrMsg);
           if( bail_on_error ) return rc!=0 ? rc : 1;
         }else if( rc!=0 ){
-          eputf("Error: unable to process SQL \"%s\"\n", z);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to process SQL \"%s\"\n", z);
           if( bail_on_error ) return rc;
         }
       }
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
     }else if( cli_strncmp(z, "-A", 2)==0 ){
       if( nCmd>0 ){
-        eputf("Error: cannot mix regular SQL or dot-commands"
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Error: cannot mix regular SQL or dot-commands"
               " with \"%s\"\n", z);
         return 1;
       }
@@ -12874,7 +13204,7 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-unsafe-testing")==0 ){
       /* Acted upon in first pass. */
     }else{
-      eputf("%s: Error: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
       eputz("Use -help for a list of options.\n");
       return 1;
     }
@@ -12901,7 +13231,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
           if( zErrMsg!=0 ){
             shellEmitError(zErrMsg);
           }else{
-            eputf("Error: unable to process SQL: %s\n", azCmd[i]);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
+                            "Error: unable to process SQL: %s\n", azCmd[i]);
           }
           sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
           if( rc==0 ) rc = 1;
@@ -12921,7 +13252,8 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
 #else
 # define SHELL_CIO_CHAR_SET ""
 #endif
-      sputf(stdout, "SQLite version %s %.19s%s\n" /*extra-version-info*/
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout,
+            "SQLite version %s %.19s%s\n" /*extra-version-info*/
             "Enter \".help\" for usage hints.\n",
             sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid(), SHELL_CIO_CHAR_SET);
       if( warnInmemoryDb ){
@@ -12997,7 +13329,7 @@ int SQLITE_CDECL wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv){
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( sqlite3_memory_used()>mem_main_enter ){
-    eputf("Memory leaked: %u bytes\n",
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,"Memory leaked: %u bytes\n",
           (unsigned int)(sqlite3_memory_used()-mem_main_enter));
   }
 #endif
@@ -13037,7 +13369,7 @@ sqlite3_vfs * fiddle_db_vfs(const char *zDbName){
 
 /* Only for emcc experimentation purposes. */
 sqlite3 * fiddle_db_arg(sqlite3 *arg){
-    oputf("fiddle_db_arg(%p)\n", (const void*)arg);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "fiddle_db_arg(%p)\n", (const void*)arg);
     return arg;
 }
 
@@ -13074,7 +13406,7 @@ void fiddle_reset_db(void){
       ** Resolve problem reported in
       ** https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/0b41a25d65
       */
-      oputz("Rolling back in-progress transaction.\n");
+      sqlite3_fputs("Rolling back in-progress transaction.\n", stdout);
       sqlite3_exec(globalDb,"ROLLBACK", 0, 0, 0);
     }
     rc = sqlite3_db_config(globalDb, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
diff --git a/src/sqlite.h.in b/src/sqlite.h.in
index 5546793c94..72190beec5 100644
--- a/src/sqlite.h.in
+++ b/src/sqlite.h.in
@@ -4222,13 +4222,17 @@ int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 **
 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
-** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
-** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
+** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the maximum
+** number of bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is positive, zSql is read
+** up to the first zero terminator or until the nByte bytes have been read,
+** whichever comes first.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
 ** statement is generated.
 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
 ** the nul-terminator.
+** Note that nByte measure the length of the input in bytes, not
+** characters, even for the UTF-16 inferfaces.
 **
 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
diff --git a/src/sqliteInt.h b/src/sqliteInt.h
index 0dab59f7a4..604f7e975e 100644
--- a/src/sqliteInt.h
+++ b/src/sqliteInt.h
@@ -5267,7 +5267,7 @@ int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
+int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nByte, int nChar);
 #endif
 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
diff --git a/src/utf.c b/src/utf.c
index 216864f5c7..083ada7882 100644
--- a/src/utf.c
+++ b/src/utf.c
@@ -514,20 +514,22 @@ char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *db, const void *z, int nByte, u8 enc){
 }
 
 /*
-** zIn is a UTF-16 encoded unicode string at least nChar characters long.
+** zIn is a UTF-16 encoded unicode string at least nByte bytes long.
 ** Return the number of bytes in the first nChar unicode characters
-** in pZ.  nChar must be non-negative.
+** in pZ.  nChar must be non-negative.  Surrogate pairs count as a single
+** character.
 */
-int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *zIn, int nChar){
+int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *zIn, int nByte, int nChar){
   int c;
   unsigned char const *z = zIn;
+  unsigned char const *zEnd = &z[nByte-1];
   int n = 0;
   
   if( SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16LE ) z++;
-  while( n<nChar ){
+  while( n<nChar && ALWAYS(z<=zEnd) ){
     c = z[0];
     z += 2;
-    if( c>=0xd8 && c<0xdc && z[0]>=0xdc && z[0]<0xe0 ) z += 2;
+    if( c>=0xd8 && c<0xdc && z<=zEnd && z[0]>=0xdc && z[0]<0xe0 ) z += 2;
     n++;
   }
   return (int)(z-(unsigned char const *)zIn) 
diff --git a/src/vdbeInt.h b/src/vdbeInt.h
index 2a23c3f285..b26860f3a6 100644
--- a/src/vdbeInt.h
+++ b/src/vdbeInt.h
@@ -543,6 +543,7 @@ struct PreUpdate {
   Mem *aNew;                      /* Array of new.* values */
   Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being updated */
   Index *pPk;                     /* PK index if pTab is WITHOUT ROWID */
+  sqlite3_value **apDflt;         /* Array of default values, if required */
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/vdbeapi.c b/src/vdbeapi.c
index 3182e4070f..b6ad5f3d95 100644
--- a/src/vdbeapi.c
+++ b/src/vdbeapi.c
@@ -1621,6 +1621,17 @@ const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
 **
 ** The error code stored in database p->db is overwritten with the return
 ** value in any case.
+**
+** (tag-20240917-01) If  vdbeUnbind(p,(u32)(i-1))  returns SQLITE_OK,
+** that means all of the the following will be true:
+**
+**     p!=0
+**     p->pVar!=0
+**     i>0
+**     i<=p->nVar
+**
+** An assert() is normally added after vdbeUnbind() to help static analyzers
+** realize this.
 */
 static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, unsigned int i){
   Mem *pVar;
@@ -1678,6 +1689,7 @@ static int bindText(
 
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
     if( zData!=0 ){
       pVar = &p->aVar[i-1];
       rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pVar, zData, nData, encoding, xDel);
@@ -1727,6 +1739,7 @@ int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, double rValue){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(&p->aVar[i-1], rValue);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }
@@ -1740,6 +1753,7 @@ int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, sqlite_int64 iValue){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&p->aVar[i-1], iValue);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }
@@ -1750,6 +1764,7 @@ int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }
   return rc;
@@ -1765,6 +1780,7 @@ int sqlite3_bind_pointer(
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(&p->aVar[i-1], pPtr, zPTtype, xDestructor);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }else if( xDestructor ){
@@ -1846,6 +1862,7 @@ int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, int n){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, (u32)(i-1));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( p!=0 && p->aVar!=0 && i>0 && i<=p->nVar ); /* tag-20240917-01 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(&p->aVar[i-1], n);
 #else
@@ -2205,7 +2222,30 @@ int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppValue){
   if( iIdx==p->pTab->iPKey ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, p->iKey1);
   }else if( iIdx>=p->pUnpacked->nField ){
-    *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
+    /* This occurs when the table has been extended using ALTER TABLE
+    ** ADD COLUMN. The value to return is the default value of the column. */
+    Column *pCol = &p->pTab->aCol[iIdx];
+    if( pCol->iDflt>0 ){
+      if( p->apDflt==0 ){
+        int nByte = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*p->pTab->nCol;
+        p->apDflt = (sqlite3_value**)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
+        if( p->apDflt==0 ) goto preupdate_old_out;
+      }
+      if( p->apDflt[iIdx]==0 ){
+        sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+        Expr *pDflt;
+        assert( p->pTab!=0 && IsOrdinaryTable(p->pTab) );
+        pDflt = p->pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr;
+        rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, ENC(db), pCol->affinity, &pVal);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal==0 ){
+          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        }
+        p->apDflt[iIdx] = pVal;
+      }
+      *ppValue = p->apDflt[iIdx];
+    }else{
+      *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
+    }
   }else if( p->pTab->aCol[iIdx].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
     if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
       testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
diff --git a/src/vdbeaux.c b/src/vdbeaux.c
index f1e0cccdc1..a66bdecffb 100644
--- a/src/vdbeaux.c
+++ b/src/vdbeaux.c
@@ -5543,5 +5543,12 @@ void sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(
     }
     sqlite3DbNNFreeNN(db, preupdate.aNew);
   }
+  if( preupdate.apDflt ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      sqlite3ValueFree(preupdate.apDflt[i]);
+    }
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, preupdate.apDflt);
+  }
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
diff --git a/src/vdbemem.c b/src/vdbemem.c
index 8e2aa4a6c9..0fc6b68f5e 100644
--- a/src/vdbemem.c
+++ b/src/vdbemem.c
@@ -1534,7 +1534,8 @@ static int valueFromFunction(
       goto value_from_function_out;
     }
     for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
-      rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, enc, aff, &apVal[i]);
+      rc = sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(pCtx->pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr, aff,
+                                     &apVal[i]);
       if( apVal[i]==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto value_from_function_out;
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/vtab.c b/src/vtab.c
index 1036eed445..76ad3613e8 100644
--- a/src/vtab.c
+++ b/src/vtab.c
@@ -867,6 +867,7 @@ int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
       Table *pNew = sParse.pNewTable;
       Index *pIdx;
       pTab->aCol = pNew->aCol;
+      assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pNew) );
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pNew->u.tab.pDfltList);
       pTab->nNVCol = pTab->nCol = pNew->nCol;
       pTab->tabFlags |= pNew->tabFlags & (TF_WithoutRowid|TF_NoVisibleRowid);
diff --git a/src/where.c b/src/where.c
index 35da4caa6e..9aaa082cd3 100644
--- a/src/where.c
+++ b/src/where.c
@@ -1636,9 +1636,11 @@ static void freeIndexInfo(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
 ** that this is required.
 */
 static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pVtab;
   int rc;
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
 
+  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
+  pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pVtab;
   whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(p, pTab);
   pParse->db->nSchemaLock++;
   rc = pVtab->pModule->xBestIndex(pVtab, p);
diff --git a/test/hook.test b/test/hook.test
index 3d735875df..8638d3a6ba 100644
--- a/test/hook.test
+++ b/test/hook.test
@@ -706,11 +706,13 @@ ifcapable altertable {
   }
 }
 
-if 0 {
+if 1 {
   # At time of writing, these two are broken. They demonstrate that the
   # sqlite3_preupdate_old() method does not handle the case where ALTER TABLE
   # has been used to add a column with a default value other than NULL.
   #
+  # 2024-09-18: These are now fixed.
+  #
   do_preupdate_test 7.5.2.1 {
     DELETE FROM t8 WHERE a = 'one'
   } {
@@ -1022,4 +1024,37 @@ do_catchsql_test 12.6 {
   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('def', 3);
 } {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: t4.a}}
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test adding non-NULL default values using ALTER TABLE.
+#
+reset_db
+db preupdate hook preupdate_hook
+do_execsql_test 13.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(100), (200), (300), (400);
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 13.1 {
+  ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN b DEFAULT 1234;
+  ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT 'abcdef';
+  ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN d DEFAULT NULL;
+}
+
+do_preupdate_test 13.2 {
+  DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a=300
+} {DELETE main t1 300 300 0 300 1234 abcdef {}}
+
+do_preupdate_test 13.3 {
+  UPDATE t1 SET d='hello world' WHERE a=200
+} {
+  UPDATE main t1 200 200 0 200 1234 abcdef {} 
+                           200 1234 abcdef {hello world}
+}
+
+do_preupdate_test 13.4 {
+  INSERT INTO t1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+} {
+  INSERT main t1 401 401 0 401 1234 abcdef {}
+}
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/shell1.test b/test/shell1.test
index f355989c31..b4883e3521 100644
--- a/test/shell1.test
+++ b/test/shell1.test
@@ -516,6 +516,8 @@ do_test shell1-3.15.3 {
    Options:
      --bom                 Prefix output with a UTF8 byte-order mark
      -e                    Send output to the system text editor
+     --plain               Use text/plain for -w option
+     -w                    Send output to a web browser
      -x                    Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet
 child process exited abnormally}}
 
@@ -532,6 +534,8 @@ do_test shell1-3.16.2 {
    Options:
      --bom                 Prefix output with a UTF8 byte-order mark
      -e                    Send output to the system text editor
+     --plain               Use text/plain for -w option
+     -w                    Send output to a web browser
      -x                    Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet
 child process exited abnormally}}
 
diff --git a/tool/spaceanal.tcl b/tool/spaceanal.tcl
index abc1e7e98b..e50415900a 100644
--- a/tool/spaceanal.tcl
+++ b/tool/spaceanal.tcl
@@ -74,6 +74,16 @@ Options:
 }
   exit 1
 }
+
+# Exit with given code, but first close db if open.
+#
+proc exit_clean {exit_code} {
+  if {0 < [llength [info commands db]]} {
+    db close
+  }
+  exit $exit_code
+}
+
 set file_to_analyze {}
 set flags(-pageinfo) 0
 set flags(-stats) 0
@@ -157,7 +167,7 @@ if {![db exists {SELECT 1 FROM pragma_compile_options
         lacks required capabilities. Recompile using the\
         -DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB compile-time option to fix\
         this problem."
-  exit 1
+  exit_clean 1
 }
 
 db eval {SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_schema}
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ if {$flags(-pageinfo)} {
   db eval {SELECT name, path, pageno FROM temp.stat ORDER BY pageno} {
     puts "$pageno $name $path"
   }
-  exit 0
+  exit_clean 0
 }
 if {$flags(-stats)} {
   db eval {CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.stat USING dbstat}
@@ -198,7 +208,7 @@ if {$flags(-stats)} {
     puts "INSERT INTO stats VALUES($x);"
   }
   puts "COMMIT;"
-  exit 0
+  exit_clean 0
 }
 
 
@@ -901,5 +911,7 @@ puts "COMMIT;"
 } err]} {
   puts "ERROR: $err"
   puts $errorInfo
-  exit 1
+  exit_clean 1
 }
+
+exit_clean 0
diff --git a/tool/sqldiff.c b/tool/sqldiff.c
index 8b2293cafd..bb26daf139 100644
--- a/tool/sqldiff.c
+++ b/tool/sqldiff.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 ** between two SQLite databases.
 **
 ** To compile, simply link against SQLite.  (Windows builds must also link
-** against ext/consio/console_io.c.)
+** against ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c.)
 **
 ** See the showHelp() routine below for a brief description of how to
 ** run the utility.
@@ -26,19 +26,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include "sqlite3.h"
-
-/* Output function substitutions that cause UTF8 characters to be rendered
-** correctly on Windows:
-**
-**     fprintf()  ->  Wfprintf()
-**
-*/
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-# include "console_io.h"
-# define Wfprintf fPrintfUtf8
-#else
-# define Wfprintf fprintf
-#endif
+#include "sqlite3_stdio.h"
 
 /*
 ** All global variables are gathered into the "g" singleton.
@@ -76,9 +64,9 @@ static void cmdlineError(const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   sqlite3_str_vappendf(pOut, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  Wfprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", g.zArgv0, sqlite3_str_value(pOut));
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", g.zArgv0, sqlite3_str_value(pOut));
   strFree(pOut);
-  Wfprintf(stderr, "\"%s --help\" for more help\n", g.zArgv0);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "\"%s --help\" for more help\n", g.zArgv0);
   exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -92,7 +80,7 @@ static void runtimeError(const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   sqlite3_str_vappendf(pOut, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  Wfprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", g.zArgv0, sqlite3_str_value(pOut));
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", g.zArgv0, sqlite3_str_value(pOut));
   strFree(pOut);
   exit(1);
 }
@@ -349,11 +337,11 @@ static void printQuoted(FILE *out, sqlite3_value *X){
       char zBuf[50];
       r1 = sqlite3_value_double(X);
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%!.15g", r1);
-      fprintf(out, "%s", zBuf);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s", zBuf);
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
-      fprintf(out, "%lld", sqlite3_value_int64(X));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%lld", sqlite3_value_int64(X));
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_BLOB: {
@@ -361,14 +349,14 @@ static void printQuoted(FILE *out, sqlite3_value *X){
       int nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(X);
       if( zBlob ){
         int i;
-        fprintf(out, "x'");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "x'");
         for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){
-          fprintf(out, "%02x", zBlob[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%02x", zBlob[i]);
         }
-        fprintf(out, "'");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'");
       }else{
         /* Could be an OOM, could be a zero-byte blob */
-        fprintf(out, "X''");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "X''");
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -376,38 +364,38 @@ static void printQuoted(FILE *out, sqlite3_value *X){
       const unsigned char *zArg = sqlite3_value_text(X);
 
       if( zArg==0 ){
-        fprintf(out, "NULL");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "NULL");
       }else{
         int inctl = 0;
         int i, j;
-        fprintf(out, "'");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'");
         for(i=j=0; zArg[i]; i++){
           char c = zArg[i];
           int ctl = iscntrl((unsigned char)c);
           if( ctl>inctl ){
             inctl = ctl;
-            fprintf(out, "%.*s'||X'%02x", i-j, &zArg[j], c);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s'||X'%02x", i-j, &zArg[j], c);
             j = i+1;
           }else if( ctl ){
-            fprintf(out, "%02x", c);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%02x", c);
             j = i+1;
           }else{
             if( inctl ){
               inctl = 0;
-              fprintf(out, "'\n||'");
+              sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'\n||'");
             }
             if( c=='\'' ){
-              fprintf(out, "%.*s'", i-j+1, &zArg[j]);
+              sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%.*s'", i-j+1, &zArg[j]);
               j = i+1;
             }
           }
         }
-        fprintf(out, "%s'", &zArg[j]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s'", &zArg[j]);
       }
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_NULL: {
-      fprintf(out, "NULL");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "NULL");
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -428,7 +416,7 @@ static void dump_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
 
   pStmt = db_prepare("SELECT sql FROM aux.sqlite_schema WHERE name=%Q", zTab);
   if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   if( !g.bSchemaOnly ){
@@ -463,14 +451,14 @@ static void dump_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     }
     nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
     while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-      Wfprintf(out, "%s",sqlite3_str_value(pIns));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s",sqlite3_str_value(pIns));
       zSep = "(";
       for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-        Wfprintf(out, "%s",zSep);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s",zSep);
         printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt,i));
         zSep = ",";
       }
-      Wfprintf(out, ");\n");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, ");\n");
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     strFree(pIns);
@@ -479,7 +467,7 @@ static void dump_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
                      " WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name=%Q AND sql IS NOT NULL",
                      zTab);
   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    Wfprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   sqlite3_free(zId);
@@ -514,14 +502,14 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     */
     az = columnNames("aux",zTab, &nPk, 0);
     if( az==0 ){
-      Wfprintf(stdout, "Rowid not accessible for %s\n", zId);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "Rowid not accessible for %s\n", zId);
     }else{
-      Wfprintf(stdout, "%s:", zId);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "%s:", zId);
       for(i=0; az[i]; i++){
-        Wfprintf(stdout, " %s", az[i]);
-        if( i+1==nPk ) Wfprintf(stdout, " *");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, " %s", az[i]);
+        if( i+1==nPk ) sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, " *");
       }
-      Wfprintf(stdout, "\n");
+      sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "\n");
     }
     goto end_diff_one_table;
   }
@@ -530,9 +518,9 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     if( !sqlite3_table_column_metadata(g.db,"main",zTab,0,0,0,0,0,0) ){
       /* Table missing from second database. */
       if( g.bSchemaCompare )
-        Wfprintf(out, "-- 2nd DB has no %s table\n", zTab);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "-- 2nd DB has no %s table\n", zTab);
       else
-        Wfprintf(out, "DROP TABLE %s;\n", zId);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "DROP TABLE %s;\n", zId);
     }
     goto end_diff_one_table;
   }
@@ -540,7 +528,7 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
   if( sqlite3_table_column_metadata(g.db,"main",zTab,0,0,0,0,0,0) ){
     /* Table missing from source */
     if( g.bSchemaCompare ){
-      Wfprintf(out, "-- 1st DB has no %s table\n", zTab);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "-- 1st DB has no %s table\n", zTab);
     }else{
       dump_table(zTab, out);
     }
@@ -560,7 +548,7 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
    || az[n]
   ){
     /* Schema mismatch */
-    Wfprintf(out, "%sDROP TABLE %s; -- due to schema mismatch\n", zLead, zId);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%sDROP TABLE %s; -- due to schema mismatch\n", zLead, zId);
     dump_table(zTab, out);
     goto end_diff_one_table;
   }
@@ -568,7 +556,7 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
   /* Build the comparison query */
   for(n2=n; az2[n2]; n2++){
     char *zNTab = safeId(az2[n2]);
-    Wfprintf(out, "ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN %s;\n", zId, zNTab);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN %s;\n", zId, zNTab);
     sqlite3_free(zNTab);
   }
   nQ = nPk2+1+2*(n2-nPk2);
@@ -669,7 +657,7 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     zTab, zTab);
   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
     char *z = safeId((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
-    fprintf(out, "DROP INDEX %s;\n", z);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "DROP INDEX %s;\n", z);
     sqlite3_free(z);
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
@@ -681,39 +669,39 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
       int iType = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, nPk);
       if( iType==1 || iType==2 ){
         if( iType==1 ){       /* Change the content of a row */
-          fprintf(out, "%sUPDATE %s", zLead, zId);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%sUPDATE %s", zLead, zId);
           zSep = " SET";
           for(i=nPk+1; i<nQ; i+=2){
             if( sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,i)==0 ) continue;
-            fprintf(out, "%s %s=", zSep, az2[(i+nPk-1)/2]);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s %s=", zSep, az2[(i+nPk-1)/2]);
             zSep = ",";
             printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt,i+1));
           }
         }else{                /* Delete a row */
-          fprintf(out, "%sDELETE FROM %s", zLead, zId);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%sDELETE FROM %s", zLead, zId);
         }
         zSep = " WHERE";
         for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
-          fprintf(out, "%s %s=", zSep, az2[i]);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s %s=", zSep, az2[i]);
           printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt,i));
           zSep = " AND";
         }
-        fprintf(out, ";\n");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, ";\n");
       }else{                  /* Insert a row */
-        fprintf(out, "%sINSERT INTO %s(%s", zLead, zId, az2[0]);
-        for(i=1; az2[i]; i++) fprintf(out, ",%s", az2[i]);
-        fprintf(out, ") VALUES");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%sINSERT INTO %s(%s", zLead, zId, az2[0]);
+        for(i=1; az2[i]; i++) sqlite3_fprintf(out, ",%s", az2[i]);
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, ") VALUES");
         zSep = "(";
         for(i=0; i<nPk2; i++){
-          fprintf(out, "%s", zSep);
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s", zSep);
           zSep = ",";
           printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt,i));
         }
         for(i=nPk2+2; i<nQ; i+=2){
-          fprintf(out, ",");
+          sqlite3_fprintf(out, ",");
           printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt,i));
         }
-        fprintf(out, ");\n");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, ");\n");
       }
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
@@ -729,7 +717,7 @@ static void diff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     "                      AND sql IS NOT NULL)",
     zTab, zTab);
   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s;\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
 
@@ -1283,17 +1271,17 @@ static void rbudiff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     ** statement first. And reset pCt so that it will not be
     ** printed again.  */
     if( sqlite3_str_length(pCt) ){
-      fprintf(out, "%s\n", sqlite3_str_value(pCt));
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", sqlite3_str_value(pCt));
       sqlite3_str_reset(pCt);
     }
 
     /* Output the first part of the INSERT statement */
-    fprintf(out, "%s", sqlite3_str_value(pInsert));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s", sqlite3_str_value(pInsert));
     nRow++;
 
     if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, nCol)==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
       for(i=0; i<=nCol; i++){
-        if( i>0 ) fprintf(out, ", ");
+        if( i>0 ) sqlite3_fprintf(out, ", ");
         printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt, i));
       }
     }else{
@@ -1320,9 +1308,9 @@ static void rbudiff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
           nDelta = rbuDeltaCreate(aSrc, nSrc, aFinal, nFinal, aDelta);
           if( nDelta<nFinal ){
             int j;
-            fprintf(out, "x'");
-            for(j=0; j<nDelta; j++) fprintf(out, "%02x", (u8)aDelta[j]);
-            fprintf(out, "'");
+            sqlite3_fprintf(out, "x'");
+            for(j=0; j<nDelta; j++) sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%02x", (u8)aDelta[j]);
+            sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'");
             zOtaControl[i-bOtaRowid] = 'f';
             bDone = 1;
           }
@@ -1332,14 +1320,14 @@ static void rbudiff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
         if( bDone==0 ){
           printQuoted(out, sqlite3_column_value(pStmt, i));
         }
-        fprintf(out, ", ");
+        sqlite3_fprintf(out, ", ");
       }
-      fprintf(out, "'%s'", zOtaControl);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "'%s'", zOtaControl);
       sqlite3_free(zOtaControl);
     }
 
     /* And the closing bracket of the insert statement */
-    fprintf(out, ");\n");
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, ");\n");
   }
 
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
@@ -1347,7 +1335,7 @@ static void rbudiff_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     sqlite3_str *pCnt = sqlite3_str_new(0);
     sqlite3_str_appendf(pCnt,
          "INSERT INTO rbu_count VALUES('data_%q', %d);", zTab, nRow);
-    fprintf(out, "%s\n", sqlite3_str_value(pCnt));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", sqlite3_str_value(pCnt));
     strFree(pCnt);
   }
 
@@ -1386,14 +1374,14 @@ static void summarize_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
   if( sqlite3_table_column_metadata(g.db,"aux",zTab,0,0,0,0,0,0) ){
     if( !sqlite3_table_column_metadata(g.db,"main",zTab,0,0,0,0,0,0) ){
       /* Table missing from second database. */
-      Wfprintf(out, "%s: missing from second database\n", zTab);
+      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s: missing from second database\n", zTab);
     }
     goto end_summarize_one_table;
   }
 
   if( sqlite3_table_column_metadata(g.db,"main",zTab,0,0,0,0,0,0) ){
     /* Table missing from source */
-    Wfprintf(out, "%s: missing from first database\n", zTab);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s: missing from first database\n", zTab);
     goto end_summarize_one_table;
   }
 
@@ -1410,7 +1398,7 @@ static void summarize_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
    || az[n]
   ){
     /* Schema mismatch */
-    Wfprintf(out, "%s: incompatible schema\n", zTab);
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s: incompatible schema\n", zTab);
     goto end_summarize_one_table;
   }
 
@@ -1455,7 +1443,7 @@ static void summarize_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
   sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ")\n ORDER BY 1;\n");
 
   if( (g.fDebug & DEBUG_DIFF_SQL)!=0 ){ 
-    Wfprintf(stdout, "SQL for %s:\n%s\n", zId, sqlite3_str_value(pSql));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "SQL for %s:\n%s\n", zId, sqlite3_str_value(pSql));
     goto end_summarize_one_table;
   }
 
@@ -1480,7 +1468,7 @@ static void summarize_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
     }
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-  Wfprintf(out,
+  sqlite3_fprintf(out,
           "%s: %lld changes, %lld inserts, %lld deletes, %lld unchanged\n",
           zTab, nUpdate, nInsert, nDelete, nUnchanged);
 
@@ -1661,7 +1649,7 @@ static void changeset_one_table(const char *zTab, FILE *out){
   sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ";\n");
 
   if( g.fDebug & DEBUG_DIFF_SQL ){ 
-    Wfprintf(stdout, "SQL for %s:\n%s\n", zId, sqlite3_str_value(pSql));
+    sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "SQL for %s:\n%s\n", zId, sqlite3_str_value(pSql));
     goto end_changeset_one_table;
   }
 
@@ -1891,8 +1879,8 @@ const char *all_tables_sql(){
 ** Print sketchy documentation for this utility program
 */
 static void showHelp(void){
-  Wfprintf(stdout, "Usage: %s [options] DB1 DB2\n", g.zArgv0);
-  Wfprintf(stdout,
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stdout, "Usage: %s [options] DB1 DB2\n", g.zArgv0);
+  sqlite3_fprintf(stdout,
 "Output SQL text that would transform DB1 into DB2.\n"
 "Options:\n"
 "  --changeset FILE      Write a CHANGESET into FILE\n"
@@ -1935,7 +1923,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
       if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
       if( strcmp(z,"changeset")==0 ){
         if( i==argc-1 ) cmdlineError("missing argument to %s", argv[i]);
-        out = fopen(argv[++i], "wb");
+        out = sqlite3_fopen(argv[++i], "wb");
         if( out==0 ) cmdlineError("cannot open: %s", argv[i]);
         xDiff = changeset_one_table;
         neverUseTransaction = 1;
@@ -2036,9 +2024,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
   }
 
   if( neverUseTransaction ) useTransaction = 0;
-  if( useTransaction ) Wfprintf(out, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n");
+  if( useTransaction ) sqlite3_fprintf(out, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n");
   if( xDiff==rbudiff_one_table ){
-    Wfprintf(out, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rbu_count"
+    sqlite3_fprintf(out, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rbu_count"
            "(tbl TEXT PRIMARY KEY COLLATE NOCASE, cnt INTEGER) "
            "WITHOUT ROWID;\n"
     );
@@ -2053,7 +2041,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }
-  if( useTransaction ) Wfprintf(stdout,"COMMIT;\n");
+  if( useTransaction ) sqlite3_fprintf(stdout,"COMMIT;\n");
 
   /* TBD: Handle trigger differences */
   /* TBD: Handle view differences */
diff --git a/tool/sqlite3-rsync.c b/tool/sqlite3-rsync.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1be206a758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tool/sqlite3-rsync.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1862 @@
+/*
+** 2024-09-10
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This is a utility program that makes a copy of a live SQLite database
+** using a bandwidth-efficient protocol, similar to "rsync".
+*/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+static const char zUsage[] = 
+  "sqlite3-rsync ORIGIN REPLICA ?OPTIONS?\n"
+  "\n"
+  "One of ORIGIN or REPLICA is a pathname to a database on the local\n"
+  "machine and the other is of the form \"USER@HOST:PATH\" describing\n"
+  "a database on a remote machine.  This utility makes REPLICA into a\n"
+  "copy of ORIGIN\n"
+  "\n"
+  "OPTIONS:\n"
+  "\n"
+  "   --exe PATH    Name of the sqlite3-rsync program on the remote side\n"
+  "   --help        Show this help screen\n"
+  "   --ssh PATH    Name of the SSH program used to reach the remote side\n"
+  "   -v            Verbose.  Multiple v's for increasing output\n"
+  "   --version     Show detailed version information\n"
+;
+
+typedef unsigned char u8;
+
+/* Context for the run */
+typedef struct SQLiteRsync SQLiteRsync;
+struct SQLiteRsync {
+  const char *zOrigin;     /* Name of the origin */
+  const char *zReplica;    /* Name of the replica */
+  const char *zErrFile;    /* Append error messages to this file */
+  FILE *pOut;              /* Transmit to the other side */
+  FILE *pIn;               /* Receive from the other side */
+  FILE *pLog;              /* Duplicate output here if not NULL */
+  sqlite3 *db;             /* Database connection */
+  int nErr;                /* Number of errors encountered */
+  int nWrErr;              /* Number of failed attempts to write on the pipe */
+  u8 eVerbose;             /* Bigger for more output.  0 means none. */
+  u8 bCommCheck;           /* True to debug the communication protocol */
+  u8 isRemote;             /* On the remote side of a connection */
+  u8 isReplica;            /* True if running on the replica side */
+  u8 iProtocol;            /* Protocol version number */
+  sqlite3_uint64 nOut;     /* Bytes transmitted */
+  sqlite3_uint64 nIn;      /* Bytes received */
+  unsigned int nPage;      /* Total number of pages in the database */
+  unsigned int szPage;     /* Database page size */
+  unsigned int nHashSent;  /* Hashes sent (replica to origin) */
+  unsigned int nPageSent;  /* Page contents sent (origin to replica) */
+};
+
+/* The version number of the protocol.  Sent in the *_BEGIN message
+** to verify that both sides speak the same dialect.
+*/
+#define PROTOCOL_VERSION  1
+
+
+/* Magic numbers to identify particular messages sent over the wire.
+*/
+#define ORIGIN_BEGIN    0x41     /* Initial message */
+#define ORIGIN_END      0x42     /* Time to quit */
+#define ORIGIN_ERROR    0x43     /* Error message from the remote */
+#define ORIGIN_PAGE     0x44     /* New page data */
+#define ORIGIN_TXN      0x45     /* Transaction commit */
+#define ORIGIN_MSG      0x46     /* Informational message */
+
+#define REPLICA_BEGIN   0x61     /* Welcome message */
+#define REPLICA_ERROR   0x62     /* Error.  Report and quit. */
+#define REPLICA_END     0x63     /* Replica wants to stop */
+#define REPLICA_HASH    0x64     /* One or more pages hashes to report */
+#define REPLICA_READY   0x65     /* Read to receive page content */
+#define REPLICA_MSG     0x66     /* Informational message */
+
+
+/****************************************************************************
+** Beginning of the popen2() implementation copied from Fossil  *************
+****************************************************************************/
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+/*
+** Print a fatal error and quit.
+*/
+static void win32_fatal_error(const char *zMsg){
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s", zMsg);
+  exit(1);
+}
+extern int _open_osfhandle(intptr_t,int);
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
+** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
+** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
+** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
+**
+** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
+** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
+** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
+** that vary from one machine to the next.
+**
+** This code is copied out of SQLite.
+*/
+#if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
+# define INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
+# define PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
+#elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
+# define INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
+# define PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
+# define INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
+# define PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
+#else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
+# define INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
+# define PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
+#endif
+
+/* Register SQL functions provided by ext/misc/sha1.c */
+extern int sqlite3_sha_init(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+);
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+/*
+** On windows, create a child process and specify the stdin, stdout,
+** and stderr channels for that process to use.
+**
+** Return the number of errors.
+*/
+static int win32_create_child_process(
+  wchar_t *zCmd,       /* The command that the child process will run */
+  HANDLE hIn,          /* Standard input */
+  HANDLE hOut,         /* Standard output */
+  HANDLE hErr,         /* Standard error */
+  DWORD *pChildPid     /* OUT: Child process handle */
+){
+  STARTUPINFOW si;
+  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+  BOOL rc;
+
+  memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
+  si.cb = sizeof(si);
+  si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+  SetHandleInformation(hIn, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, TRUE);
+  si.hStdInput  = hIn;
+  SetHandleInformation(hOut, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, TRUE);
+  si.hStdOutput = hOut;
+  SetHandleInformation(hErr, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, TRUE);
+  si.hStdError  = hErr;
+  rc = CreateProcessW(
+     NULL,  /* Application Name */
+     zCmd,  /* Command-line */
+     NULL,  /* Process attributes */
+     NULL,  /* Thread attributes */
+     TRUE,  /* Inherit Handles */
+     0,     /* Create flags  */
+     NULL,  /* Environment */
+     NULL,  /* Current directory */
+     &si,   /* Startup Info */
+     &pi    /* Process Info */
+  );
+  if( rc ){
+    CloseHandle( pi.hProcess );
+    CloseHandle( pi.hThread );
+    *pChildPid = pi.dwProcessId;
+  }else{
+    win32_fatal_error("cannot create child process");
+  }
+  return rc!=0;
+}
+void *win32_utf8_to_unicode(const char *zUtf8){
+  int nByte = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zUtf8, -1, 0, 0);
+  wchar_t *zUnicode = malloc( nByte*2 );
+  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zUtf8, -1, zUnicode, nByte);
+  return zUnicode;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Create a child process running shell command "zCmd".  *ppOut is
+** a FILE that becomes the standard input of the child process.
+** (The caller writes to *ppOut in order to send text to the child.)
+** *ppIn is stdout from the child process.  (The caller
+** reads from *ppIn in order to receive input from the child.)
+** Note that *ppIn is an unbuffered file descriptor, not a FILE.
+** The process ID of the child is written into *pChildPid.
+**
+** Return the number of errors.
+*/
+static int popen2(
+  const char *zCmd,      /* Command to run in the child process */
+  FILE **ppIn,           /* Read from child using this file descriptor */
+  FILE **ppOut,          /* Write to child using this file descriptor */
+  int *pChildPid,        /* PID of the child process */
+  int bDirect            /* 0: run zCmd as a shell cmd.  1: run directly */
+){
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  HANDLE hStdinRd, hStdinWr, hStdoutRd, hStdoutWr, hStderr;
+  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;
+  DWORD childPid = 0;
+  int fd;
+
+  saAttr.nLength = sizeof(saAttr);
+  saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
+  saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
+  hStderr = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+  if( !CreatePipe(&hStdoutRd, &hStdoutWr, &saAttr, 4096) ){
+    win32_fatal_error("cannot create pipe for stdout");
+  }
+  SetHandleInformation( hStdoutRd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, FALSE);
+
+  if( !CreatePipe(&hStdinRd, &hStdinWr, &saAttr, 4096) ){
+    win32_fatal_error("cannot create pipe for stdin");
+  }
+  SetHandleInformation( hStdinWr, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, FALSE);
+
+  win32_create_child_process(win32_utf8_to_unicode(zCmd),
+                             hStdinRd, hStdoutWr, hStderr,&childPid);
+  *pChildPid = childPid;
+  fd = _open_osfhandle(PTR_TO_INT(hStdoutRd), 0);
+  *ppIn = fdopen(fd, "r");
+  fd = _open_osfhandle(PTR_TO_INT(hStdinWr), 0);
+  *ppOut = _fdopen(fd, "w");
+  CloseHandle(hStdinRd);
+  CloseHandle(hStdoutWr);
+  return 0;
+#else
+  int pin[2], pout[2];
+  *ppIn = 0;
+  *ppOut = 0;
+  *pChildPid = 0;
+
+  if( pipe(pin)<0 ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( pipe(pout)<0 ){
+    close(pin[0]);
+    close(pin[1]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  *pChildPid = fork();
+  if( *pChildPid<0 ){
+    close(pin[0]);
+    close(pin[1]);
+    close(pout[0]);
+    close(pout[1]);
+    *pChildPid = 0;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  signal(SIGPIPE,SIG_IGN);
+  if( *pChildPid==0 ){
+    int fd;
+    /* This is the child process */
+    close(0);
+    fd = dup(pout[0]);
+    if( fd!=0 ) {
+      fprintf(stderr,"popen2() failed to open file descriptor 0");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    close(pout[0]);
+    close(pout[1]);
+    close(1);
+    fd = dup(pin[1]);
+    if( fd!=1 ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"popen() failed to open file descriptor 1");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    close(pin[0]);
+    close(pin[1]);
+    if( bDirect ){
+      execl(zCmd, zCmd, (char*)0);
+    }else{
+      execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", "-c", zCmd, (char*)0);
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }else{
+    /* This is the parent process */
+    close(pin[1]);
+    *ppIn = fdopen(pin[0], "r");
+    close(pout[0]);
+    *ppOut = fdopen(pout[1], "w");
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Close the connection to a child process previously created using
+** popen2().
+*/
+static void pclose2(FILE *pIn, FILE *pOut, int childPid){
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  /* Not implemented, yet */
+  fclose(pIn);
+  fclose(pOut);
+#else
+  fclose(pIn);
+  fclose(pOut);
+  while( waitpid(0, 0, WNOHANG)>0 ) {}
+#endif
+}
+/*****************************************************************************
+** End of the popen2() implementation copied from Fossil *********************
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+** Beginning of the append_escaped_arg() routine, adapted from the Fossil   **
+** subroutine nameed blob_append_escaped_arg()                              **
+*****************************************************************************/
+/*
+** ASCII (for reference):
+**    x0  x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  x6  x7  x8  x9  xa  xb  xc  xd  xe  xf
+** 0x ^`  ^a  ^b  ^c  ^d  ^e  ^f  ^g  \b  \t  \n  ()  \f  \r  ^n  ^o
+** 1x ^p  ^q  ^r  ^s  ^t  ^u  ^v  ^w  ^x  ^y  ^z  ^{  ^|  ^}  ^~  ^
+** 2x ()  !   "   #   $   %   &   '   (   )   *   +   ,   -   .   /
+** 3x 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   :   ;   <   =   >   ?
+** 4x @   A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O
+** 5x P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z   [   \   ]   ^   _
+** 6x `   a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o
+** 7x p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z   {   |   }   ~   ^_
+*/
+
+/*
+** Meanings for bytes in a filename:
+**
+**    0      Ordinary character.  No encoding required
+**    1      Needs to be escaped
+**    2      Illegal character.  Do not allow in a filename
+**    3      First byte of a 2-byte UTF-8
+**    4      First byte of a 3-byte UTF-8
+**    5      First byte of a 4-byte UTF-8
+*/
+static const char aSafeChar[256] = {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+/* Windows
+** Prohibit:  all control characters, including tab, \r and \n.
+** Escape:    (space) " # $ % & ' ( ) * ; < > ? [ ] ^ ` { | }
+*/
+/*  x0  x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  x6  x7  x8  x9  xa  xb  xc  xd  xe  xf  */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 0x */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 1x */
+     1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 2x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1, /* 3x */
+     1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 4x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  0,  1,  1,  0, /* 5x */
+     1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 6x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1, /* 7x */
+#else
+/* Unix
+** Prohibit:  all control characters, including tab, \r and \n
+** Escape:    (space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ; < > ? [ \ ] ^ ` { | }
+*/
+/*  x0  x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  x6  x7  x8  x9  xa  xb  xc  xd  xe  xf  */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 0x */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 1x */
+     1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 2x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1, /* 3x */
+     1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 4x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0, /* 5x */
+     1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, /* 6x */
+     0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1, /* 7x */
+#endif
+    /* all bytes 0x80 through 0xbf are unescaped, being secondary
+    ** bytes to UTF8 characters.  Bytes 0xc0 through 0xff are the
+    ** first byte of a UTF8 character and do get escaped */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 8x */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* 9x */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* ax */
+     2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2, /* bx */
+     3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3, /* cx */
+     3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3, /* dx */
+     4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4, /* ex */
+     5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5  /* fx */
+};
+
+/*
+** pStr is a shell command under construction.  This routine safely
+** appends filename argument zIn.  It returns 0 on success or non-zero
+** on any error.
+**
+** The argument is escaped if it contains white space or other characters
+** that need to be escaped for the shell.  If zIn contains characters
+** that cannot be safely escaped, then throw a fatal error.
+**
+** If the isFilename argument is true, then the argument is expected
+** to be a filename.  As shell commands commonly have command-line
+** options that begin with "-" and since we do not want an attacker
+** to be able to invoke these switches using filenames that begin
+** with "-", if zIn begins with "-", prepend an additional "./"
+** (or ".\\" on Windows).
+*/
+int append_escaped_arg(sqlite3_str *pStr, const char *zIn, int isFilename){
+  int i;
+  unsigned char c;
+  int needEscape = 0;
+  int n = sqlite3_str_length(pStr);
+  char *z = sqlite3_str_value(pStr);
+
+  /* Look for illegal byte-sequences and byte-sequences that require
+  ** escaping.  No control-characters are allowed.  All spaces and
+  ** non-ASCII unicode characters and some punctuation characters require
+  ** escaping. */
+  for(i=0; (c = (unsigned char)zIn[i])!=0; i++){
+    if( aSafeChar[c] ){
+      unsigned char x = aSafeChar[c];
+      needEscape = 1;
+      if( x==2 ){
+        /* Bad ASCII character */
+        return 1;
+      }else if( x>2 ){
+        if( (zIn[i+1]&0xc0)!=0x80
+         || (x>=4 && (zIn[i+2]&0xc0)!=0x80)
+         || (x==5 && (zIn[i+3]&0xc0)!=0x80)
+        ){
+          /* Bad UTF8 character */
+          return 1;
+        }
+        i += x-2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Separate from the previous argument by a space */
+  if( n>0 && !isspace(z[n-1]) ){
+    sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, ' ');
+  }
+
+  /* Check for characters that need quoting */
+  if( !needEscape ){
+    if( isFilename && zIn[0]=='-' ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '.');
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\\');
+#else
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '/');
+#endif
+    }
+    sqlite3_str_appendall(pStr, zIn);
+  }else{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    /* Quoting strategy for windows:
+    ** Put the entire name inside of "...".  Any " characters within
+    ** the name get doubled.
+    */
+    sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '"');
+    if( isFilename && zIn[0]=='-' ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '.');
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\\');
+    }else if( zIn[0]=='/' ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '.');
+    }
+    for(i=0; (c = (unsigned char)zIn[i])!=0; i++){
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, (char)c);
+      if( c=='"' ) sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '"');
+      if( c=='\\' ) sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\\');
+      if( c=='%' && isFilename ) sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "%cd:~,%", 7);
+    }
+    sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '"');
+#else
+    /* Quoting strategy for unix:
+    ** If the name does not contain ', then surround the whole thing
+    ** with '...'.   If there is one or more ' characters within the
+    ** name, then put \ before each special character.
+    */
+    if( strchr(zIn,'\'') ){
+      if( isFilename && zIn[0]=='-' ){
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '.');
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '/');
+      }
+      for(i=0; (c = (unsigned char)zIn[i])!=0; i++){
+        if( aSafeChar[c] && aSafeChar[c]!=2 ){
+          sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\\');
+        }
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, (char)c);
+      }
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\'');
+      if( isFilename && zIn[0]=='-' ){
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '.');
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '/');
+      }
+      sqlite3_str_appendall(pStr, zIn);
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, '\'');
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+/*****************************************************************************
+** End of the append_escaped_arg() routine, adapted from the Fossil         **
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+** The Hash Engine
+**
+** This is basically SHA3, though with a 160-bit hash, and reducing the
+** number of rounds in the KeccakF1600 step function from 24 to 6.
+*/
+/*
+** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
+** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
+**
+** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
+** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
+** -DHash_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
+** at run-time.
+*/
+#ifndef Hash_BYTEORDER
+# if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
+     defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
+     defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
+     defined(__arm__)
+#   define Hash_BYTEORDER    1234
+# elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
+#   define Hash_BYTEORDER    4321
+# else
+#   define Hash_BYTEORDER 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
+
+/*
+** State structure for a Hash hash in progress
+*/
+typedef struct HashContext HashContext;
+struct HashContext {
+  union {
+    u64 s[25];                /* Keccak state. 5x5 lines of 64 bits each */
+    unsigned char x[1600];    /* ... or 1600 bytes */
+  } u;
+  unsigned nRate;        /* Bytes of input accepted per Keccak iteration */
+  unsigned nLoaded;      /* Input bytes loaded into u.x[] so far this cycle */
+  unsigned ixMask;       /* Insert next input into u.x[nLoaded^ixMask]. */
+  unsigned iSize;        /* 224, 256, 358, or 512 */
+};
+
+/*
+** A single step of the Keccak mixing function for a 1600-bit state
+*/
+static void KeccakF1600Step(HashContext *p){
+  int i;
+  u64 b0, b1, b2, b3, b4;
+  u64 c0, c1, c2, c3, c4;
+  u64 d0, d1, d2, d3, d4;
+  static const u64 RC[] = {
+    0x0000000000000001ULL,  0x0000000000008082ULL,
+    0x800000000000808aULL,  0x8000000080008000ULL,
+    0x000000000000808bULL,  0x0000000080000001ULL,
+    0x8000000080008081ULL,  0x8000000000008009ULL,
+    0x000000000000008aULL,  0x0000000000000088ULL,
+    0x0000000080008009ULL,  0x000000008000000aULL,
+    0x000000008000808bULL,  0x800000000000008bULL,
+    0x8000000000008089ULL,  0x8000000000008003ULL,
+    0x8000000000008002ULL,  0x8000000000000080ULL,
+    0x000000000000800aULL,  0x800000008000000aULL,
+    0x8000000080008081ULL,  0x8000000000008080ULL,
+    0x0000000080000001ULL,  0x8000000080008008ULL
+  };
+# define a00 (p->u.s[0])
+# define a01 (p->u.s[1])
+# define a02 (p->u.s[2])
+# define a03 (p->u.s[3])
+# define a04 (p->u.s[4])
+# define a10 (p->u.s[5])
+# define a11 (p->u.s[6])
+# define a12 (p->u.s[7])
+# define a13 (p->u.s[8])
+# define a14 (p->u.s[9])
+# define a20 (p->u.s[10])
+# define a21 (p->u.s[11])
+# define a22 (p->u.s[12])
+# define a23 (p->u.s[13])
+# define a24 (p->u.s[14])
+# define a30 (p->u.s[15])
+# define a31 (p->u.s[16])
+# define a32 (p->u.s[17])
+# define a33 (p->u.s[18])
+# define a34 (p->u.s[19])
+# define a40 (p->u.s[20])
+# define a41 (p->u.s[21])
+# define a42 (p->u.s[22])
+# define a43 (p->u.s[23])
+# define a44 (p->u.s[24])
+# define ROL64(a,x) ((a<<x)|(a>>(64-x)))
+
+  /*         v---- Number of rounds.  SHA3 has 24 here. */
+  for(i=0; i<6; i++){
+    c0 = a00^a10^a20^a30^a40;
+    c1 = a01^a11^a21^a31^a41;
+    c2 = a02^a12^a22^a32^a42;
+    c3 = a03^a13^a23^a33^a43;
+    c4 = a04^a14^a24^a34^a44;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
+
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a11^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a22^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a33^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a44^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i];
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
+
+    b2 = ROL64((a20^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a31^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a42^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a03^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
+
+    b4 = ROL64((a40^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a01^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a12^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a34^d4), 8);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
+
+    b1 = ROL64((a10^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a21^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a43^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a04^d4), 27);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
+
+    b3 = ROL64((a30^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a02^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a13^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a24^d4), 39);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize a new hash.  iSize determines the size of the hash
+** in bits and should be one of 224, 256, 384, or 512.  Or iSize
+** can be zero to use the default hash size of 256 bits.
+*/
+static void HashInit(HashContext *p, int iSize){
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  p->iSize = iSize;
+  if( iSize>=128 && iSize<=512 ){
+    p->nRate = (1600 - ((iSize + 31)&~31)*2)/8;
+  }else{
+    p->nRate = (1600 - 2*256)/8;
+  }
+#if Hash_BYTEORDER==1234
+  /* Known to be little-endian at compile-time. No-op */
+#elif Hash_BYTEORDER==4321
+  p->ixMask = 7;  /* Big-endian */
+#else
+  {
+    static unsigned int one = 1;
+    if( 1==*(unsigned char*)&one ){
+      /* Little endian.  No byte swapping. */
+      p->ixMask = 0;
+    }else{
+      /* Big endian.  Byte swap. */
+      p->ixMask = 7;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Make consecutive calls to the HashUpdate function to add new content
+** to the hash
+*/
+static void HashUpdate(
+  HashContext *p,
+  const unsigned char *aData,
+  unsigned int nData
+){
+  unsigned int i = 0;
+  if( aData==0 ) return;
+#if Hash_BYTEORDER==1234
+  if( (p->nLoaded % 8)==0 && ((aData - (const unsigned char*)0)&7)==0 ){
+    for(; i+7<nData; i+=8){
+      p->u.s[p->nLoaded/8] ^= *(u64*)&aData[i];
+      p->nLoaded += 8;
+      if( p->nLoaded>=p->nRate ){
+        KeccakF1600Step(p);
+        p->nLoaded = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  for(; i<nData; i++){
+#if Hash_BYTEORDER==1234
+    p->u.x[p->nLoaded] ^= aData[i];
+#elif Hash_BYTEORDER==4321
+    p->u.x[p->nLoaded^0x07] ^= aData[i];
+#else
+    p->u.x[p->nLoaded^p->ixMask] ^= aData[i];
+#endif
+    p->nLoaded++;
+    if( p->nLoaded==p->nRate ){
+      KeccakF1600Step(p);
+      p->nLoaded = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** After all content has been added, invoke HashFinal() to compute
+** the final hash.  The function returns a pointer to the binary
+** hash value.
+*/
+static unsigned char *HashFinal(HashContext *p){
+  unsigned int i;
+  if( p->nLoaded==p->nRate-1 ){
+    const unsigned char c1 = 0x86;
+    HashUpdate(p, &c1, 1);
+  }else{
+    const unsigned char c2 = 0x06;
+    const unsigned char c3 = 0x80;
+    HashUpdate(p, &c2, 1);
+    p->nLoaded = p->nRate - 1;
+    HashUpdate(p, &c3, 1);
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<p->nRate; i++){
+    p->u.x[i+p->nRate] = p->u.x[i^p->ixMask];
+  }
+  return &p->u.x[p->nRate];
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the hash(X) function.
+**
+** Return a 160-bit BLOB which is the hash of X.
+*/
+static void hashFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  HashContext cx;
+  int eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]);
+  int nByte = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+  if( eType==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
+  HashInit(&cx, 160);
+  if( eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+    HashUpdate(&cx, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]), nByte);
+  }else{
+    HashUpdate(&cx, sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]), nByte);
+  }
+  sqlite3_result_blob(context, HashFinal(&cx), 160/8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+}
+
+/* Register the hash function */
+static int hashRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+   return sqlite3_create_function(db, "hash", 1,
+                SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_INNOCUOUS | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,
+                0, hashFunc, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* End of the hashing logic
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+** Return the tail of a file pathname.  The tail is the last component
+** of the path.  For example, the tail of "/a/b/c.d" is "c.d".
+*/
+const char *file_tail(const char *z){
+  const char *zTail = z;
+  if( !zTail ) return 0;
+  while( z[0] ){
+    if( z[0]=='/' ) zTail = &z[1];
+    z++;
+  }
+  return zTail;
+}
+
+/*
+** Append error message text to the error file, if an error file is
+** specified.  In any case, increment the error count.
+*/
+static void logError(SQLiteRsync *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  if( p->zErrFile ){
+    FILE *pErr = fopen(p->zErrFile, "a");
+    if( pErr ){
+      va_list ap;
+      va_start(ap, zFormat);
+      vfprintf(pErr, zFormat, ap);
+      va_end(ap);
+      fclose(pErr);
+    }
+  }
+  p->nErr++;
+}
+
+
+/* Read a single big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer from the input
+** stream.  Return 0 on success and 1 if there are any errors.
+*/
+static int readUint32(SQLiteRsync *p, unsigned int *pU){
+  unsigned char buf[4];
+  if( fread(buf, sizeof(buf), 1, p->pIn)==1 ){
+    *pU = (buf[0]<<24) | (buf[1]<<16) | (buf[2]<<8) | buf[3];
+    p->nIn += 4;
+    return 0;
+  }else{
+    logError(p, "failed to read a 32-bit integer\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Write a single big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer to the output stream.
+** Return 0 on success and 1 if there are any errors.
+*/
+static int writeUint32(SQLiteRsync *p, unsigned int x){
+  unsigned char buf[4];
+  buf[3] = x & 0xff;
+  x >>= 8;
+  buf[2] = x & 0xff;
+  x >>= 8;
+  buf[1] = x & 0xff;
+  x >>= 8;
+  buf[0] = x;
+  if( p->pLog ) fwrite(buf, sizeof(buf), 1, p->pLog);
+  if( fwrite(buf, sizeof(buf), 1, p->pOut)!=1 ){
+    logError(p, "failed to write 32-bit integer 0x%x\n", x);
+    p->nWrErr++;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  p->nOut += 4;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Read a single byte from the wire.
+*/
+int readByte(SQLiteRsync *p){
+  int c = fgetc(p->pIn);
+  if( c!=EOF ) p->nIn++;
+  return c;
+}
+
+/* Write a single byte into the wire.
+*/
+void writeByte(SQLiteRsync *p, int c){
+  if( p->pLog ) fputc(c, p->pLog);
+  fputc(c, p->pOut);
+  p->nOut++;
+}
+
+/* Read a power of two encoded as a single byte.
+*/
+int readPow2(SQLiteRsync *p){
+  int x = readByte(p);
+  if( x<0 || x>=32 ){
+    logError(p, "read invalid page size %d\n", x);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1<<x;
+}
+
+/* Write a power-of-two value onto the wire as a single byte.
+*/
+void writePow2(SQLiteRsync *p, int c){
+  int n;
+  if( c<0 || (c&(c-1))!=0 ){
+    logError(p, "trying to read invalid page size %d\n", c);
+  }
+  for(n=0; c>1; n++){ c /= 2; }
+  writeByte(p, n);
+}
+
+/* Read an array of bytes from the wire.
+*/
+void readBytes(SQLiteRsync *p, int nByte, void *pData){
+  if( fread(pData, 1, nByte, p->pIn)==nByte ){
+    p->nIn += nByte;
+  }else{
+    logError(p, "failed to read %d bytes\n", nByte);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Write an array of bytes onto the wire.
+*/
+void writeBytes(SQLiteRsync *p, int nByte, const void *pData){
+  if( p->pLog ) fwrite(pData, 1, nByte, p->pLog);
+  if( fwrite(pData, 1, nByte, p->pOut)==nByte ){
+    p->nOut += nByte;
+  }else{
+    logError(p, "failed to write %d bytes\n", nByte);
+    p->nWrErr++;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Report an error.
+**
+** If this happens on the remote side, we send back a *_ERROR
+** message.  On the local side, the error message goes to stderr.
+*/
+static void reportError(SQLiteRsync *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *zMsg;
+  unsigned int nMsg;
+  va_start(ap, zFormat);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  nMsg = zMsg ? (unsigned int)strlen(zMsg) : 0;
+  if( p->isRemote ){
+    if( p->isReplica ){
+      putc(REPLICA_ERROR, p->pOut);
+    }else{
+      putc(ORIGIN_ERROR, p->pOut);
+    }
+    writeUint32(p, nMsg);
+    writeBytes(p, nMsg, zMsg);
+    fflush(p->pOut);
+  }else{
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", zMsg);
+  }
+  logError(p, "%s\n", zMsg);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+}
+
+/* Send an informational message.
+**
+** If this happens on the remote side, we send back a *_MSG 
+** message.  On the local side, the message goes to stdout.
+*/
+static void infoMsg(SQLiteRsync *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *zMsg;
+  unsigned int nMsg;
+  va_start(ap, zFormat);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  nMsg = zMsg ? (unsigned int)strlen(zMsg) : 0;
+  if( p->isRemote ){
+    if( p->isReplica ){
+      putc(REPLICA_MSG, p->pOut);
+    }else{
+      putc(ORIGIN_MSG, p->pOut);
+    }
+    writeUint32(p, nMsg);
+    writeBytes(p, nMsg, zMsg);
+    fflush(p->pOut);
+  }else{
+    printf("%s\n", zMsg);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+}
+
+/* Receive and report an error message coming from the other side.
+*/
+static void readAndDisplayMessage(SQLiteRsync *p, int c){
+  unsigned int n = 0;
+  char *zMsg;
+  const char *zPrefix;
+  if( c==ORIGIN_ERROR || c==REPLICA_ERROR ){
+    zPrefix = "ERROR: ";
+  }else{
+    zPrefix = "";
+  }
+  readUint32(p, &n);
+  if( n==0 ){
+    fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: unknown (possibly out-of-memory)\n");
+  }else{
+    zMsg = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
+    if( zMsg==0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: out-of-memory\n");
+      return;
+    }
+    memset(zMsg, 0, n+1);
+    readBytes(p, n, zMsg);
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s%s\n", zPrefix, zMsg);
+    if( zPrefix[0] ) logError(p, "%s%s\n", zPrefix, zMsg);
+    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Construct a new prepared statement.  Report an error and return NULL
+** if anything goes wrong.
+*/
+static sqlite3_stmt *prepareStmtVA(
+  SQLiteRsync *p,
+  char *zFormat,
+  va_list ap
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zSql;
+  char *zToFree = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( strchr(zFormat,'%') ){
+    zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+    if( zSql==0 ){
+      reportError(p, "out-of-memory");
+      return 0;
+    }else{
+      zToFree = zSql;
+    }
+  }else{
+    zSql = zFormat;
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  if( rc || pStmt==0 ){
+    reportError(p, "unable to prepare SQL [%s]: %s", zSql,
+                sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    pStmt = 0;
+  }
+  if( zToFree ) sqlite3_free(zToFree);
+  return pStmt;
+}
+static sqlite3_stmt *prepareStmt(
+  SQLiteRsync *p,
+  char *zFormat,
+  ...
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFormat);
+  pStmt = prepareStmtVA(p, zFormat, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return pStmt;
+}
+
+/* Run a single SQL statement
+*/
+static void runSql(SQLiteRsync *p, char *zSql, ...){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  va_list ap;
+
+  va_start(ap, zSql);
+  pStmt = prepareStmtVA(p, zSql, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  if( pStmt ){
+    int rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ) rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+      reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed: %s", zSql,
+                  sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+    }
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Run an SQL statement that returns a single unsigned 32-bit integer result
+*/
+static int runSqlReturnUInt(
+  SQLiteRsync *p,
+  unsigned int *pRes,
+  char *zSql,
+  ...
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  int res = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+
+  va_start(ap, zSql);
+  pStmt = prepareStmtVA(p, zSql, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  if( pStmt==0 ){
+    res = 1;
+  }else{
+    int rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      *pRes = (unsigned int)(sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0)&0xffffffff);
+    }else{
+      reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed: %s", zSql,
+                  sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      res = 1;
+    }
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Run an SQL statement that returns a single TEXT value that is no more
+** than 99 bytes in length.
+*/
+static int runSqlReturnText(
+  SQLiteRsync *p,
+  char *pRes,
+  char *zSql,
+  ...
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  int res = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+
+  va_start(ap, zSql);
+  pStmt = prepareStmtVA(p, zSql, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  pRes[0] = 0;
+  if( pStmt==0 ){
+    res = 1;
+  }else{
+    int rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      const unsigned char *a = sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+      int n;
+      if( a==0 ){
+        pRes[0] = 0;
+      }else{
+        n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
+        if( n>99 ) n = 99;
+        memcpy(pRes, a, n);
+        pRes[n] = 0;
+      }
+    }else{
+      reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed: %s", zSql,
+                  sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      res = 1;
+    }
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Close the database connection associated with p
+*/
+static void closeDb(SQLiteRsync *p){
+  if( p->db ){
+    sqlite3_close(p->db);
+    p->db = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Run the origin-side protocol.
+**
+** Begin by sending the ORIGIN_BEGIN message with two arguments,
+** nPage, and szPage.  Then enter a loop responding to message from
+** the replica:
+**
+**    REPLICA_ERROR  size  text
+**
+**         Report an error from the replica and quit
+**
+**    REPLICA_END
+**
+**         The replica is terminating.  Stop processing now.
+**
+**    REPLICA_HASH  hash
+**
+**         The argument is the 20-byte SHA1 hash for the next page
+**         page hashes appear in sequential order with no gaps.
+**
+**    REPLICA_READY
+**
+**         The replica has sent all the hashes that it intends to send.
+**         This side (the origin) can now start responding with page
+**         content for pages that do not have a matching hash.
+*/
+static void originSide(SQLiteRsync *p){
+  int rc = 0;
+  int c = 0;
+  unsigned int nPage = 0;
+  unsigned int iPage = 0;
+  unsigned int szPg = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pCkHash = 0;
+  char buf[200];
+
+  p->isReplica = 0;
+  if( p->bCommCheck ){
+    infoMsg(p, "origin  zOrigin=%Q zReplica=%Q isRemote=%d protocol=%d",
+               p->zOrigin, p->zReplica, p->isRemote, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+    writeByte(p, ORIGIN_END);
+    fflush(p->pOut);
+  }else{
+    /* Open the ORIGIN database. */
+    rc = sqlite3_open_v2(p->zOrigin, &p->db, SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0);
+    if( rc ){
+      reportError(p, "cannot open origin \"%s\": %s",
+                  p->zOrigin, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+      closeDb(p);
+      return;
+    }
+    hashRegister(p->db);
+    runSql(p, "BEGIN");
+    runSqlReturnText(p, buf, "PRAGMA journal_mode");
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(buf,"wal")!=0 ){
+      reportError(p, "Origin database is not in WAL mode");
+    }
+    runSqlReturnUInt(p, &nPage, "PRAGMA page_count");
+    runSqlReturnUInt(p, &szPg, "PRAGMA page_size");
+  
+    if( p->nErr==0 ){
+      /* Send the ORIGIN_BEGIN message */
+      writeByte(p, ORIGIN_BEGIN);
+      writeByte(p, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+      writePow2(p, szPg);
+      writeUint32(p, nPage);
+      fflush(p->pOut);
+      p->nPage = nPage;
+      p->szPage = szPg;
+      p->iProtocol = PROTOCOL_VERSION;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /* Respond to message from the replica */
+  while( p->nErr<=p->nWrErr && (c = readByte(p))!=EOF && c!=REPLICA_END ){
+    switch( c ){
+      case REPLICA_BEGIN: {
+        /* This message is only sent if the replica received an origin-protocol
+        ** that is larger than what it knows about.  The replica sends back
+        ** a counter-proposal of an earlier protocol which the origin can
+        ** accept by resending a new ORIGIN_BEGIN. */
+        p->iProtocol = readByte(p);
+        writeByte(p, ORIGIN_BEGIN);
+        writeByte(p, p->iProtocol);
+        writePow2(p, p->szPage);
+        writeUint32(p, p->nPage);
+        break;
+      }
+      case REPLICA_MSG:
+      case REPLICA_ERROR: {
+        readAndDisplayMessage(p, c);
+        break;
+      }
+      case REPLICA_HASH: {
+        if( pCkHash==0 ){
+          runSql(p, "CREATE TEMP TABLE badHash(pgno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)");
+          pCkHash = prepareStmt(p,
+            "INSERT INTO badHash SELECT pgno FROM sqlite_dbpage('main')"
+            " WHERE pgno=?1 AND hash(data)!=?2"
+          );
+          if( pCkHash==0 ) break;
+        }
+        p->nHashSent++;
+        iPage++;
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(pCkHash, 1, iPage);
+        readBytes(p, 20, buf);
+        sqlite3_bind_blob(pCkHash, 2, buf, 20, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        rc = sqlite3_step(pCkHash);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+          reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed: %s",
+                      sqlite3_sql(pCkHash), sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+        }
+        sqlite3_reset(pCkHash);
+        break;
+      }
+      case REPLICA_READY: {
+        sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+        sqlite3_finalize(pCkHash);
+        pCkHash = 0;
+        if( iPage+1<p->nPage ){
+          runSql(p, "WITH RECURSIVE c(n) AS"
+                    " (VALUES(%d) UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM c WHERE n<%d)"
+                    " INSERT INTO badHash SELECT n FROM c",
+                    iPage+1, p->nPage);
+        }
+        pStmt = prepareStmt(p,
+               "SELECT pgno, data"
+               "  FROM badHash JOIN sqlite_dbpage('main') USING(pgno)");
+        if( pStmt==0 ) break;
+        while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW && p->nErr==0 && p->nWrErr==0 ){
+          unsigned int pgno = (unsigned int)sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt,0);
+          const void *pContent = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 1);
+          writeByte(p, ORIGIN_PAGE);
+          writeUint32(p, pgno);
+          writeBytes(p, szPg, pContent);
+          p->nPageSent++;
+        }
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+        writeByte(p, ORIGIN_TXN);
+        writeUint32(p, nPage);
+        writeByte(p, ORIGIN_END);
+        fflush(p->pOut);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        reportError(p, "Unknown message 0x%02x %lld bytes into conversation",
+                       c, p->nIn);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCkHash ) sqlite3_finalize(pCkHash);
+  closeDb(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Run the replica-side protocol.  The protocol is passive in the sense
+** that it only response to message from the origin side.
+**
+**    ORIGIN_BEGIN  idProtocol szPage nPage
+**
+**         The origin is reporting the protocol version number, the size of
+**         each page in the origin database (sent as a single-byte power-of-2),
+**         and the number of pages in the origin database.
+**         This procedure checks compatibility, and if everything is ok,
+**         it starts sending hashes of pages already present back to the origin.
+**
+**    ORIGIN_ERROR  size text
+**
+**         Report the received error and quit.
+**
+**    ORIGIN_PAGE  pgno content
+**
+**         Update the content of the given page.
+**
+**    ORIGIN_TXN   pgno
+**
+**         Close the update transaction.  The total database size is pgno
+**         pages.
+**
+**    ORIGIN_END
+**
+**         Expect no more transmissions from the origin.
+*/
+static void replicaSide(SQLiteRsync *p){
+  int c;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIns = 0;
+  unsigned int szOPage = 0;
+  char buf[65536];
+
+  p->isReplica = 1;
+  if( p->bCommCheck ){
+    infoMsg(p, "replica zOrigin=%Q zReplica=%Q isRemote=%d protocol=%d",
+               p->zOrigin, p->zReplica, p->isRemote, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+    writeByte(p, REPLICA_END);
+    fflush(p->pOut);
+  }
+
+  /* Respond to message from the origin.  The origin will initiate the
+  ** the conversation with an ORIGIN_BEGIN message.
+  */
+  while( p->nErr<=p->nWrErr && (c = readByte(p))!=EOF && c!=ORIGIN_END ){
+    switch( c ){
+      case ORIGIN_MSG:
+      case ORIGIN_ERROR: {
+        readAndDisplayMessage(p, c);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ORIGIN_BEGIN: {
+        unsigned int nOPage = 0;
+        unsigned int nRPage = 0, szRPage = 0;
+        int rc = 0;
+        sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+
+        closeDb(p);
+        p->iProtocol = readByte(p);
+        szOPage = readPow2(p);
+        readUint32(p, &nOPage);
+        if( p->nErr ) break;
+        if( p->iProtocol>PROTOCOL_VERSION ){
+          /* If the protocol version on the origin side is larger, send back
+          ** a REPLICA_BEGIN message with the protocol version number of the
+          ** replica side.  This gives the origin an opportunity to resend
+          ** a new ORIGIN_BEGIN with a reduced protocol version. */
+          writeByte(p, REPLICA_BEGIN);
+          writeByte(p, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+          break;
+        }
+        p->nPage = nOPage;
+        p->szPage = szOPage;
+        rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &p->db);
+        if( rc ){
+          reportError(p, "cannot open in-memory database: %s",
+                      sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+          closeDb(p);
+          break;
+        }
+        runSql(p, "ATTACH %Q AS 'replica'", p->zReplica);
+        if( p->nErr ){
+          closeDb(p);
+          break;
+        }
+        hashRegister(p->db);
+        if( runSqlReturnUInt(p, &nRPage, "PRAGMA replica.page_count") ){
+          break;
+        }
+        if( nRPage==0 ){
+          runSql(p, "PRAGMA replica.page_size=%u", szOPage);
+          runSql(p, "PRAGMA replica.journal_mode=WAL");
+          runSql(p, "SELECT * FROM replica.sqlite_schema");
+        }
+        runSql(p, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE");
+        runSqlReturnText(p, buf, "PRAGMA replica.journal_mode");
+        if( strcmp(buf, "wal")!=0 ){
+          reportError(p, "replica is not in WAL mode");
+          break;
+        }
+        runSqlReturnUInt(p, &nRPage, "PRAGMA replica.page_count");
+        runSqlReturnUInt(p, &szRPage, "PRAGMA replica.page_size");
+        if( szRPage!=szOPage ){
+          reportError(p, "page size mismatch; origin is %d bytes and "
+                         "replica is %d bytes", szOPage, szRPage);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        pStmt = prepareStmt(p,
+                   "SELECT hash(data) FROM sqlite_dbpage('replica')"
+                   " WHERE pgno<=min(%d,%d)"
+                   " ORDER BY pgno", nRPage, nOPage);
+        while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW && p->nErr==0 && p->nWrErr==0 ){
+          const unsigned char *a = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
+          writeByte(p, REPLICA_HASH);
+          writeBytes(p, 20, a);
+          p->nHashSent++;
+        }
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+        writeByte(p, REPLICA_READY);
+        fflush(p->pOut);
+        runSql(p, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON");
+        break;
+      }
+      case ORIGIN_TXN: {
+        unsigned int nOPage = 0;
+        readUint32(p, &nOPage);
+        if( pIns==0 ){
+          /* Nothing has changed */
+          runSql(p, "COMMIT");
+        }else if( p->nErr ){
+          runSql(p, "ROLLBACK");
+        }else{
+          int rc;
+          sqlite3_bind_int64(pIns, 1, nOPage);
+          sqlite3_bind_null(pIns, 2);
+          rc = sqlite3_step(pIns);
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+            reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed (pgno=%u, data=NULL): %s",
+                   sqlite3_sql(pIns), nOPage, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+          }
+          sqlite3_reset(pIns);
+          p->nPage = nOPage;
+          runSql(p, "COMMIT");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case ORIGIN_PAGE: {
+        unsigned int pgno = 0;
+        int rc;
+        readUint32(p, &pgno);
+        if( p->nErr ) break;
+        if( pIns==0 ){
+          pIns = prepareStmt(p,
+            "INSERT INTO sqlite_dbpage(pgno,data,schema)VALUES(?1,?2,'replica')"
+          );
+          if( pIns==0 ) break;
+        }
+        readBytes(p, szOPage, buf);
+        if( p->nErr ) break;
+        p->nPageSent++;
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(pIns, 1, pgno);
+        sqlite3_bind_blob(pIns, 2, buf, szOPage, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        rc = sqlite3_step(pIns);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+          reportError(p, "SQL statement [%s] failed (pgno=%u): %s",
+                 sqlite3_sql(pIns), pgno, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+        }
+        sqlite3_reset(pIns);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        reportError(p, "Unknown message 0x%02x %lld bytes into conversation",
+                       c, p->nIn);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pIns ) sqlite3_finalize(pIns);
+  closeDb(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** The argument might be -vvv...vv with any number of "v"s.  Return
+** the number of "v"s.  Return 0 if the argument is not a -vvv...v.
+*/
+static int numVs(const char *z){
+  int n = 0;
+  if( z[0]!='-' ) return 0;
+  z++;
+  if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
+  while( z[0]=='v' ){ n++; z++; }
+  if( z[0]==0 ) return n;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Get the argument to an --option.  Throw an error and die if no argument
+** is available.
+*/
+static const char *cmdline_option_value(int argc, const char * const*argv,
+                                        int i){
+  if( i==argc ){
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: missing argument to %s\n",
+            argv[0], argv[argc-1]);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return argv[i];
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the current time in milliseconds since the Julian epoch.
+*/
+sqlite3_int64 currentTime(void){
+  sqlite3_int64 now = 0;
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
+  if( pVfs && pVfs->iVersion>=2 && pVfs->xCurrentTimeInt64!=0 ){
+    pVfs->xCurrentTimeInt64(pVfs, &now);
+  }
+  return now;
+}
+
+/*
+** Input string zIn might be in any of these formats:
+**
+**    (1) PATH
+**    (2) HOST:PATH
+**    (3) USER@HOST:PATH
+**
+** For format 1, return NULL.  For formats 2 and 3, return
+** a pointer to the ':' character that separates the hostname
+** from the path.
+*/
+static char *hostSeparator(const char *zIn){
+  char *zPath = strchr(zIn, ':');
+  if( zPath==0 ) return 0;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if( isalpha(zIn[0]) && zIn[1]==':' && (zIn[2]=='/' || zIn[2]=='\\') ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+  while( zIn<zPath ){
+    if( zIn[0]=='/' ) return 0;
+    if( zIn[0]=='\\' ) return 0;
+    zIn++;
+  }
+  return zPath;
+
+}
+
+/*
+** Parse command-line arguments.  Dispatch subroutines to do the
+** requested work.
+**
+** Input formats:
+**
+**  (1)    sqlite3-rsync  FILENAME1  USER@HOST:FILENAME2
+**
+**  (2)    sqlite3-rsync  USER@HOST:FILENAME1  FILENAME2
+**
+**  (3)    sqlite3-rsync --origin FILENAME1
+**
+**  (4)    sqlite3-rsync --replica FILENAME2
+**
+** The user types (1) or (2).  SSH launches (3) or (4).
+**
+** If (1) is seen then popen2 is used launch (4) on the remote and
+** originSide() is called locally.
+**
+** If (2) is seen, then popen2() is used to launch (3) on the remote
+** and replicaSide() is run locally.
+**
+** If (3) is seen, call originSide() on stdin and stdout.
+**
+q** If (4) is seen, call replicaSide() on stdin and stdout.
+*/
+int main(int argc, char const * const *argv){
+  int isOrigin = 0;
+  int isReplica = 0;
+  int i;
+  SQLiteRsync ctx;
+  char *zDiv;
+  FILE *pIn = 0;
+  FILE *pOut = 0;
+  int childPid = 0;
+  const char *zSsh = "ssh";
+  const char *zExe = "sqlite3-rsync";
+  char *zCmd = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 tmStart;
+  sqlite3_int64 tmEnd;
+  sqlite3_int64 tmElapse;
+  const char *zRemoteErrFile = 0;
+
+#define cli_opt_val cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i)
+  memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
+  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
+    const char *z = argv[i];
+    if( strcmp(z,"--origin")==0 ){
+      isOrigin = 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z,"--replica")==0 ){
+      isReplica = 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( numVs(z) ){
+      ctx.eVerbose += numVs(z);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--ssh")==0 ){
+      zSsh = cli_opt_val;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--exe")==0 ){
+      zExe = cli_opt_val;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--logfile")==0 ){
+      /* DEBUG OPTION:  --logfile FILENAME
+      ** Cause all local output traffic to be duplicated in FILENAME */
+      const char *zLog = cli_opt_val;
+      if( ctx.pLog ) fclose(ctx.pLog);
+      ctx.pLog = fopen(zLog, "wb");
+      if( ctx.pLog==0 ){
+        fprintf(stderr, "cannot open \"%s\" for writing\n", argv[i]);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--errorfile")==0 ){
+      /* DEBUG OPTION:  --errorfile FILENAME
+      ** Error messages on the local side are written into FILENAME */
+      ctx.zErrFile = cli_opt_val;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--remote-errorfile")==0 ){
+      /* DEBUG OPTION:  --remote-errorfile FILENAME
+      ** Error messages on the remote side are written into FILENAME on
+      ** the remote side. */
+      zRemoteErrFile = cli_opt_val;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "-help")==0 || strcmp(z, "--help")==0
+     || strcmp(z, "-?")==0
+    ){
+      printf("%s", zUsage);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if( strcmp(z, "--version")==0 ){
+      printf("%s\n", sqlite3_sourceid());
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if( z[0]=='-' ){
+      if( strcmp(z,"--commcheck")==0 ){  /* DEBUG ONLY */
+        /* Run a communication check with the remote side.  Do not attempt
+        ** to exchange any database connection */
+        ctx.bCommCheck = 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( strcmp(z,"--arg-escape-check")==0 ){  /* DEBUG ONLY */
+        /* Test the append_escaped_arg() routine by using it to render a
+        ** copy of the input command-line, assuming all arguments except
+        ** this one are filenames. */
+        sqlite3_str *pStr = sqlite3_str_new(0);
+        int k;
+        for(k=0; k<argc; k++){
+          append_escaped_arg(pStr, argv[k], i!=k);
+        }
+        printf("%s\n", sqlite3_str_value(pStr));
+        return 0;
+      }
+      fprintf(stderr,
+         "unknown option: \"%s\". Use --help for more detail.\n", z);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if( ctx.zOrigin==0 ){
+      ctx.zOrigin = z;
+    }else if( ctx.zReplica==0 ){
+      ctx.zReplica = z;
+    }else{
+      fprintf(stderr, "Unknown argument: \"%s\"\n", z);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if( ctx.zOrigin==0 ){
+    fprintf(stderr, "missing ORIGIN database filename\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( ctx.zReplica==0 ){
+    fprintf(stderr, "missing REPLICA database filename\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( isOrigin && isReplica ){
+    fprintf(stderr, "bad option combination\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( isOrigin ){
+    ctx.pIn = stdin;
+    ctx.pOut = stdout;
+    ctx.isRemote = 1;
+    originSide(&ctx);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if( isReplica ){
+    ctx.pIn = stdin;
+    ctx.pOut = stdout;
+    ctx.isRemote = 1;
+    replicaSide(&ctx);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if( ctx.zReplica==0 ){
+    fprintf(stderr, "missing REPLICA database filename\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  tmStart = currentTime();
+  zDiv = hostSeparator(ctx.zOrigin);
+  if( zDiv ){
+    if( hostSeparator(ctx.zReplica)!=0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr,
+         "At least one of ORIGIN and REPLICA must be a local database\n"
+         "You provided two remote databases.\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+    /* Remote ORIGIN and local REPLICA */
+    sqlite3_str *pStr = sqlite3_str_new(0);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zSsh, 1);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, " -e none");
+    *(zDiv++) = 0;
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, ctx.zOrigin, 0);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zExe, 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--origin", 0);
+    if( ctx.bCommCheck ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--commcheck", 0);
+      if( ctx.eVerbose==0 ) ctx.eVerbose = 1;
+    }
+    if( zRemoteErrFile ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--errorfile", 0);
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, zRemoteErrFile, 1);
+    }
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zDiv, 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, file_tail(ctx.zReplica), 1);
+    zCmd = sqlite3_str_finish(pStr);
+    if( ctx.eVerbose>=2 ) printf("%s\n", zCmd);
+    if( popen2(zCmd, &ctx.pIn, &ctx.pOut, &childPid, 0) ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Could not start auxiliary process: %s\n", zCmd);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    replicaSide(&ctx);
+  }else if( (zDiv = hostSeparator(ctx.zReplica))!=0 ){
+    /* Local ORIGIN and remote REPLICA */
+    sqlite3_str *pStr = sqlite3_str_new(0);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zSsh, 1);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, " -e none");
+    *(zDiv++) = 0;
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, ctx.zReplica, 0);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zExe, 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--replica", 0);
+    if( ctx.bCommCheck ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--commcheck", 0);
+      if( ctx.eVerbose==0 ) ctx.eVerbose = 1;
+    }
+    if( zRemoteErrFile ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--errorfile", 0);
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, zRemoteErrFile, 1);
+    }
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, file_tail(ctx.zOrigin), 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, zDiv, 1);
+    zCmd = sqlite3_str_finish(pStr);
+    if( ctx.eVerbose>=2 ) printf("%s\n", zCmd);
+    if( popen2(zCmd, &ctx.pIn, &ctx.pOut, &childPid, 0) ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Could not start auxiliary process: %s\n", zCmd);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    originSide(&ctx);
+  }else{
+    /* Local ORIGIN and REPLICA */
+    sqlite3_str *pStr = sqlite3_str_new(0);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, argv[0], 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--replica", 0);
+    if( ctx.bCommCheck ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--commcheck", 0);
+    }
+    if( zRemoteErrFile ){
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, "--errorfile", 0);
+      append_escaped_arg(pStr, zRemoteErrFile, 1);
+    }
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, ctx.zOrigin, 1);
+    append_escaped_arg(pStr, ctx.zReplica, 1);
+    zCmd = sqlite3_str_finish(pStr);
+    if( ctx.eVerbose>=2 ) printf("%s\n", zCmd);
+    if( popen2(zCmd, &ctx.pIn, &ctx.pOut, &childPid, 0) ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "Could not start auxiliary process: %s\n", zCmd);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    originSide(&ctx);
+  }
+  pclose2(ctx.pIn, ctx.pOut, childPid);
+  if( ctx.pLog ) fclose(ctx.pLog);
+  tmEnd = currentTime();
+  tmElapse = tmEnd - tmStart;  /* Elapse time in milliseconds */
+  if( ctx.nErr ){
+    printf("Databases were not synced due to errors\n");
+  }
+  if( ctx.eVerbose>=1 ){
+    char *zMsg;
+    sqlite3_int64 szTotal = (sqlite3_int64)ctx.nPage*(sqlite3_int64)ctx.szPage;
+    sqlite3_int64 nIO = ctx.nOut +ctx.nIn;
+    zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("sent %,lld bytes, received %,lld bytes",
+                           ctx.nOut, ctx.nIn);
+    printf("%s", zMsg);
+    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+    if( tmElapse>0 ){
+      zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(", %,.2f bytes/sec",
+                             1000.0*(double)nIO/(double)tmElapse);
+      printf("%s\n", zMsg);
+      sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+    }else{
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+    if( ctx.nErr==0 ){
+      if( nIO<=szTotal && nIO>0 ){
+        zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("total size %,lld  speedup is %.2f",
+           szTotal, (double)szTotal/(double)nIO);
+      }else{
+        zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("total size %,lld", szTotal);
+      }
+      printf("%s\n", zMsg);
+      sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zCmd);
+  if( pIn!=0 && pOut!=0 ){
+    pclose2(pIn, pOut, childPid);
+  }
+  return ctx.nErr;
+}
diff --git a/tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in b/tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in
index 2d799ed250..1c9fc836a1 100644
--- a/tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in
+++ b/tool/sqlite3_analyzer.c.in
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ INCLUDE sqlite3.c
 INCLUDE $ROOT/src/tclsqlite.c
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-INCLUDE $ROOT/ext/consio/console_io.h
-INCLUDE $ROOT/ext/consio/console_io.c
+INCLUDE $ROOT/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.h
+INCLUDE $ROOT/ext/misc/sqlite3_stdio.c
 
 /* Substitute "puts" command.  Only these forms recognized:
 **
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static int subst_puts(
       return TCL_ERROR;
     }
   }
-  fPutsUtf8(zOut, pOut);
-  if( addNewLine ) fPutsUtf8("\n", pOut);
+  sqlite3_fputs(zOut, pOut);
+  if( addNewLine ) sqlite3_fputs("\n", pOut);
   return TCL_OK;
 }
 #endif /* defined(_WIN32) */