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Opening a relation with no lock at all is unsafe; there's no guarantee that we'll see a consistent state of the relevant catalog entries. While use of MVCC scans to read the catalogs partially addresses that complaint, it's still possible to switch to a new catalog snapshot partway through loading the relcache entry. Moreover, whether or not you trust the reasoning behind sometimes using less than AccessExclusiveLock for ALTER TABLE, that reasoning is certainly not valid if concurrent users of the table don't hold a lock corresponding to the operation they want to perform. Hence, add some assertion-build-only checks that require any caller of relation_open(x, NoLock) to hold at least AccessShareLock. This isn't a full solution, since we can't verify that the lock level is semantically appropriate for the action --- but it's definitely of some use, because it's already caught two bugs. We can also assert that callers of addRangeTableEntryForRelation() hold at least the lock level specified for the new RTE. Amit Langote and Tom Lane Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16565.1538327894@sss.pgh.pa.us
src/backend/parser/README Parser ====== This directory does more than tokenize and parse SQL queries. It also creates Query structures for the various complex queries that are passed to the optimizer and then executor. parser.c things start here scan.l break query into tokens scansup.c handle escapes in input strings gram.y parse the tokens and produce a "raw" parse tree analyze.c top level of parse analysis for optimizable queries parse_agg.c handle aggregates, like SUM(col1), AVG(col2), ... parse_clause.c handle clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, ... parse_coerce.c handle coercing expressions to different data types parse_collate.c assign collation information in completed expressions parse_cte.c handle Common Table Expressions (WITH clauses) parse_expr.c handle expressions like col, col + 3, x = 3 or x = 4 parse_func.c handle functions, table.column and column identifiers parse_node.c create nodes for various structures parse_oper.c handle operators in expressions parse_param.c handle Params (for the cases used in the core backend) parse_relation.c support routines for tables and column handling parse_target.c handle the result list of the query parse_type.c support routines for data type handling parse_utilcmd.c parse analysis for utility commands (done at execution time) See also src/common/keywords.c, which contains the table of standard keywords and the keyword lookup function. We separated that out because various frontend code wants to use it too.