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postgres/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
Heikki Linnakangas 9d6352aaae Fix pgbench progress report behaviour when pgbench or a query gets stuck. 
There were two issues here. First, if a query got stuck so that it took
e.g. 5 seconds, and progress interval was 1 second, no progress reports were
printed until the query returned. Fix so that we wake up specifically to
print the progress report. Secondly, if pgbench got stuck so that it would
nevertheless not print a progress report on time, and enough time passes
that it's already time to print the next progress report, just skip the one
that was missed. Before this patch, it would print the missed one with 0 TPS
immediately after the previous one.

Fabien Coelho. Backpatch to 9.4, where progress reports were added.
2015-07-03 11:15:27 +03:00

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/*
* pgbench.c
*
* A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
* Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
*
* contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
* Copyright (c) 2000-2014, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
* documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
* is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
* paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
*
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
* LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
* DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
* AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
* ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
* PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
*
*/
#ifdef WIN32
#define FD_SETSIZE 1024 /* set before winsock2.h is included */
#endif /* ! WIN32 */
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#include "getopt_long.h"
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include "portability/instr_time.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h> /* for getrlimit */
#endif
#ifndef INT64_MAX
#define INT64_MAX INT64CONST(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
#endif
/*
* Multi-platform pthread implementations
*/
#ifdef WIN32
/* Use native win32 threads on Windows */
typedef struct win32_pthread *pthread_t;
typedef int pthread_attr_t;
static int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
static int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
#elif defined(ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY)
/* Use platform-dependent pthread capability */
#include <pthread.h>
#else
/* Use emulation with fork. Rename pthread identifiers to avoid conflicts */
#define PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define pthread_t pg_pthread_t
#define pthread_attr_t pg_pthread_attr_t
#define pthread_create pg_pthread_create
#define pthread_join pg_pthread_join
typedef struct fork_pthread *pthread_t;
typedef int pthread_attr_t;
static int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
static int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
#endif
/********************************************************************
* some configurable parameters */
/* max number of clients allowed */
#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
#define MAXCLIENTS (FD_SETSIZE - 10)
#else
#define MAXCLIENTS 1024
#endif
#define LOG_STEP_SECONDS 5 /* seconds between log messages */
#define DEFAULT_NXACTS 10 /* default nxacts */
int nxacts = 0; /* number of transactions per client */
int duration = 0; /* duration in seconds */
/*
* scaling factor. for example, scale = 10 will make 1000000 tuples in
* pgbench_accounts table.
*/
int scale = 1;
/*
* fillfactor. for example, fillfactor = 90 will use only 90 percent
* space during inserts and leave 10 percent free.
*/
int fillfactor = 100;
/*
* create foreign key constraints on the tables?
*/
int foreign_keys = 0;
/*
* use unlogged tables?
*/
int unlogged_tables = 0;
/*
* log sampling rate (1.0 = log everything, 0.0 = option not given)
*/
double sample_rate = 0.0;
/*
* When threads are throttled to a given rate limit, this is the target delay
* to reach that rate in usec. 0 is the default and means no throttling.
*/
int64 throttle_delay = 0;
/*
* tablespace selection
*/
char *tablespace = NULL;
char *index_tablespace = NULL;
/*
* end of configurable parameters
*********************************************************************/
#define nbranches 1 /* Makes little sense to change this. Change
* -s instead */
#define ntellers 10
#define naccounts 100000
/*
* The scale factor at/beyond which 32bit integers are incapable of storing
* 64bit values.
*
* Although the actual threshold is 21474, we use 20000 because it is easier to
* document and remember, and isn't that far away from the real threshold.
*/
#define SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD 20000
bool use_log; /* log transaction latencies to a file */
bool use_quiet; /* quiet logging onto stderr */
int agg_interval; /* log aggregates instead of individual
* transactions */
int progress = 0; /* thread progress report every this seconds */
int progress_nclients = 0; /* number of clients for progress
* report */
int progress_nthreads = 0; /* number of threads for progress
* report */
bool is_connect; /* establish connection for each transaction */
bool is_latencies; /* report per-command latencies */
int main_pid; /* main process id used in log filename */
char *pghost = "";
char *pgport = "";
char *login = NULL;
char *dbName;
const char *progname;
volatile bool timer_exceeded = false; /* flag from signal handler */
/* variable definitions */
typedef struct
{
char *name; /* variable name */
char *value; /* its value */
} Variable;
#define MAX_FILES 128 /* max number of SQL script files allowed */
#define SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE 256 /* maximum size allowed for shell command */
/*
* structures used in custom query mode
*/
typedef struct
{
PGconn *con; /* connection handle to DB */
int id; /* client No. */
int state; /* state No. */
int cnt; /* xacts count */
int ecnt; /* error count */
int listen; /* 0 indicates that an async query has been
* sent */
int sleeping; /* 1 indicates that the client is napping */
bool throttling; /* whether nap is for throttling */
Variable *variables; /* array of variable definitions */
int nvariables;
int64 txn_scheduled; /* scheduled start time of transaction (usec) */
instr_time txn_begin; /* used for measuring schedule lag times */
instr_time stmt_begin; /* used for measuring statement latencies */
int64 txn_latencies; /* cumulated latencies */
int64 txn_sqlats; /* cumulated square latencies */
bool is_throttled; /* whether transaction throttling is done */
int use_file; /* index in sql_files for this client */
bool prepared[MAX_FILES];
} CState;
/*
* Thread state and result
*/
typedef struct
{
int tid; /* thread id */
pthread_t thread; /* thread handle */
CState *state; /* array of CState */
int nstate; /* length of state[] */
instr_time start_time; /* thread start time */
instr_time *exec_elapsed; /* time spent executing cmds (per Command) */
int *exec_count; /* number of cmd executions (per Command) */
unsigned short random_state[3]; /* separate randomness for each thread */
int64 throttle_trigger; /* previous/next throttling (us) */
int64 throttle_lag; /* total transaction lag behind throttling */
int64 throttle_lag_max; /* max transaction lag */
} TState;
#define INVALID_THREAD ((pthread_t) 0)
typedef struct
{
instr_time conn_time;
int64 xacts;
int64 latencies;
int64 sqlats;
int64 throttle_lag;
int64 throttle_lag_max;
} TResult;
/*
* queries read from files
*/
#define SQL_COMMAND 1
#define META_COMMAND 2
#define MAX_ARGS 10
typedef enum QueryMode
{
QUERY_SIMPLE, /* simple query */
QUERY_EXTENDED, /* extended query */
QUERY_PREPARED, /* extended query with prepared statements */
NUM_QUERYMODE
} QueryMode;
static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
static const char *QUERYMODE[] = {"simple", "extended", "prepared"};
typedef struct
{
char *line; /* full text of command line */
int command_num; /* unique index of this Command struct */
int type; /* command type (SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND) */
int argc; /* number of command words */
char *argv[MAX_ARGS]; /* command word list */
} Command;
typedef struct
{
long start_time; /* when does the interval start */
int cnt; /* number of transactions */
double min_latency; /* min/max latencies */
double max_latency;
double sum_latency; /* sum(latency), sum(latency^2) - for
* estimates */
double sum2_latency;
double min_lag;
double max_lag;
double sum_lag; /* sum(lag) */
double sum2_lag; /* sum(lag*lag) */
} AggVals;
static Command **sql_files[MAX_FILES]; /* SQL script files */
static int num_files; /* number of script files */
static int num_commands = 0; /* total number of Command structs */
static int debug = 0; /* debug flag */
/* default scenario */
static char *tpc_b = {
"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + :delta WHERE tid = :tid;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + :delta WHERE bid = :bid;\n"
"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -N case */
static char *simple_update = {
"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -S case */
static char *select_only = {
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
};
/* Function prototypes */
static void setalarm(int seconds);
static void *threadRun(void *arg);
static void
usage(void)
{
printf("%s is a benchmarking tool for PostgreSQL.\n\n"
"Usage:\n"
" %s [OPTION]... [DBNAME]\n"
"\nInitialization options:\n"
" -i, --initialize invokes initialization mode\n"
" -F, --fillfactor=NUM set fill factor\n"
" -n, --no-vacuum do not run VACUUM after initialization\n"
" -q, --quiet quiet logging (one message each 5 seconds)\n"
" -s, --scale=NUM scaling factor\n"
" --foreign-keys create foreign key constraints between tables\n"
" --index-tablespace=TABLESPACE\n"
" create indexes in the specified tablespace\n"
" --tablespace=TABLESPACE create tables in the specified tablespace\n"
" --unlogged-tables create tables as unlogged tables\n"
"\nBenchmarking options:\n"
" -c, --client=NUM number of concurrent database clients (default: 1)\n"
" -C, --connect establish new connection for each transaction\n"
" -D, --define=VARNAME=VALUE\n"
" define variable for use by custom script\n"
" -f, --file=FILENAME read transaction script from FILENAME\n"
" -j, --jobs=NUM number of threads (default: 1)\n"
" -l, --log write transaction times to log file\n"
" -M, --protocol=simple|extended|prepared\n"
" protocol for submitting queries (default: simple)\n"
" -n, --no-vacuum do not run VACUUM before tests\n"
" -N, --skip-some-updates skip updates of pgbench_tellers and pgbench_branches\n"
" -P, --progress=NUM show thread progress report every NUM seconds\n"
" -r, --report-latencies report average latency per command\n"
" -R, --rate=NUM target rate in transactions per second\n"
" -s, --scale=NUM report this scale factor in output\n"
" -S, --select-only perform SELECT-only transactions\n"
" -t, --transactions=NUM number of transactions each client runs (default: 10)\n"
" -T, --time=NUM duration of benchmark test in seconds\n"
" -v, --vacuum-all vacuum all four standard tables before tests\n"
" --aggregate-interval=NUM aggregate data over NUM seconds\n"
" --sampling-rate=NUM fraction of transactions to log (e.g. 0.01 for 1%%)\n"
"\nCommon options:\n"
" -d, --debug print debugging output\n"
" -h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory\n"
" -p, --port=PORT database server port number\n"
" -U, --username=USERNAME connect as specified database user\n"
" -V, --version output version information, then exit\n"
" -?, --help show this help, then exit\n"
"\n"
"Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n",
progname, progname);
}
/*
* strtoint64 -- convert a string to 64-bit integer
*
* This function is a modified version of scanint8() from
* src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c.
*/
static int64
strtoint64(const char *str)
{
const char *ptr = str;
int64 result = 0;
int sign = 1;
/*
* Do our own scan, rather than relying on sscanf which might be broken
* for long long.
*/
/* skip leading spaces */
while (*ptr && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
ptr++;
/* handle sign */
if (*ptr == '-')
{
ptr++;
/*
* Do an explicit check for INT64_MIN. Ugly though this is, it's
* cleaner than trying to get the loop below to handle it portably.
*/
if (strncmp(ptr, "9223372036854775808", 19) == 0)
{
result = -INT64CONST(0x7fffffffffffffff) - 1;
ptr += 19;
goto gotdigits;
}
sign = -1;
}
else if (*ptr == '+')
ptr++;
/* require at least one digit */
if (!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
fprintf(stderr, "invalid input syntax for integer: \"%s\"\n", str);
/* process digits */
while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
{
int64 tmp = result * 10 + (*ptr++ - '0');
if ((tmp / 10) != result) /* overflow? */
fprintf(stderr, "value \"%s\" is out of range for type bigint\n", str);
result = tmp;
}
gotdigits:
/* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
ptr++;
if (*ptr != '\0')
fprintf(stderr, "invalid input syntax for integer: \"%s\"\n", str);
return ((sign < 0) ? -result : result);
}
/* random number generator: uniform distribution from min to max inclusive */
static int64
getrand(TState *thread, int64 min, int64 max)
{
/*
* Odd coding is so that min and max have approximately the same chance of
* being selected as do numbers between them.
*
* pg_erand48() is thread-safe and concurrent, which is why we use it
* rather than random(), which in glibc is non-reentrant, and therefore
* protected by a mutex, and therefore a bottleneck on machines with many
* CPUs.
*/
return min + (int64) ((max - min + 1) * pg_erand48(thread->random_state));
}
/*
* random number generator: generate a value, such that the series of values
* will approximate a Poisson distribution centered on the given value.
*/
static int64
getPoissonRand(TState *thread, int64 center)
{
/*
* Use inverse transform sampling to generate a value > 0, such that the
* expected (i.e. average) value is the given argument.
*/
double uniform;
/* erand in [0, 1), uniform in (0, 1] */
uniform = 1.0 - pg_erand48(thread->random_state);
return (int64) (-log(uniform) * ((double) center) + 0.5);
}
/* call PQexec() and exit() on failure */
static void
executeStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
{
PGresult *res;
res = PQexec(con, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
}
/* set up a connection to the backend */
static PGconn *
doConnect(void)
{
PGconn *conn;
static char *password = NULL;
bool new_pass;
/*
* Start the connection. Loop until we have a password if requested by
* backend.
*/
do
{
#define PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE 7
const char *keywords[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
const char *values[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
keywords[0] = "host";
values[0] = pghost;
keywords[1] = "port";
values[1] = pgport;
keywords[2] = "user";
values[2] = login;
keywords[3] = "password";
values[3] = password;
keywords[4] = "dbname";
values[4] = dbName;
keywords[5] = "fallback_application_name";
values[5] = progname;
keywords[6] = NULL;
values[6] = NULL;
new_pass = false;
conn = PQconnectdbParams(keywords, values, true);
if (!conn)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed\n",
dbName);
return NULL;
}
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
password == NULL)
{
PQfinish(conn);
password = simple_prompt("Password: ", 100, false);
new_pass = true;
}
} while (new_pass);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed:\n%s",
dbName, PQerrorMessage(conn));
PQfinish(conn);
return NULL;
}
return conn;
}
/* throw away response from backend */
static void
discard_response(CState *state)
{
PGresult *res;
do
{
res = PQgetResult(state->con);
if (res)
PQclear(res);
} while (res);
}
static int
compareVariables(const void *v1, const void *v2)
{
return strcmp(((const Variable *) v1)->name,
((const Variable *) v2)->name);
}
static char *
getVariable(CState *st, char *name)
{
Variable key,
*var;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables <= 0)
return NULL;
key.name = name;
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
if (var != NULL)
return var->value;
else
return NULL;
}
/* check whether the name consists of alphabets, numerals and underscores. */
static bool
isLegalVariableName(const char *name)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
if (!isalnum((unsigned char) name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
return false;
}
return true;
}
static int
putVariable(CState *st, const char *context, char *name, char *value)
{
Variable key,
*var;
key.name = name;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables > 0)
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
else
var = NULL;
if (var == NULL)
{
Variable *newvars;
/*
* Check for the name only when declaring a new variable to avoid
* overhead.
*/
if (!isLegalVariableName(name))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid variable name '%s'\n", context, name);
return false;
}
if (st->variables)
newvars = (Variable *) pg_realloc(st->variables,
(st->nvariables + 1) * sizeof(Variable));
else
newvars = (Variable *) pg_malloc(sizeof(Variable));
st->variables = newvars;
var = &newvars[st->nvariables];
var->name = pg_strdup(name);
var->value = pg_strdup(value);
st->nvariables++;
qsort((void *) st->variables, st->nvariables, sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
}
else
{
char *val;
/* dup then free, in case value is pointing at this variable */
val = pg_strdup(value);
free(var->value);
var->value = val;
}
return true;
}
static char *
parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
{
int i = 0;
char *name;
do
{
i++;
} while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
if (i == 1)
return NULL;
name = pg_malloc(i);
memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
name[i - 1] = '\0';
*eaten = i;
return name;
}
static char *
replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
{
int valueln = strlen(value);
if (valueln > len)
{
size_t offset = param - *sql;
*sql = pg_realloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
param = *sql + offset;
}
if (valueln != len)
memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
strncpy(param, value, valueln);
return param + valueln;
}
static char *
assignVariables(CState *st, char *sql)
{
char *p,
*name,
*val;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':')
{
p++;
}
continue;
}
val = getVariable(st, name);
free(name);
if (val == NULL)
{
p++;
continue;
}
p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val);
}
return sql;
}
static void
getQueryParams(CState *st, const Command *command, const char **params)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
params[i] = getVariable(st, command->argv[i + 1]);
}
/*
* Run a shell command. The result is assigned to the variable if not NULL.
* Return true if succeeded, or false on error.
*/
static bool
runShellCommand(CState *st, char *variable, char **argv, int argc)
{
char command[SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE];
int i,
len = 0;
FILE *fp;
char res[64];
char *endptr;
int retval;
/*----------
* Join arguments with whitespace separators. Arguments starting with
* exactly one colon are treated as variables:
* name - append a string "name"
* :var - append a variable named 'var'
* ::name - append a string ":name"
*----------
*/
for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
{
char *arg;
int arglen;
if (argv[i][0] != ':')
{
arg = argv[i]; /* a string literal */
}
else if (argv[i][1] == ':')
{
arg = argv[i] + 1; /* a string literal starting with colons */
}
else if ((arg = getVariable(st, argv[i] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
return false;
}
arglen = strlen(arg);
if (len + arglen + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0) >= SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE - 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: too long shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
if (i > 0)
command[len++] = ' ';
memcpy(command + len, arg, arglen);
len += arglen;
}
command[len] = '\0';
/* Fast path for non-assignment case */
if (variable == NULL)
{
if (system(command))
{
if (!timer_exceeded)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
return true;
}
/* Execute the command with pipe and read the standard output. */
if ((fp = popen(command, "r")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
if (fgets(res, sizeof(res), fp) == NULL)
{
if (!timer_exceeded)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot read the result\n", argv[0]);
(void) pclose(fp);
return false;
}
if (pclose(fp) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot close shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
/* Check whether the result is an integer and assign it to the variable */
retval = (int) strtol(res, &endptr, 10);
while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
endptr++;
if (*res == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: must return an integer ('%s' returned)\n", argv[0], res);
return false;
}
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", retval);
if (!putVariable(st, "setshell", variable, res))
return false;
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("shell parameter name: %s, value: %s\n", argv[1], res);
#endif
return true;
}
#define MAX_PREPARE_NAME 32
static void
preparedStatementName(char *buffer, int file, int state)
{
sprintf(buffer, "P%d_%d", file, state);
}
static bool
clientDone(CState *st, bool ok)
{
(void) ok; /* unused */
if (st->con != NULL)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
return false; /* always false */
}
static void
agg_vals_init(AggVals *aggs, instr_time start)
{
/* basic counters */
aggs->cnt = 0; /* number of transactions */
aggs->sum_latency = 0; /* SUM(latency) */
aggs->sum2_latency = 0; /* SUM(latency*latency) */
/* min and max transaction duration */
aggs->min_latency = 0;
aggs->max_latency = 0;
/* schedule lag counters */
aggs->sum_lag = 0;
aggs->sum2_lag = 0;
aggs->min_lag = 0;
aggs->max_lag = 0;
/* start of the current interval */
aggs->start_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(start);
}
/* return false iff client should be disconnected */
static bool
doCustom(TState *thread, CState *st, instr_time *conn_time, FILE *logfile, AggVals *agg)
{
PGresult *res;
Command **commands;
bool trans_needs_throttle = false;
top:
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
/*
* Handle throttling once per transaction by sleeping. It is simpler to
* do this here rather than at the end, because so much complicated logic
* happens below when statements finish.
*/
if (throttle_delay && !st->is_throttled)
{
/*
* Generate a delay such that the series of delays will approximate a
* Poisson distribution centered on the throttle_delay time.
*
* If transactions are too slow or a given wait is shorter than a
* transaction, the next transaction will start right away.
*/
int64 wait = getPoissonRand(thread, throttle_delay);
thread->throttle_trigger += wait;
st->txn_scheduled = thread->throttle_trigger;
st->sleeping = 1;
st->throttling = true;
st->is_throttled = true;
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d throttling " INT64_FORMAT " us\n",
st->id, wait);
}
if (st->sleeping)
{ /* are we sleeping? */
instr_time now;
int64 now_us;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_us = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
if (st->txn_scheduled <= now_us)
{
st->sleeping = 0; /* Done sleeping, go ahead with next command */
if (st->throttling)
{
/* Measure lag of throttled transaction relative to target */
int64 lag = now_us - st->txn_scheduled;
thread->throttle_lag += lag;
if (lag > thread->throttle_lag_max)
thread->throttle_lag_max = lag;
st->throttling = false;
}
}
else
return true; /* Still sleeping, nothing to do here */
}
if (st->listen)
{ /* are we receiver? */
instr_time now;
bool now_valid = false;
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(now); /* initialize to keep compiler quiet */
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d receiving\n", st->id);
if (!PQconsumeInput(st->con))
{ /* there's something wrong */
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Probably the backend died while processing.\n", st->id, st->state);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
if (PQisBusy(st->con))
return true; /* don't have the whole result yet */
}
/*
* command finished: accumulate per-command execution times in
* thread-local data structure, if per-command latencies are requested
*/
if (is_latencies)
{
int cnum = commands[st->state]->command_num;
if (!now_valid)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_valid = true;
}
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(thread->exec_elapsed[cnum],
now, st->stmt_begin);
thread->exec_count[cnum]++;
}
/* transaction finished: record latency under progress or throttling */
if ((progress || throttle_delay) && commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
int64 latency;
if (!now_valid)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_valid = true;
}
latency = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) - st->txn_scheduled;
st->txn_latencies += latency;
/*
* XXX In a long benchmark run of high-latency transactions, this
* int64 addition eventually overflows. For example, 100 threads
* running 10s transactions will overflow it in 2.56 hours. With
* a more-typical OLTP workload of .1s transactions, overflow
* would take 256 hours.
*/
st->txn_sqlats += latency * latency;
}
/*
* if transaction finished, record the time it took in the log
*/
if (logfile && commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
double lag;
double latency;
/*
* write the log entry if this row belongs to the random sample,
* or no sampling rate was given which means log everything.
*/
if (sample_rate == 0.0 ||
pg_erand48(thread->random_state) <= sample_rate)
{
if (!now_valid)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_valid = true;
}
latency = (double) (INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) - st->txn_scheduled);
lag = (double) (INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(st->txn_begin) - st->txn_scheduled);
/* should we aggregate the results or not? */
if (agg_interval > 0)
{
/*
* are we still in the same interval? if yes, accumulate
* the values (print them otherwise)
*/
if (agg->start_time + agg_interval >= INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(now))
{
agg->cnt += 1;
agg->sum_latency += latency;
agg->sum2_latency += latency * latency;
/* first in this aggregation interval */
if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (latency < agg->min_latency))
agg->min_latency = latency;
if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (latency > agg->max_latency))
agg->max_latency = latency;
/* and the same for schedule lag */
if (throttle_delay)
{
agg->sum_lag += lag;
agg->sum2_lag += lag * lag;
if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (lag < agg->min_lag))
agg->min_lag = lag;
if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (lag > agg->max_lag))
agg->max_lag = lag;
}
}
else
{
/*
* Loop until we reach the interval of the current
* transaction (and print all the empty intervals in
* between).
*/
while (agg->start_time + agg_interval < INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(now))
{
/*
* This is a non-Windows branch (thanks to the
* ifdef in usage), so we don't need to handle
* this in a special way (see below).
*/
fprintf(logfile, "%ld %d %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
agg->start_time,
agg->cnt,
agg->sum_latency,
agg->sum2_latency,
agg->min_latency,
agg->max_latency);
if (throttle_delay)
fprintf(logfile, " %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
agg->sum_lag,
agg->sum2_lag,
agg->min_lag,
agg->max_lag);
fputc('\n', logfile);
/* move to the next inteval */
agg->start_time = agg->start_time + agg_interval;
/* reset for "no transaction" intervals */
agg->cnt = 0;
agg->min_latency = 0;
agg->max_latency = 0;
agg->sum_latency = 0;
agg->sum2_latency = 0;
agg->min_lag = 0;
agg->max_lag = 0;
agg->sum_lag = 0;
agg->sum2_lag = 0;
}
/*
* and now update the reset values (include the
* current)
*/
agg->cnt = 1;
agg->min_latency = latency;
agg->max_latency = latency;
agg->sum_latency = latency;
agg->sum2_latency = latency * latency;
agg->min_lag = lag;
agg->max_lag = lag;
agg->sum_lag = lag;
agg->sum2_lag = lag * lag;
}
}
else
{
/* no, print raw transactions */
#ifndef WIN32
/*
* This is more than we really ought to know about
* instr_time
*/
fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d %ld %ld",
st->id, st->cnt, latency, st->use_file,
(long) now.tv_sec, (long) now.tv_usec);
#else
/*
* On Windows, instr_time doesn't provide a timestamp
* anyway
*/
fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d 0 0",
st->id, st->cnt, latency, st->use_file);
#endif
if (throttle_delay)
fprintf(logfile, " %.0f", lag);
fputc('\n', logfile);
}
}
}
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
/*
* Read and discard the query result; note this is not included in
* the statement latency numbers.
*/
res = PQgetResult(st->con);
switch (PQresultStatus(res))
{
case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
break; /* OK */
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d: %s",
st->id, st->state, PQerrorMessage(st->con));
PQclear(res);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
PQclear(res);
discard_response(st);
}
if (commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
if (is_connect)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
++st->cnt;
if ((st->cnt >= nxacts && duration <= 0) || timer_exceeded)
return clientDone(st, true); /* exit success */
}
/* increment state counter */
st->state++;
if (commands[st->state] == NULL)
{
st->state = 0;
st->use_file = (int) getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
st->is_throttled = false;
/*
* No transaction is underway anymore, which means there is
* nothing to listen to right now. When throttling rate limits
* are active, a sleep will happen next, as the next transaction
* starts. And then in any case the next SQL command will set
* listen back to 1.
*/
st->listen = 0;
trans_needs_throttle = (throttle_delay > 0);
}
}
if (st->con == NULL)
{
instr_time start,
end;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n", st->id);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(*conn_time, end, start);
}
/*
* This ensures that a throttling delay is inserted before proceeding with
* sql commands, after the first transaction. The first transaction
* throttling is performed when first entering doCustom.
*/
if (trans_needs_throttle)
{
trans_needs_throttle = false;
goto top;
}
/* Record transaction start time under logging, progress or throttling */
if ((logfile || progress || throttle_delay) && st->state == 0)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->txn_begin);
/*
* When not throttling, this is also the transaction's scheduled start
* time.
*/
if (!throttle_delay)
st->txn_scheduled = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(st->txn_begin);
}
/* Record statement start time if per-command latencies are requested */
if (is_latencies)
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->stmt_begin);
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
const Command *command = commands[st->state];
int r;
if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
{
char *sql;
sql = pg_strdup(command->argv[0]);
sql = assignVariables(st, sql);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
free(sql);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
{
const char *sql = command->argv[0];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
{
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
if (!st->prepared[st->use_file])
{
int j;
for (j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
{
PGresult *res;
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
if (commands[j]->type != SQL_COMMAND)
continue;
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, j);
res = PQprepare(st->con, name,
commands[j]->argv[0], commands[j]->argc - 1, NULL);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
PQclear(res);
}
st->prepared[st->use_file] = true;
}
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, st->state);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, name);
r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, name, command->argc - 1,
params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else /* unknown sql mode */
r = 0;
if (r == 0)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d cannot send %s\n", st->id, command->argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
}
else
st->listen = 1; /* flags that should be listened */
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
int argc = commands[st->state]->argc,
i;
char **argv = commands[st->state]->argv;
if (debug)
{
fprintf(stderr, "client %d executing \\%s", st->id, argv[0]);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
fprintf(stderr, " %s", argv[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
char *var;
int64 min,
max;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
min = strtoint64(var);
}
else
min = strtoint64(argv[2]);
#ifdef NOT_USED
if (min < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid minimum number %d\n", argv[0], min);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
#endif
if (*argv[3] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[3] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
max = strtoint64(var);
}
else
max = strtoint64(argv[3]);
if (max < min)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: maximum is less than minimum\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
/*
* getrand() needs to be able to subtract max from min and add one
* to the result without overflowing. Since we know max > min, we
* can detect overflow just by checking for a negative result. But
* we must check both that the subtraction doesn't overflow, and
* that adding one to the result doesn't overflow either.
*/
if (max - min < 0 || (max - min) + 1 < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: range too large\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("min: " INT64_FORMAT " max: " INT64_FORMAT " random: " INT64_FORMAT "\n", min, max, getrand(thread, min, max));
#endif
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, getrand(thread, min, max));
if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
char *var;
int64 ope1,
ope2;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
ope1 = strtoint64(var);
}
else
ope1 = strtoint64(argv[2]);
if (argc < 5)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, ope1);
else
{
if (*argv[4] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[4] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[4]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
ope2 = strtoint64(var);
}
else
ope2 = strtoint64(argv[4]);
if (strcmp(argv[3], "+") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, ope1 + ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "-") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, ope1 - ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "*") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, ope1 * ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "/") == 0)
{
if (ope2 == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: division by zero\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, ope1 / ope2);
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported operator %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
}
if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
char *var;
int usec;
instr_time now;
if (*argv[1] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[1] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
usec = atoi(var);
}
else
usec = atoi(argv[1]);
if (argc > 2)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "ms") == 0)
usec *= 1000;
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "s") == 0)
usec *= 1000000;
}
else
usec *= 1000000;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
st->txn_scheduled = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) + usec;
st->sleeping = 1;
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
{
bool ret = runShellCommand(st, argv[1], argv + 2, argc - 2);
if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
return clientDone(st, true);
else if (!ret) /* on error */
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
else /* succeeded */
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "shell") == 0)
{
bool ret = runShellCommand(st, NULL, argv + 1, argc - 1);
if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
return clientDone(st, true);
else if (!ret) /* on error */
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
else /* succeeded */
st->listen = 1;
}
goto top;
}
return true;
}
/* discard connections */
static void
disconnect_all(CState *state, int length)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
if (state[i].con)
{
PQfinish(state[i].con);
state[i].con = NULL;
}
}
}
/* create tables and setup data */
static void
init(bool is_no_vacuum)
{
/*
* The scale factor at/beyond which 32-bit integers are insufficient for
* storing TPC-B account IDs.
*
* Although the actual threshold is 21474, we use 20000 because it is easier to
* document and remember, and isn't that far away from the real threshold.
*/
#define SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD 20000
/*
* Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
* fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
* The pgbench_accounts table complies with that because the "filler"
* column is set to blank-padded empty string. But for all other tables
* the columns default to NULL and so don't actually take any space. We
* could fix that by giving them non-null default values. However, that
* would completely break comparability of pgbench results with prior
* versions. Since pgbench has never pretended to be fully TPC-B compliant
* anyway, we stick with the historical behavior.
*/
struct ddlinfo
{
const char *table; /* table name */
const char *smcols; /* column decls if accountIDs are 32 bits */
const char *bigcols; /* column decls if accountIDs are 64 bits */
int declare_fillfactor;
};
static const struct ddlinfo DDLs[] = {
{
"pgbench_history",
"tid int,bid int,aid int,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
"tid int,bid int,aid bigint,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
0
},
{
"pgbench_tellers",
"tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
"tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
1
},
{
"pgbench_accounts",
"aid int not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
"aid bigint not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
1
},
{
"pgbench_branches",
"bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
"bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
1
}
};
static const char *const DDLINDEXes[] = {
"alter table pgbench_branches add primary key (bid)",
"alter table pgbench_tellers add primary key (tid)",
"alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)"
};
static const char *const DDLKEYs[] = {
"alter table pgbench_tellers add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
"alter table pgbench_accounts add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (tid) references pgbench_tellers",
"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (aid) references pgbench_accounts"
};
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
char sql[256];
int i;
int64 k;
/* used to track elapsed time and estimate of the remaining time */
instr_time start,
diff;
double elapsed_sec,
remaining_sec;
int log_interval = 1;
if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
exit(1);
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLs); i++)
{
char opts[256];
char buffer[256];
const struct ddlinfo *ddl = &DDLs[i];
const char *cols;
/* Remove old table, if it exists. */
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "drop table if exists %s", ddl->table);
executeStatement(con, buffer);
/* Construct new create table statement. */
opts[0] = '\0';
if (ddl->declare_fillfactor)
snprintf(opts + strlen(opts), sizeof(opts) - strlen(opts),
" with (fillfactor=%d)", fillfactor);
if (tablespace != NULL)
{
char *escape_tablespace;
escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, tablespace,
strlen(tablespace));
snprintf(opts + strlen(opts), sizeof(opts) - strlen(opts),
" tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
}
cols = (scale >= SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD) ? ddl->bigcols : ddl->smcols;
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "create%s table %s(%s)%s",
unlogged_tables ? " unlogged" : "",
ddl->table, cols, opts);
executeStatement(con, buffer);
}
executeStatement(con, "begin");
for (i = 0; i < nbranches * scale; i++)
{
/* "filler" column defaults to NULL */
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
"insert into pgbench_branches(bid,bbalance) values(%d,0)",
i + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
for (i = 0; i < ntellers * scale; i++)
{
/* "filler" column defaults to NULL */
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
"insert into pgbench_tellers(tid,bid,tbalance) values (%d,%d,0)",
i + 1, i / ntellers + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/*
* fill the pgbench_accounts table with some data
*/
fprintf(stderr, "creating tables...\n");
executeStatement(con, "begin");
executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_accounts");
res = PQexec(con, "copy pgbench_accounts from stdin");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_IN)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
for (k = 0; k < (int64) naccounts * scale; k++)
{
int64 j = k + 1;
/* "filler" column defaults to blank padded empty string */
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
INT64_FORMAT "\t" INT64_FORMAT "\t%d\t\n",
j, k / naccounts + 1, 0);
if (PQputline(con, sql))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
* If we want to stick with the original logging, print a message each
* 100k inserted rows.
*/
if ((!use_quiet) && (j % 100000 == 0))
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(diff);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(diff, start);
elapsed_sec = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(diff);
remaining_sec = ((double) scale * naccounts - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s).\n",
j, (int64) naccounts * scale,
(int) (((int64) j * 100) / (naccounts * (int64) scale)),
elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
}
/* let's not call the timing for each row, but only each 100 rows */
else if (use_quiet && (j % 100 == 0))
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(diff);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(diff, start);
elapsed_sec = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(diff);
remaining_sec = ((double) scale * naccounts - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
/* have we reached the next interval (or end)? */
if ((j == scale * naccounts) || (elapsed_sec >= log_interval * LOG_STEP_SECONDS))
{
fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s).\n",
j, (int64) naccounts * scale,
(int) (((int64) j * 100) / (naccounts * (int64) scale)), elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
/* skip to the next interval */
log_interval = (int) ceil(elapsed_sec / LOG_STEP_SECONDS);
}
}
}
if (PQputline(con, "\\.\n"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "very last PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (PQendcopy(con))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQendcopy failed\n");
exit(1);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/* vacuum */
if (!is_no_vacuum)
{
fprintf(stderr, "vacuum...\n");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_branches");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_tellers");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_history");
}
/*
* create indexes
*/
fprintf(stderr, "set primary keys...\n");
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLINDEXes); i++)
{
char buffer[256];
strlcpy(buffer, DDLINDEXes[i], sizeof(buffer));
if (index_tablespace != NULL)
{
char *escape_tablespace;
escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, index_tablespace,
strlen(index_tablespace));
snprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), sizeof(buffer) - strlen(buffer),
" using index tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
}
executeStatement(con, buffer);
}
/*
* create foreign keys
*/
if (foreign_keys)
{
fprintf(stderr, "set foreign keys...\n");
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLKEYs); i++)
{
executeStatement(con, DDLKEYs[i]);
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
PQfinish(con);
}
/*
* Parse the raw sql and replace :param to $n.
*/
static bool
parseQuery(Command *cmd, const char *raw_sql)
{
char *sql,
*p;
sql = pg_strdup(raw_sql);
cmd->argc = 1;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
char var[12];
char *name;
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':')
{
p++;
}
continue;
}
if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s\n", MAX_ARGS - 1, raw_sql);
pg_free(name);
return false;
}
sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var);
cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
cmd->argc++;
}
cmd->argv[0] = sql;
return true;
}
/* Parse a command; return a Command struct, or NULL if it's a comment */
static Command *
process_commands(char *buf)
{
const char delim[] = " \f\n\r\t\v";
Command *my_commands;
int j;
char *p,
*tok;
/* Make the string buf end at the next newline */
if ((p = strchr(buf, '\n')) != NULL)
*p = '\0';
/* Skip leading whitespace */
p = buf;
while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
p++;
/* If the line is empty or actually a comment, we're done */
if (*p == '\0' || strncmp(p, "--", 2) == 0)
return NULL;
/* Allocate and initialize Command structure */
my_commands = (Command *) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command));
my_commands->line = pg_strdup(buf);
my_commands->command_num = num_commands++;
my_commands->type = 0; /* until set */
my_commands->argc = 0;
if (*p == '\\')
{
my_commands->type = META_COMMAND;
j = 0;
tok = strtok(++p, delim);
while (tok != NULL)
{
my_commands->argv[j++] = pg_strdup(tok);
my_commands->argc++;
tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 4)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
for (j = 4; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
for (j = my_commands->argc < 5 ? 3 : 5; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Split argument into number and unit to allow "sleep 1ms" etc.
* We don't have to terminate the number argument with null
* because it will be parsed with atoi, which ignores trailing
* non-digit characters.
*/
if (my_commands->argv[1][0] != ':')
{
char *c = my_commands->argv[1];
while (isdigit((unsigned char) *c))
c++;
if (*c)
{
my_commands->argv[2] = c;
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
my_commands->argc = 3;
}
}
if (my_commands->argc >= 3)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "us") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "ms") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "s") != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown time unit '%s' - must be us, ms or s\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[2]);
exit(1);
}
}
for (j = 3; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "shell") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing command\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid command %s\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
my_commands->type = SQL_COMMAND;
switch (querymode)
{
case QUERY_SIMPLE:
my_commands->argv[0] = pg_strdup(p);
my_commands->argc++;
break;
case QUERY_EXTENDED:
case QUERY_PREPARED:
if (!parseQuery(my_commands, p))
exit(1);
break;
default:
exit(1);
}
}
return my_commands;
}
/*
* Read a line from fd, and return it in a malloc'd buffer.
* Return NULL at EOF.
*
* The buffer will typically be larger than necessary, but we don't care
* in this program, because we'll free it as soon as we've parsed the line.
*/
static char *
read_line_from_file(FILE *fd)
{
char tmpbuf[BUFSIZ];
char *buf;
size_t buflen = BUFSIZ;
size_t used = 0;
buf = (char *) palloc(buflen);
buf[0] = '\0';
while (fgets(tmpbuf, BUFSIZ, fd) != NULL)
{
size_t thislen = strlen(tmpbuf);
/* Append tmpbuf to whatever we had already */
memcpy(buf + used, tmpbuf, thislen + 1);
used += thislen;
/* Done if we collected a newline */
if (thislen > 0 && tmpbuf[thislen - 1] == '\n')
break;
/* Else, enlarge buf to ensure we can append next bufferload */
buflen += BUFSIZ;
buf = (char *) pg_realloc(buf, buflen);
}
if (used > 0)
return buf;
/* Reached EOF */
free(buf);
return NULL;
}
static int
process_file(char *filename)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
FILE *fd;
int lineno;
char *buf;
int alloc_num;
if (num_files >= MAX_FILES)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Up to only %d SQL files are allowed\n", MAX_FILES);
exit(1);
}
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
fd = stdin;
else if ((fd = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
pg_free(my_commands);
return false;
}
lineno = 0;
while ((buf = read_line_from_file(fd)) != NULL)
{
Command *command;
command = process_commands(buf);
free(buf);
if (command == NULL)
continue;
my_commands[lineno] = command;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = pg_realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
}
}
fclose(fd);
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
sql_files[num_files++] = my_commands;
return true;
}
static Command **
process_builtin(char *tb)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
int lineno;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
int alloc_num;
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
lineno = 0;
for (;;)
{
char *p;
Command *command;
p = buf;
while (*tb && *tb != '\n')
*p++ = *tb++;
if (*tb == '\0')
break;
if (*tb == '\n')
tb++;
*p = '\0';
command = process_commands(buf);
if (command == NULL)
continue;
my_commands[lineno] = command;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = pg_realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
}
}
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
return my_commands;
}
/* print out results */
static void
printResults(int ttype, int64 normal_xacts, int nclients,
TState *threads, int nthreads,
instr_time total_time, instr_time conn_total_time,
int64 total_latencies, int64 total_sqlats,
int64 throttle_lag, int64 throttle_lag_max)
{
double time_include,
tps_include,
tps_exclude;
char *s;
time_include = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_time);
tps_include = normal_xacts / time_include;
tps_exclude = normal_xacts / (time_include -
(INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(conn_total_time) / nthreads));
if (ttype == 0)
s = "TPC-B (sort of)";
else if (ttype == 2)
s = "Update only pgbench_accounts";
else if (ttype == 1)
s = "SELECT only";
else
s = "Custom query";
printf("transaction type: %s\n", s);
printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
printf("number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
if (duration <= 0)
{
printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "/" INT64_FORMAT "\n",
normal_xacts, (int64) nxacts * nclients);
}
else
{
printf("duration: %d s\n", duration);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "\n",
normal_xacts);
}
/* Remaining stats are nonsensical if we failed to execute any xacts */
if (normal_xacts <= 0)
return;
if (throttle_delay || progress)
{
/* compute and show latency average and standard deviation */
double latency = 0.001 * total_latencies / normal_xacts;
double sqlat = (double) total_sqlats / normal_xacts;
printf("latency average: %.3f ms\n"
"latency stddev: %.3f ms\n",
latency, 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency));
}
else
{
/* only an average latency computed from the duration is available */
printf("latency average: %.3f ms\n",
1000.0 * duration * nclients / normal_xacts);
}
if (throttle_delay)
{
/*
* Report average transaction lag under rate limit throttling. This
* is the delay between scheduled and actual start times for the
* transaction. The measured lag may be caused by thread/client load,
* the database load, or the Poisson throttling process.
*/
printf("rate limit schedule lag: avg %.3f (max %.3f) ms\n",
0.001 * throttle_lag / normal_xacts, 0.001 * throttle_lag_max);
}
printf("tps = %f (including connections establishing)\n", tps_include);
printf("tps = %f (excluding connections establishing)\n", tps_exclude);
/* Report per-command latencies */
if (is_latencies)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
{
Command **commands;
if (num_files > 1)
printf("statement latencies in milliseconds, file %d:\n", i + 1);
else
printf("statement latencies in milliseconds:\n");
for (commands = sql_files[i]; *commands != NULL; commands++)
{
Command *command = *commands;
int cnum = command->command_num;
double total_time;
instr_time total_exec_elapsed;
int total_exec_count;
int t;
/* Accumulate per-thread data for command */
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(total_exec_elapsed);
total_exec_count = 0;
for (t = 0; t < nthreads; t++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[t];
INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_exec_elapsed,
thread->exec_elapsed[cnum]);
total_exec_count += thread->exec_count[cnum];
}
if (total_exec_count > 0)
total_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(total_exec_elapsed) / (double) total_exec_count;
else
total_time = 0.0;
printf("\t%f\t%s\n", total_time, command->line);
}
}
}
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
static struct option long_options[] = {
/* systematic long/short named options */
{"client", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
{"connect", no_argument, NULL, 'C'},
{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
{"define", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
{"file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
{"fillfactor", required_argument, NULL, 'F'},
{"host", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
{"initialize", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
{"jobs", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
{"log", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
{"no-vacuum", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
{"port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
{"progress", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
{"protocol", required_argument, NULL, 'M'},
{"quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
{"report-latencies", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
{"scale", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
{"select-only", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
{"skip-some-updates", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
{"time", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
{"transactions", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
{"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
{"vacuum-all", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
/* long-named only options */
{"foreign-keys", no_argument, &foreign_keys, 1},
{"index-tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 3},
{"tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 2},
{"unlogged-tables", no_argument, &unlogged_tables, 1},
{"sampling-rate", required_argument, NULL, 4},
{"aggregate-interval", required_argument, NULL, 5},
{"rate", required_argument, NULL, 'R'},
{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};
int c;
int nclients = 1; /* default number of simulated clients */
int nthreads = 1; /* default number of threads */
int is_init_mode = 0; /* initialize mode? */
int is_no_vacuum = 0; /* no vacuum at all before testing? */
int do_vacuum_accounts = 0; /* do vacuum accounts before testing? */
int ttype = 0; /* transaction type. 0: TPC-B, 1: SELECT only,
* 2: skip update of branches and tellers */
int optindex;
char *filename = NULL;
bool scale_given = false;
CState *state; /* status of clients */
TState *threads; /* array of thread */
instr_time start_time; /* start up time */
instr_time total_time;
instr_time conn_total_time;
int64 total_xacts = 0;
int64 total_latencies = 0;
int64 total_sqlats = 0;
int64 throttle_lag = 0;
int64 throttle_lag_max = 0;
int i;
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
struct rlimit rlim;
#endif
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
char *env;
char val[64];
progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
if (argc > 1)
{
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
{
usage();
exit(0);
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
{
puts("pgbench (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
exit(0);
}
}
#ifdef WIN32
/* stderr is buffered on Win32. */
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
#endif
if ((env = getenv("PGHOST")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pghost = env;
if ((env = getenv("PGPORT")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pgport = env;
else if ((env = getenv("PGUSER")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
login = env;
state = (CState *) pg_malloc(sizeof(CState));
memset(state, 0, sizeof(CState));
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dqSNc:j:Crs:t:T:U:lf:D:F:M:P:R:", long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'i':
is_init_mode++;
break;
case 'h':
pghost = pg_strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'n':
is_no_vacuum++;
break;
case 'v':
do_vacuum_accounts++;
break;
case 'p':
pgport = pg_strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'd':
debug++;
break;
case 'S':
ttype = 1;
break;
case 'N':
ttype = 2;
break;
case 'c':
nclients = atoi(optarg);
if (nclients <= 0 || nclients > MAXCLIENTS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
exit(1);
}
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE /* most platforms use RLIMIT_NOFILE */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#else /* but BSD doesn't ... */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_OFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#endif /* RLIMIT_NOFILE */
{
fprintf(stderr, "getrlimit failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if (rlim.rlim_cur <= (nclients + 2))
{
fprintf(stderr, "You need at least %d open files but you are only allowed to use %ld.\n", nclients + 2, (long) rlim.rlim_cur);
fprintf(stderr, "Use limit/ulimit to increase the limit before using pgbench.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */
break;
case 'j': /* jobs */
nthreads = atoi(optarg);
if (nthreads <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'C':
is_connect = true;
break;
case 'r':
is_latencies = true;
break;
case 's':
scale_given = true;
scale = atoi(optarg);
if (scale <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 't':
if (duration > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
exit(1);
}
nxacts = atoi(optarg);
if (nxacts <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of transactions: %d\n", nxacts);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'T':
if (nxacts > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
exit(1);
}
duration = atoi(optarg);
if (duration <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid duration: %d\n", duration);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'U':
login = pg_strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
use_log = true;
break;
case 'q':
use_quiet = true;
break;
case 'f':
ttype = 3;
filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
if (process_file(filename) == false || *sql_files[num_files - 1] == NULL)
exit(1);
break;
case 'D':
{
char *p;
if ((p = strchr(optarg, '=')) == NULL || p == optarg || *(p + 1) == '\0')
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid variable definition: %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
*p++ = '\0';
if (!putVariable(&state[0], "option", optarg, p))
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'F':
fillfactor = atoi(optarg);
if ((fillfactor < 10) || (fillfactor > 100))
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid fillfactor: %d\n", fillfactor);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'M':
if (num_files > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "query mode (-M) should be specified before transaction scripts (-f)\n");
exit(1);
}
for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
break;
if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid query mode (-M): %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'P':
progress = atoi(optarg);
if (progress <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"thread progress delay (-P) must be positive (%s)\n",
optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'R':
{
/* get a double from the beginning of option value */
double throttle_value = atof(optarg);
if (throttle_value <= 0.0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid rate limit: %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
/* Invert rate limit into a time offset */
throttle_delay = (int64) (1000000.0 / throttle_value);
}
break;
case 0:
/* This covers long options which take no argument. */
break;
case 2: /* tablespace */
tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
break;
case 3: /* index-tablespace */
index_tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
break;
case 4:
sample_rate = atof(optarg);
if (sample_rate <= 0.0 || sample_rate > 1.0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid sampling rate: %f\n", sample_rate);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 5:
#ifdef WIN32
fprintf(stderr, "--aggregate-interval is not currently supported on Windows");
exit(1);
#else
agg_interval = atoi(optarg);
if (agg_interval <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of seconds for aggregation: %d\n", agg_interval);
exit(1);
}
#endif
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"), progname);
exit(1);
break;
}
}
/* compute a per thread delay */
throttle_delay *= nthreads;
if (argc > optind)
dbName = argv[optind];
else
{
if ((env = getenv("PGDATABASE")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
dbName = env;
else if (login != NULL && *login != '\0')
dbName = login;
else
dbName = "";
}
if (is_init_mode)
{
init(is_no_vacuum);
exit(0);
}
/* Use DEFAULT_NXACTS if neither nxacts nor duration is specified. */
if (nxacts <= 0 && duration <= 0)
nxacts = DEFAULT_NXACTS;
if (nclients % nthreads != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "number of clients (%d) must be a multiple of number of threads (%d)\n", nclients, nthreads);
exit(1);
}
/* --sampling-rate may be used only with -l */
if (sample_rate > 0.0 && !use_log)
{
fprintf(stderr, "log sampling rate is allowed only when logging transactions (-l) \n");
exit(1);
}
/* -q may be used only with -i */
if (use_quiet && !is_init_mode)
{
fprintf(stderr, "quiet-logging is allowed only in initialization mode (-i)\n");
exit(1);
}
/* --sampling-rate may must not be used with --aggregate-interval */
if (sample_rate > 0.0 && agg_interval > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "log sampling (--sampling-rate) and aggregation (--aggregate-interval) can't be used at the same time\n");
exit(1);
}
if (agg_interval > 0 && (!use_log))
{
fprintf(stderr, "log aggregation is allowed only when actually logging transactions\n");
exit(1);
}
if ((duration > 0) && (agg_interval > duration))
{
fprintf(stderr, "number of seconds for aggregation (%d) must not be higher that test duration (%d)\n", agg_interval, duration);
exit(1);
}
if ((duration > 0) && (agg_interval > 0) && (duration % agg_interval != 0))
{
fprintf(stderr, "duration (%d) must be a multiple of aggregation interval (%d)\n", duration, agg_interval);
exit(1);
}
/*
* is_latencies only works with multiple threads in thread-based
* implementations, not fork-based ones, because it supposes that the
* parent can see changes made to the per-thread execution stats by child
* threads. It seems useful enough to accept despite this limitation, but
* perhaps we should FIXME someday (by passing the stats data back up
* through the parent-to-child pipes).
*/
#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
if (is_latencies && nthreads > 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "-r does not work with -j larger than 1 on this platform.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif
/*
* save main process id in the global variable because process id will be
* changed after fork.
*/
main_pid = (int) getpid();
progress_nclients = nclients;
progress_nthreads = nthreads;
if (nclients > 1)
{
state = (CState *) pg_realloc(state, sizeof(CState) * nclients);
memset(state + 1, 0, sizeof(CState) * (nclients - 1));
/* copy any -D switch values to all clients */
for (i = 1; i < nclients; i++)
{
int j;
state[i].id = i;
for (j = 0; j < state[0].nvariables; j++)
{
if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", state[0].variables[j].name, state[0].variables[j].value))
exit(1);
}
}
}
if (debug)
{
if (duration <= 0)
printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d nxacts: %d dbName: %s\n",
pghost, pgport, nclients, nxacts, dbName);
else
printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d duration: %d dbName: %s\n",
pghost, pgport, nclients, duration, dbName);
}
/* opening connection... */
con = doConnect();
if (con == NULL)
exit(1);
if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
if (ttype != 3)
{
/*
* get the scaling factor that should be same as count(*) from
* pgbench_branches if this is not a custom query
*/
res = PQexec(con, "select count(*) from pgbench_branches");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
scale = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
if (scale < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "count(*) from pgbench_branches invalid (%d)\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
/* warn if we override user-given -s switch */
if (scale_given)
fprintf(stderr,
"Scale option ignored, using pgbench_branches table count = %d\n",
scale);
}
/*
* :scale variables normally get -s or database scale, but don't override
* an explicit -D switch
*/
if (getVariable(&state[0], "scale") == NULL)
{
snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", scale);
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", "scale", val))
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* Define a :client_id variable that is unique per connection. But don't
* override an explicit -D switch.
*/
if (getVariable(&state[0], "client_id") == NULL)
{
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", i);
if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", "client_id", val))
exit(1);
}
}
if (!is_no_vacuum)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_branches");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_tellers");
executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_history");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
if (do_vacuum_accounts)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum pgbench_accounts...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
}
}
PQfinish(con);
/* set random seed */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
srandom((unsigned int) INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(start_time));
/* process builtin SQL scripts */
switch (ttype)
{
case 0:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(tpc_b);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 1:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(select_only);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 2:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(simple_update);
num_files = 1;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* set up thread data structures */
threads = (TState *) pg_malloc(sizeof(TState) * nthreads);
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[i];
thread->tid = i;
thread->state = &state[nclients / nthreads * i];
thread->nstate = nclients / nthreads;
thread->random_state[0] = random();
thread->random_state[1] = random();
thread->random_state[2] = random();
if (is_latencies)
{
/* Reserve memory for the thread to store per-command latencies */
int t;
thread->exec_elapsed = (instr_time *)
pg_malloc(sizeof(instr_time) * num_commands);
thread->exec_count = (int *)
pg_malloc(sizeof(int) * num_commands);
for (t = 0; t < num_commands; t++)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(thread->exec_elapsed[t]);
thread->exec_count[t] = 0;
}
}
else
{
thread->exec_elapsed = NULL;
thread->exec_count = NULL;
}
}
/* get start up time */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
/* set alarm if duration is specified. */
if (duration > 0)
setalarm(duration);
/* start threads */
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[i];
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(thread->start_time);
/* the first thread (i = 0) is executed by main thread */
if (i > 0)
{
int err = pthread_create(&thread->thread, NULL, threadRun, thread);
if (err != 0 || thread->thread == INVALID_THREAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "cannot create thread: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
thread->thread = INVALID_THREAD;
}
}
/* wait for threads and accumulate results */
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(conn_total_time);
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
void *ret = NULL;
if (threads[i].thread == INVALID_THREAD)
ret = threadRun(&threads[i]);
else
pthread_join(threads[i].thread, &ret);
if (ret != NULL)
{
TResult *r = (TResult *) ret;
total_xacts += r->xacts;
total_latencies += r->latencies;
total_sqlats += r->sqlats;
throttle_lag += r->throttle_lag;
if (r->throttle_lag_max > throttle_lag_max)
throttle_lag_max = r->throttle_lag_max;
INSTR_TIME_ADD(conn_total_time, r->conn_time);
free(ret);
}
}
disconnect_all(state, nclients);
/*
* XXX We compute results as though every client of every thread started
* and finished at the same time. That model can diverge noticeably from
* reality for a short benchmark run involving relatively many threads.
* The first thread may process notably many transactions before the last
* thread begins. Improving the model alone would bring limited benefit,
* because performance during those periods of partial thread count can
* easily exceed steady state performance. This is one of the many ways
* short runs convey deceptive performance figures.
*/
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(total_time);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(total_time, start_time);
printResults(ttype, total_xacts, nclients, threads, nthreads,
total_time, conn_total_time, total_latencies, total_sqlats,
throttle_lag, throttle_lag_max);
return 0;
}
static void *
threadRun(void *arg)
{
TState *thread = (TState *) arg;
CState *state = thread->state;
TResult *result;
FILE *logfile = NULL; /* per-thread log file */
instr_time start,
end;
int nstate = thread->nstate;
int remains = nstate; /* number of remaining clients */
int i;
/* for reporting progress: */
int64 thread_start = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(thread->start_time);
int64 last_report = thread_start;
int64 next_report = last_report + (int64) progress * 1000000;
int64 last_count = 0,
last_lats = 0,
last_sqlats = 0,
last_lags = 0;
AggVals aggs;
/*
* Initialize throttling rate target for all of the thread's clients. It
* might be a little more accurate to reset thread->start_time here too.
* The possible drift seems too small relative to typical throttle delay
* times to worry about it.
*/
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
thread->throttle_trigger = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(start);
thread->throttle_lag = 0;
thread->throttle_lag_max = 0;
result = pg_malloc(sizeof(TResult));
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(result->conn_time);
/* open log file if requested */
if (use_log)
{
char logpath[64];
if (thread->tid == 0)
snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d", main_pid);
else
snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d.%d", main_pid, thread->tid);
logfile = fopen(logpath, "w");
if (logfile == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open logfile \"%s\": %s", logpath, strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
}
if (!is_connect)
{
/* make connections to the database */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
goto done;
}
}
/* time after thread and connections set up */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(result->conn_time);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(result->conn_time, thread->start_time);
agg_vals_init(&aggs, thread->start_time);
/* send start up queries in async manner */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
st->use_file = getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile, &aggs))
remains--; /* I've aborted */
if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
}
while (remains > 0)
{
fd_set input_mask;
int maxsock; /* max socket number to be waited */
int64 now_usec = 0;
int64 min_usec;
FD_ZERO(&input_mask);
maxsock = -1;
min_usec = INT64_MAX;
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int sock;
if (st->con == NULL)
{
continue;
}
else if (st->sleeping)
{
if (st->throttling && timer_exceeded)
{
/* interrupt client which has not started a transaction */
remains--;
st->sleeping = 0;
st->throttling = false;
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
continue;
}
else /* just a nap from the script */
{
int this_usec;
if (min_usec == INT64_MAX)
{
instr_time now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_usec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
}
this_usec = st->txn_scheduled - now_usec;
if (min_usec > this_usec)
min_usec = this_usec;
}
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
min_usec = 0; /* the connection is ready to run */
break;
}
sock = PQsocket(st->con);
if (sock < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "bad socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
if (maxsock < sock)
maxsock = sock;
}
/* also wake up to print the next progress report on time */
if (progress && min_usec > 0
#if !defined(PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION)
&& thread->tid == 0
#endif /* !PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION */
)
{
/* get current time if needed */
if (now_usec == 0)
{
instr_time now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_usec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
}
if (now_usec >= next_report)
min_usec = 0;
else if ((next_report - now_usec) < min_usec)
min_usec = next_report - now_usec;
}
/*
* Sleep until we receive data from the server, or a nap-time
* specified in the script ends, or it's time to print a progress
* report.
*/
if (min_usec > 0 && maxsock != -1)
{
int nsocks; /* return from select(2) */
if (min_usec != INT64_MAX)
{
struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec = min_usec / 1000000;
timeout.tv_usec = min_usec % 1000000;
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
}
else
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (nsocks < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
/* must be something wrong */
fprintf(stderr, "select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
}
/* ok, backend returns reply */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
if (st->con && (FD_ISSET(PQsocket(st->con), &input_mask)
|| commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND))
{
if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile, &aggs))
remains--; /* I've aborted */
}
if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution of meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
}
#ifdef PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION
/* each process reports its own progression */
if (progress)
{
instr_time now_time;
int64 now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now_time);
now = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now_time);
if (now >= next_report)
{
/* generate and show report */
int64 count = 0,
lats = 0,
sqlats = 0;
int64 lags = thread->throttle_lag;
int64 run = now - last_report;
double tps,
total_run,
latency,
sqlat,
stdev,
lag;
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
count += state[i].cnt;
lats += state[i].txn_latencies;
sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
}
total_run = (now - thread_start) / 1000000.0;
tps = 1000000.0 * (count - last_count) / run;
latency = 0.001 * (lats - last_lats) / (count - last_count);
sqlat = 1.0 * (sqlats - last_sqlats) / (count - last_count);
stdev = 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency);
lag = 0.001 * (lags - last_lags) / (count - last_count);
if (throttle_delay)
fprintf(stderr,
"progress %d: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f, lag %.3f ms\n",
thread->tid, total_run, tps, latency, stdev, lag);
else
fprintf(stderr,
"progress %d: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f\n",
thread->tid, total_run, tps, latency, stdev);
last_count = count;
last_lats = lats;
last_sqlats = sqlats;
last_lags = lags;
last_report = now;
/*
* Ensure that the next report is in the future, in case
* pgbench/postgres got stuck somewhere.
*/
do
{
next_report += (int64) progress *1000000;
} while (now >= next_report);
}
}
#else
/* progress report by thread 0 for all threads */
if (progress && thread->tid == 0)
{
instr_time now_time;
int64 now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now_time);
now = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now_time);
if (now >= next_report)
{
/* generate and show report */
int64 count = 0,
lats = 0,
sqlats = 0,
lags = 0;
int64 run = now - last_report;
double tps,
total_run,
latency,
sqlat,
lag,
stdev;
for (i = 0; i < progress_nclients; i++)
{
count += state[i].cnt;
lats += state[i].txn_latencies;
sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
}
for (i = 0; i < progress_nthreads; i++)
lags += thread[i].throttle_lag;
total_run = (now - thread_start) / 1000000.0;
tps = 1000000.0 * (count - last_count) / run;
latency = 0.001 * (lats - last_lats) / (count - last_count);
sqlat = 1.0 * (sqlats - last_sqlats) / (count - last_count);
stdev = 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency);
lag = 0.001 * (lags - last_lags) / (count - last_count);
if (throttle_delay)
fprintf(stderr,
"progress: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f, lag %.3f ms\n",
total_run, tps, latency, stdev, lag);
else
fprintf(stderr,
"progress: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f\n",
total_run, tps, latency, stdev);
last_count = count;
last_lats = lats;
last_sqlats = sqlats;
last_lags = lags;
last_report = now;
/*
* Ensure that the next report is in the future, in case
* pgbench/postgres got stuck somewhere.
*/
do
{
next_report += (int64) progress *1000000;
} while (now >= next_report);
}
}
#endif /* PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION */
}
done:
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
disconnect_all(state, nstate);
result->xacts = 0;
result->latencies = 0;
result->sqlats = 0;
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
result->xacts += state[i].cnt;
result->latencies += state[i].txn_latencies;
result->sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
}
result->throttle_lag = thread->throttle_lag;
result->throttle_lag_max = thread->throttle_lag_max;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(result->conn_time, end, start);
if (logfile)
fclose(logfile);
return result;
}
/*
* Support for duration option: set timer_exceeded after so many seconds.
*/
#ifndef WIN32
static void
handle_sig_alarm(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
timer_exceeded = true;
}
static void
setalarm(int seconds)
{
pqsignal(SIGALRM, handle_sig_alarm);
alarm(seconds);
}
#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
/*
* implements pthread using fork.
*/
typedef struct fork_pthread
{
pid_t pid;
int pipes[2];
} fork_pthread;
static int
pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
pthread_attr_t *attr,
void *(*start_routine) (void *),
void *arg)
{
fork_pthread *th;
void *ret;
int rc;
th = (fork_pthread *) pg_malloc(sizeof(fork_pthread));
if (pipe(th->pipes) < 0)
{
free(th);
return errno;
}
th->pid = fork();
if (th->pid == -1) /* error */
{
free(th);
return errno;
}
if (th->pid != 0) /* in parent process */
{
close(th->pipes[1]);
*thread = th;
return 0;
}
/* in child process */
close(th->pipes[0]);
/* set alarm again because the child does not inherit timers */
if (duration > 0)
setalarm(duration);
ret = start_routine(arg);
rc = write(th->pipes[1], ret, sizeof(TResult));
(void) rc;
close(th->pipes[1]);
free(th);
exit(0);
}
static int
pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
{
int status;
while (waitpid(th->pid, &status, 0) != th->pid)
{
if (errno != EINTR)
return errno;
}
if (thread_return != NULL)
{
/* assume result is TResult */
*thread_return = pg_malloc(sizeof(TResult));
if (read(th->pipes[0], *thread_return, sizeof(TResult)) != sizeof(TResult))
{
free(*thread_return);
*thread_return = NULL;
}
}
close(th->pipes[0]);
free(th);
return 0;
}
#endif
#else /* WIN32 */
static VOID CALLBACK
win32_timer_callback(PVOID lpParameter, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
{
timer_exceeded = true;
}
static void
setalarm(int seconds)
{
HANDLE queue;
HANDLE timer;
/* This function will be called at most once, so we can cheat a bit. */
queue = CreateTimerQueue();
if (seconds > ((DWORD) -1) / 1000 ||
!CreateTimerQueueTimer(&timer, queue,
win32_timer_callback, NULL, seconds * 1000, 0,
WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set timer\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* partial pthread implementation for Windows */
typedef struct win32_pthread
{
HANDLE handle;
void *(*routine) (void *);
void *arg;
void *result;
} win32_pthread;
static unsigned __stdcall
win32_pthread_run(void *arg)
{
win32_pthread *th = (win32_pthread *) arg;
th->result = th->routine(th->arg);
return 0;
}
static int
pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
pthread_attr_t *attr,
void *(*start_routine) (void *),
void *arg)
{
int save_errno;
win32_pthread *th;
th = (win32_pthread *) pg_malloc(sizeof(win32_pthread));
th->routine = start_routine;
th->arg = arg;
th->result = NULL;
th->handle = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, win32_pthread_run, th, 0, NULL);
if (th->handle == NULL)
{
save_errno = errno;
free(th);
return save_errno;
}
*thread = th;
return 0;
}
static int
pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
{
if (th == NULL || th->handle == NULL)
return errno = EINVAL;
if (WaitForSingleObject(th->handle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
{
_dosmaperr(GetLastError());
return errno;
}
if (thread_return)
*thread_return = th->result;
CloseHandle(th->handle);
free(th);
return 0;
}
#endif /* WIN32 */
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