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postgres/src/test/regress/expected/window.out
David Rowley 7e5d20bbd1 Disable run condition optimization for some WindowFuncs 
94985c210 added code to detect when WindowFuncs were monotonic and
allowed additional quals to be "pushed down" into the subquery to be
used as WindowClause runConditions in order to short-circuit execution
in nodeWindowAgg.c.

The Node representation of runConditions wasn't well selected and
because we do qual pushdown before planning the subquery, the planning
of the subquery could perform subquery pull-up of nested subqueries.
For WindowFuncs with args, the arguments could be changed after pushing
the qual down to the subquery.

This was made more difficult by the fact that the code duplicated the
WindowFunc inside an OpExpr to include in the WindowClauses runCondition
field.  This could result in duplication of subqueries and a pull-up of
such a subquery could result in another initplan parameter being issued
for the 2nd version of the subplan.  This could result in errors such as:

ERROR:  WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists

Here in the backbranches, we don't have the flexibility to improve the
Node representation to resolve this, so instead we just disable the
runCondition optimization for ntile() unless the argument is a Const,
(v16 only) and likewise for count(expr) (both v15 and v16).  count(*) is
unaffected.  All other window functions which support this optimization
all take zero arguments and therefore are unaffected.

Bug: #18170
Reported-by: Zuming Jiang
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18170-f1d17bf9a0d58b24@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through 15 (master will be fixed independently)
2024-05-01 16:35:37 +12:00

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--
-- WINDOW FUNCTIONS
--
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE empsalary (
depname varchar,
empno bigint,
salary int,
enroll_date date
);
INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES
('develop', 10, 5200, '2007-08-01'),
('sales', 1, 5000, '2006-10-01'),
('personnel', 5, 3500, '2007-12-10'),
('sales', 4, 4800, '2007-08-08'),
('personnel', 2, 3900, '2006-12-23'),
('develop', 7, 4200, '2008-01-01'),
('develop', 9, 4500, '2008-01-01'),
('sales', 3, 4800, '2007-08-01'),
('develop', 8, 6000, '2006-10-01'),
('develop', 11, 5200, '2007-08-15');
SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) FROM empsalary ORDER BY depname, salary;
depname | empno | salary | sum
-----------+-------+--------+-------
develop | 7 | 4200 | 25100
develop | 9 | 4500 | 25100
develop | 11 | 5200 | 25100
develop | 10 | 5200 | 25100
develop | 8 | 6000 | 25100
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 7400
personnel | 2 | 3900 | 7400
sales | 3 | 4800 | 14600
sales | 4 | 4800 | 14600
sales | 1 | 5000 | 14600
(10 rows)
SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) FROM empsalary;
depname | empno | salary | rank
-----------+-------+--------+------
develop | 7 | 4200 | 1
develop | 9 | 4500 | 2
develop | 11 | 5200 | 3
develop | 10 | 5200 | 3
develop | 8 | 6000 | 5
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 1
personnel | 2 | 3900 | 2
sales | 3 | 4800 | 1
sales | 4 | 4800 | 1
sales | 1 | 5000 | 3
(10 rows)
-- with GROUP BY
SELECT four, ten, SUM(SUM(four)) OVER (PARTITION BY four), AVG(ten) FROM tenk1
GROUP BY four, ten ORDER BY four, ten;
four | ten | sum | avg
------+-----+------+------------------------
0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00000000000000000000
0 | 2 | 0 | 2.0000000000000000
0 | 4 | 0 | 4.0000000000000000
0 | 6 | 0 | 6.0000000000000000
0 | 8 | 0 | 8.0000000000000000
1 | 1 | 2500 | 1.00000000000000000000
1 | 3 | 2500 | 3.0000000000000000
1 | 5 | 2500 | 5.0000000000000000
1 | 7 | 2500 | 7.0000000000000000
1 | 9 | 2500 | 9.0000000000000000
2 | 0 | 5000 | 0.00000000000000000000
2 | 2 | 5000 | 2.0000000000000000
2 | 4 | 5000 | 4.0000000000000000
2 | 6 | 5000 | 6.0000000000000000
2 | 8 | 5000 | 8.0000000000000000
3 | 1 | 7500 | 1.00000000000000000000
3 | 3 | 7500 | 3.0000000000000000
3 | 5 | 7500 | 5.0000000000000000
3 | 7 | 7500 | 7.0000000000000000
3 | 9 | 7500 | 9.0000000000000000
(20 rows)
SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname);
depname | empno | salary | sum
-----------+-------+--------+-------
develop | 11 | 5200 | 25100
develop | 7 | 4200 | 25100
develop | 9 | 4500 | 25100
develop | 8 | 6000 | 25100
develop | 10 | 5200 | 25100
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 7400
personnel | 2 | 3900 | 7400
sales | 3 | 4800 | 14600
sales | 1 | 5000 | 14600
sales | 4 | 4800 | 14600
(10 rows)
SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) ORDER BY rank() OVER w;
depname | empno | salary | rank
-----------+-------+--------+------
develop | 7 | 4200 | 1
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 1
sales | 3 | 4800 | 1
sales | 4 | 4800 | 1
personnel | 2 | 3900 | 2
develop | 9 | 4500 | 2
sales | 1 | 5000 | 3
develop | 11 | 5200 | 3
develop | 10 | 5200 | 3
develop | 8 | 6000 | 5
(10 rows)
-- empty window specification
SELECT COUNT(*) OVER () FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
count
-------
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
(10 rows)
SELECT COUNT(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 WINDOW w AS ();
count
-------
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
(10 rows)
-- no window operation
SELECT four FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY ten);
four
------
(0 rows)
-- cumulative aggregate
SELECT sum(four) OVER (PARTITION BY ten ORDER BY unique2) AS sum_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
sum_1 | ten | four
-------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
2 | 0 | 2
3 | 1 | 3
4 | 1 | 1
5 | 1 | 1
3 | 3 | 3
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
(10 rows)
SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY unique2) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
row_number
------------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(10 rows)
SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS rank_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
rank_1 | ten | four
--------+-----+------
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
3 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
3 | 7 | 1
4 | 9 | 1
1 | 0 | 2
1 | 1 | 3
2 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT dense_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
dense_rank | ten | four
------------+-----+------
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
2 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
2 | 7 | 1
3 | 9 | 1
1 | 0 | 2
1 | 1 | 3
2 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT percent_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
percent_rank | ten | four
--------------------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
1 | 4 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
0 | 1 | 1
0.6666666666666666 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
0 | 0 | 2
0 | 1 | 3
1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT cume_dist() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
cume_dist | ten | four
--------------------+-----+------
0.6666666666666666 | 0 | 0
0.6666666666666666 | 0 | 0
1 | 4 | 0
0.5 | 1 | 1
0.5 | 1 | 1
0.75 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
1 | 0 | 2
0.5 | 1 | 3
1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT ntile(3) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
ntile | ten | four
-------+-----+------
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 2
1 | 1 | 1
2 | 1 | 1
2 | 1 | 3
2 | 3 | 3
3 | 4 | 0
3 | 7 | 1
3 | 9 | 1
(10 rows)
SELECT ntile(NULL) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 LIMIT 2;
ntile | ten | four
-------+-----+------
| 0 | 0
| 0 | 0
(2 rows)
SELECT lag(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lag | ten | four
-----+-----+------
| 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 0
| 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
7 | 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
| 1 | 3
1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lag(ten, four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lag | ten | four
-----+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
| 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
7 | 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
| 1 | 3
| 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lag(ten, four, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lag | ten | four
-----+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
7 | 9 | 1
0 | 0 | 2
0 | 1 | 3
0 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lag(ten, four, 0.7) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
lag | ten | four
-----+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
0.7 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
7 | 9 | 1
0.7 | 0 | 2
0.7 | 1 | 3
0.7 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lead(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lead | ten | four
------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
4 | 0 | 0
| 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
7 | 1 | 1
9 | 7 | 1
| 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
3 | 1 | 3
| 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lead | ten | four
------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
8 | 0 | 0
| 4 | 0
2 | 1 | 1
14 | 1 | 1
18 | 7 | 1
| 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
6 | 1 | 3
| 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
lead | ten | four
------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
8 | 0 | 0
-1 | 4 | 0
2 | 1 | 1
14 | 1 | 1
18 | 7 | 1
-1 | 9 | 1
-1 | 0 | 2
6 | 1 | 3
-1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1.4) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
lead | ten | four
------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
8 | 0 | 0
-1.4 | 4 | 0
2 | 1 | 1
14 | 1 | 1
18 | 7 | 1
-1.4 | 9 | 1
-1.4 | 0 | 2
6 | 1 | 3
-1.4 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT first_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
first_value | ten | four
-------------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
0 | 0 | 2
1 | 1 | 3
1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
-- last_value returns the last row of the frame, which is CURRENT ROW in ORDER BY window.
SELECT last_value(four) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
last_value | ten | four
------------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2
0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 3
1 | 1 | 1
3 | 3 | 3
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
(10 rows)
SELECT last_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four FROM
(SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s
ORDER BY four, ten;
last_value | ten | four
------------+-----+------
4 | 0 | 0
4 | 0 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
9 | 1 | 1
9 | 1 | 1
9 | 7 | 1
9 | 9 | 1
0 | 0 | 2
3 | 1 | 3
3 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT nth_value(ten, four + 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s;
nth_value | ten | four
-----------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
| 1 | 3
| 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS wsum
FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two;
ten | two | gsum | wsum
-----+-----+-------+--------
0 | 0 | 45000 | 45000
2 | 0 | 47000 | 92000
4 | 0 | 49000 | 141000
6 | 0 | 51000 | 192000
8 | 0 | 53000 | 245000
1 | 1 | 46000 | 46000
3 | 1 | 48000 | 94000
5 | 1 | 50000 | 144000
7 | 1 | 52000 | 196000
9 | 1 | 54000 | 250000
(10 rows)
SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four), four FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE two = 1)s WHERE unique2 < 10;
count | four
-------+------
4 | 1
4 | 1
4 | 1
4 | 1
2 | 3
2 | 3
(6 rows)
SELECT (count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten))::varchar AS cntsum
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
cntsum
--------
22
22
87
24
24
82
92
51
92
136
(10 rows)
-- opexpr with different windows evaluation.
SELECT * FROM(
SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS total,
count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS fourcount,
sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS twosum
FROM tenk1
)sub
WHERE total <> fourcount + twosum;
total | fourcount | twosum
-------+-----------+--------
(0 rows)
SELECT avg(four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY thousand / 100) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
avg
------------------------
0.00000000000000000000
0.00000000000000000000
0.00000000000000000000
1.00000000000000000000
1.00000000000000000000
1.00000000000000000000
1.00000000000000000000
2.0000000000000000
3.0000000000000000
3.0000000000000000
(10 rows)
SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER win AS wsum
FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two WINDOW win AS (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten);
ten | two | gsum | wsum
-----+-----+-------+--------
0 | 0 | 45000 | 45000
2 | 0 | 47000 | 92000
4 | 0 | 49000 | 141000
6 | 0 | 51000 | 192000
8 | 0 | 53000 | 245000
1 | 1 | 46000 | 46000
3 | 1 | 48000 | 94000
5 | 1 | 50000 | 144000
7 | 1 | 52000 | 196000
9 | 1 | 54000 | 250000
(10 rows)
-- more than one window with GROUP BY
SELECT sum(salary),
row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname),
sum(sum(salary)) OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC)
FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
sum | row_number | sum
-------+------------+-------
25100 | 1 | 47100
7400 | 2 | 22000
14600 | 3 | 14600
(3 rows)
-- identical windows with different names
SELECT sum(salary) OVER w1, count(*) OVER w2
FROM empsalary WINDOW w1 AS (ORDER BY salary), w2 AS (ORDER BY salary);
sum | count
-------+-------
3500 | 1
7400 | 2
11600 | 3
16100 | 4
25700 | 6
25700 | 6
30700 | 7
41100 | 9
41100 | 9
47100 | 10
(10 rows)
-- subplan
SELECT lead(ten, (SELECT two FROM tenk1 WHERE s.unique2 = unique2)) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten)
FROM tenk1 s WHERE unique2 < 10;
lead
------
0
0
4
1
7
9
0
3
(10 rows)
-- empty table
SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE)s;
count
-------
(0 rows)
-- mixture of agg/wfunc in the same window
SELECT sum(salary) OVER w, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC);
sum | rank
-------+------
6000 | 1
16400 | 2
16400 | 2
20900 | 4
25100 | 5
3900 | 1
7400 | 2
5000 | 1
14600 | 2
14600 | 2
(10 rows)
-- strict aggs
SELECT empno, depname, salary, bonus, depadj, MIN(bonus) OVER (ORDER BY empno), MAX(depadj) OVER () FROM(
SELECT *,
CASE WHEN enroll_date < '2008-01-01' THEN 2008 - extract(YEAR FROM enroll_date) END * 500 AS bonus,
CASE WHEN
AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) < salary
THEN 200 END AS depadj FROM empsalary
)s;
empno | depname | salary | bonus | depadj | min | max
-------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+------+-----
1 | sales | 5000 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 200
2 | personnel | 3900 | 1000 | 200 | 1000 | 200
3 | sales | 4800 | 500 | | 500 | 200
4 | sales | 4800 | 500 | | 500 | 200
5 | personnel | 3500 | 500 | | 500 | 200
7 | develop | 4200 | | | 500 | 200
8 | develop | 6000 | 1000 | 200 | 500 | 200
9 | develop | 4500 | | | 500 | 200
10 | develop | 5200 | 500 | 200 | 500 | 200
11 | develop | 5200 | 500 | 200 | 500 | 200
(10 rows)
-- window function over ungrouped agg over empty row set (bug before 9.1)
SELECT SUM(COUNT(f1)) OVER () FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1=42;
sum
-----
0
(1 row)
-- window function with ORDER BY an expression involving aggregates (9.1 bug)
select ten,
sum(unique1) + sum(unique2) as res,
rank() over (order by sum(unique1) + sum(unique2)) as rank
from tenk1
group by ten order by ten;
ten | res | rank
-----+----------+------
0 | 9976146 | 4
1 | 10114187 | 9
2 | 10059554 | 8
3 | 9878541 | 1
4 | 9881005 | 2
5 | 9981670 | 5
6 | 9947099 | 3
7 | 10120309 | 10
8 | 9991305 | 6
9 | 10040184 | 7
(10 rows)
-- window and aggregate with GROUP BY expression (9.2 bug)
explain (costs off)
select first_value(max(x)) over (), y
from (select unique1 as x, ten+four as y from tenk1) ss
group by y;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
-> HashAggregate
Group Key: (tenk1.ten + tenk1.four)
-> Seq Scan on tenk1
(4 rows)
-- test non-default frame specifications
SELECT four, ten,
sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten),
last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten)
FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
four | ten | sum | last_value
------+-----+-----+------------
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 2 | 2
0 | 4 | 6 | 4
0 | 6 | 12 | 6
0 | 8 | 20 | 8
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
1 | 3 | 4 | 3
1 | 5 | 9 | 5
1 | 7 | 16 | 7
1 | 9 | 25 | 9
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 2 | 2 | 2
2 | 4 | 6 | 4
2 | 6 | 12 | 6
2 | 8 | 20 | 8
3 | 1 | 1 | 1
3 | 3 | 4 | 3
3 | 5 | 9 | 5
3 | 7 | 16 | 7
3 | 9 | 25 | 9
(20 rows)
SELECT four, ten,
sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row),
last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row)
FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
four | ten | sum | last_value
------+-----+-----+------------
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 2 | 2
0 | 4 | 6 | 4
0 | 6 | 12 | 6
0 | 8 | 20 | 8
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
1 | 3 | 4 | 3
1 | 5 | 9 | 5
1 | 7 | 16 | 7
1 | 9 | 25 | 9
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 2 | 2 | 2
2 | 4 | 6 | 4
2 | 6 | 12 | 6
2 | 8 | 20 | 8
3 | 1 | 1 | 1
3 | 3 | 4 | 3
3 | 5 | 9 | 5
3 | 7 | 16 | 7
3 | 9 | 25 | 9
(20 rows)
SELECT four, ten,
sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
four | ten | sum | last_value
------+-----+-----+------------
0 | 0 | 20 | 8
0 | 2 | 20 | 8
0 | 4 | 20 | 8
0 | 6 | 20 | 8
0 | 8 | 20 | 8
1 | 1 | 25 | 9
1 | 3 | 25 | 9
1 | 5 | 25 | 9
1 | 7 | 25 | 9
1 | 9 | 25 | 9
2 | 0 | 20 | 8
2 | 2 | 20 | 8
2 | 4 | 20 | 8
2 | 6 | 20 | 8
2 | 8 | 20 | 8
3 | 1 | 25 | 9
3 | 3 | 25 | 9
3 | 5 | 25 | 9
3 | 7 | 25 | 9
3 | 9 | 25 | 9
(20 rows)
SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row),
last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row)
FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
four | two | sum | last_value
------+-----+-----+------------
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 2 | 1
0 | 1 | 2 | 1
0 | 2 | 4 | 2
1 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 2 | 1
1 | 1 | 2 | 1
1 | 2 | 4 | 2
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 1 | 2 | 1
2 | 1 | 2 | 1
2 | 2 | 4 | 2
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
3 | 1 | 2 | 1
3 | 1 | 2 | 1
3 | 2 | 4 | 2
(20 rows)
SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row),
last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row)
FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
four | two | sum | last_value
------+-----+-----+------------
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1 | 1
0 | 1 | 2 | 1
0 | 2 | 4 | 2
1 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 2 | 1
1 | 2 | 4 | 2
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 1 | 1 | 1
2 | 1 | 2 | 1
2 | 2 | 4 | 2
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
3 | 1 | 1 | 1
3 | 1 | 2 | 1
3 | 2 | 4 | 2
(20 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between current row and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 0 | 0
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 4 | 0
33 | 5 | 1
33 | 9 | 1
33 | 1 | 1
18 | 6 | 2
18 | 2 | 2
10 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between current row and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 4 | 0
41 | 2 | 2
39 | 1 | 1
38 | 6 | 2
32 | 9 | 1
23 | 8 | 0
15 | 5 | 1
10 | 3 | 3
7 | 7 | 3
0 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
7 | 4 | 0
13 | 2 | 2
22 | 1 | 1
26 | 6 | 2
29 | 9 | 1
31 | 8 | 0
32 | 5 | 1
23 | 3 | 3
15 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude no others),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
7 | 4 | 0
13 | 2 | 2
22 | 1 | 1
26 | 6 | 2
29 | 9 | 1
31 | 8 | 0
32 | 5 | 1
23 | 3 | 3
15 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
3 | 4 | 0
11 | 2 | 2
21 | 1 | 1
20 | 6 | 2
20 | 9 | 1
23 | 8 | 0
27 | 5 | 1
20 | 3 | 3
8 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 4 | 0
| 2 | 2
| 1 | 1
| 6 | 2
| 9 | 1
| 8 | 0
| 5 | 1
| 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
| 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
4 | 4 | 0
2 | 2 | 2
1 | 1 | 1
6 | 6 | 2
9 | 9 | 1
8 | 8 | 0
5 | 5 | 1
3 | 3 | 3
7 | 7 | 3
0 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
first_value | unique1 | four
-------------+---------+------
8 | 0 | 0
4 | 8 | 0
5 | 4 | 0
9 | 5 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
6 | 1 | 1
2 | 6 | 2
3 | 2 | 2
7 | 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
first_value | unique1 | four
-------------+---------+------
| 0 | 0
5 | 8 | 0
5 | 4 | 0
| 5 | 1
6 | 9 | 1
6 | 1 | 1
3 | 6 | 2
3 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
first_value | unique1 | four
-------------+---------+------
0 | 0 | 0
8 | 8 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
5 | 5 | 1
9 | 9 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
6 | 6 | 2
2 | 2 | 2
3 | 3 | 3
7 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
last_value | unique1 | four
------------+---------+------
4 | 0 | 0
5 | 8 | 0
9 | 4 | 0
1 | 5 | 1
6 | 9 | 1
2 | 1 | 1
3 | 6 | 2
7 | 2 | 2
7 | 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
last_value | unique1 | four
------------+---------+------
| 0 | 0
5 | 8 | 0
9 | 4 | 0
| 5 | 1
6 | 9 | 1
2 | 1 | 1
3 | 6 | 2
7 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
last_value | unique1 | four
------------+---------+------
0 | 0 | 0
5 | 8 | 0
9 | 4 | 0
5 | 5 | 1
6 | 9 | 1
2 | 1 | 1
3 | 6 | 2
7 | 2 | 2
3 | 3 | 3
7 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 4 | 0
4 | 2 | 2
6 | 1 | 1
3 | 6 | 2
7 | 9 | 1
15 | 8 | 0
17 | 5 | 1
13 | 3 | 3
8 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 following and 3 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
9 | 4 | 0
16 | 2 | 2
23 | 1 | 1
22 | 6 | 2
16 | 9 | 1
15 | 8 | 0
10 | 5 | 1
7 | 3 | 3
0 | 7 | 3
| 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and 1 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
6 | 4 | 0
7 | 2 | 2
13 | 1 | 1
22 | 6 | 2
30 | 9 | 1
35 | 8 | 0
38 | 5 | 1
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
45 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between current row and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 0 | 0
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 4 | 0
33 | 5 | 1
33 | 9 | 1
33 | 1 | 1
18 | 6 | 2
18 | 2 | 2
10 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
12 | 0 | 0
4 | 8 | 0
8 | 4 | 0
22 | 5 | 1
18 | 9 | 1
26 | 1 | 1
29 | 6 | 2
33 | 2 | 2
42 | 3 | 3
38 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
35 | 3 | 3
35 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
0 | 0 | 0
8 | 8 | 0
4 | 4 | 0
17 | 5 | 1
21 | 9 | 1
13 | 1 | 1
33 | 6 | 2
29 | 2 | 2
38 | 3 | 3
42 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT first_value(unique1) over w,
nth_value(unique1, 2) over w AS nth_2,
last_value(unique1) over w, unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10
WINDOW w AS (order by four range between current row and unbounded following);
first_value | nth_2 | last_value | unique1 | four
-------------+-------+------------+---------+------
0 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0
0 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 0
0 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 0
5 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 1
5 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 1
5 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1
6 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2
6 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2
3 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 3
3 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over
(order by unique1
rows (SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 1) + 1 PRECEDING),
unique1
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1
-----+---------
0 | 0
1 | 1
3 | 2
5 | 3
7 | 4
9 | 5
11 | 6
13 | 7
15 | 8
17 | 9
(10 rows)
CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 3
2 | 6
3 | 9
4 | 12
5 | 15
6 | 18
7 | 21
8 | 24
9 | 27
10 | 19
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
exclude current row) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | 12
7 | 14
8 | 16
9 | 18
10 | 9
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE CURRENT ROW) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
exclude group) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | 12
7 | 14
8 | 16
9 | 18
10 | 9
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE GROUP) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
exclude ties) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 3
2 | 6
3 | 9
4 | 12
5 | 15
6 | 18
7 | 21
8 | 24
9 | 27
10 | 19
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE TIES) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
exclude no others) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 3
2 | 6
3 | 9
4 | 12
5 | 15
6 | 18
7 | 21
8 | 24
9 | 27
10 | 19
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i groups between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
SELECT * FROM v_window;
i | sum_rows
----+----------
1 | 3
2 | 6
3 | 9
4 | 12
5 | 15
6 | 18
7 | 21
8 | 24
9 | 27
10 | 19
(10 rows)
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i GROUPS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
(1 row)
DROP VIEW v_window;
CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
SELECT i, min(i) over (order by i range between '1 day' preceding and '10 days' following) as min_i
FROM generate_series(now(), now()+'100 days'::interval, '1 hour') i;
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
pg_get_viewdef
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT i.i, +
min(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i RANGE BETWEEN '@ 1 day'::interval PRECEDING AND '@ 10 days'::interval FOLLOWING) AS min_i+
FROM generate_series(now(), (now() + '@ 100 days'::interval), '@ 1 hour'::interval) i(i);
(1 row)
-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING tests
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four desc range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
10 | 6 | 2
10 | 2 | 2
18 | 9 | 1
18 | 5 | 1
18 | 1 | 1
23 | 0 | 0
23 | 8 | 0
23 | 4 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude no others),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude ties),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
33 | 0 | 0
41 | 8 | 0
37 | 4 | 0
35 | 5 | 1
39 | 9 | 1
31 | 1 | 1
43 | 6 | 2
39 | 2 | 2
26 | 3 | 3
30 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude group),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
33 | 0 | 0
33 | 8 | 0
33 | 4 | 0
30 | 5 | 1
30 | 9 | 1
30 | 1 | 1
37 | 6 | 2
37 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
4 | 0 | 0
12 | 4 | 0
12 | 8 | 0
6 | 1 | 1
15 | 5 | 1
14 | 9 | 1
8 | 2 | 2
8 | 6 | 2
10 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following
exclude current row),unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
4 | 0 | 0
8 | 4 | 0
4 | 8 | 0
5 | 1 | 1
10 | 5 | 1
5 | 9 | 1
6 | 2 | 2
2 | 6 | 2
7 | 3 | 3
3 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-------+--------+-------------
34900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
34900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
38400 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
47100 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
47100 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
47100 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
47100 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
36100 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
32200 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
32200 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-------+--------+-------------
32200 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
32200 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
36100 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
47100 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
47100 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
47100 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
47100 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
38400 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
34900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
34900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval following and '1 year'::interval following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-----+--------+-------------
| 4200 | 01-01-2008
| 4500 | 01-01-2008
| 3500 | 12-10-2007
| 5200 | 08-15-2007
| 4800 | 08-08-2007
| 4800 | 08-01-2007
| 5200 | 08-01-2007
| 3900 | 12-23-2006
| 5000 | 10-01-2006
| 6000 | 10-01-2006
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude current row), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-------+--------+-------------
29900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
28900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
34500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
42300 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
41900 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
42300 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
41900 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
32600 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
27700 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
28000 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude group), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-------+--------+-------------
23900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
23900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
34500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
37100 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
37100 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
42300 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
41900 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
32600 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
23500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
23500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
sum | salary | enroll_date
-------+--------+-------------
28900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
29900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
38400 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
41900 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
42300 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
47100 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
47100 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
36100 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
28000 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
27700 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
salary from empsalary;
first_value | lead | nth_value | salary
-------------+------+-----------+--------
3500 | 3900 | 3500 | 3500
3500 | 4200 | 3500 | 3900
3500 | 4500 | 3500 | 4200
3500 | 4800 | 3500 | 4500
3900 | 4800 | 3900 | 4800
3900 | 5000 | 3900 | 4800
4200 | 5200 | 4200 | 5000
4200 | 5200 | 4200 | 5200
4200 | 6000 | 4200 | 5200
5000 | | 5000 | 6000
(10 rows)
select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
salary from empsalary;
last_value | lag | salary
------------+------+--------
4500 | | 3500
4800 | 3500 | 3900
5200 | 3900 | 4200
5200 | 4200 | 4500
5200 | 4500 | 4800
5200 | 4800 | 4800
6000 | 4800 | 5000
6000 | 5000 | 5200
6000 | 5200 | 5200
6000 | 5200 | 6000
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
exclude current row),
lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude ties),
nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
exclude ties),
salary from empsalary;
first_value | lead | nth_value | salary
-------------+------+-----------+--------
4500 | 3900 | 4500 | 3500
5000 | 4200 | 5000 | 3900
5200 | 4500 | 5200 | 4200
6000 | 4800 | 6000 | 4500
6000 | 4800 | 6000 | 4800
6000 | 5000 | 6000 | 4800
6000 | 5200 | 6000 | 5000
| 5200 | | 5200
| 6000 | | 5200
| | | 6000
(10 rows)
select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
exclude group),
lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude group),
salary from empsalary;
last_value | lag | salary
------------+------+--------
6000 | | 3500
6000 | 3500 | 3900
6000 | 3900 | 4200
6000 | 4200 | 4500
6000 | 4500 | 4800
6000 | 4800 | 4800
6000 | 4800 | 5000
| 5000 | 5200
| 5200 | 5200
| 5200 | 6000
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude ties),
last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------------+--------+-------------
5000 | 5200 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
6000 | 5200 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 3500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
5000 | 4200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
5000 | 4200 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude ties),
last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude ties),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------------+--------+-------------
5000 | 5200 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
6000 | 5200 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 3500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
5000 | 4200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
5000 | 4500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
5000 | 4200 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude group),
last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude group),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------------+--------+-------------
3900 | 5200 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
3900 | 5200 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 3500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
5000 | 4200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
5000 | 3500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
5000 | 3500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude current row),
last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
exclude current row),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------------+--------+-------------
6000 | 5200 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 5200 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 3500 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
5000 | 4200 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
5000 | 4200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
5000 | 4200 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
5000 | 4500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING with null values
select x, y,
first_value(y) over w,
last_value(y) over w
from
(select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
union all select null, 42
union all select null, 43) ss
window w as
(order by x asc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
x | y | first_value | last_value
---+----+-------------+------------
| 42 | 42 | 43
| 43 | 42 | 43
1 | 1 | 1 | 3
2 | 2 | 1 | 4
3 | 3 | 1 | 5
4 | 4 | 2 | 5
5 | 5 | 3 | 5
(7 rows)
select x, y,
first_value(y) over w,
last_value(y) over w
from
(select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
union all select null, 42
union all select null, 43) ss
window w as
(order by x asc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
x | y | first_value | last_value
---+----+-------------+------------
1 | 1 | 1 | 3
2 | 2 | 1 | 4
3 | 3 | 1 | 5
4 | 4 | 2 | 5
5 | 5 | 3 | 5
| 42 | 42 | 43
| 43 | 42 | 43
(7 rows)
select x, y,
first_value(y) over w,
last_value(y) over w
from
(select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
union all select null, 42
union all select null, 43) ss
window w as
(order by x desc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
x | y | first_value | last_value
---+----+-------------+------------
| 43 | 43 | 42
| 42 | 43 | 42
5 | 5 | 5 | 3
4 | 4 | 5 | 2
3 | 3 | 5 | 1
2 | 2 | 4 | 1
1 | 1 | 3 | 1
(7 rows)
select x, y,
first_value(y) over w,
last_value(y) over w
from
(select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
union all select null, 42
union all select null, 43) ss
window w as
(order by x desc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
x | y | first_value | last_value
---+----+-------------+------------
5 | 5 | 5 | 3
4 | 4 | 5 | 2
3 | 3 | 5 | 1
2 | 2 | 4 | 1
1 | 1 | 3 | 1
| 42 | 42 | 43
| 43 | 42 | 43
(7 rows)
-- There is a syntactic ambiguity in the SQL standard. Since
-- UNBOUNDED is a non-reserved word, it could be the name of a
-- function parameter and be used as an expression. There is a
-- grammar hack to resolve such cases as the keyword. The following
-- tests record this behavior.
CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
LANGUAGE SQL
BEGIN ATOMIC
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1b(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
$$;
-- These will apply the argument to the window specification inside the function.
SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1a(2);
a | b | c
----+---+---
7 | 4 | 0
13 | 2 | 2
22 | 1 | 1
26 | 6 | 2
29 | 9 | 1
31 | 8 | 0
32 | 5 | 1
23 | 3 | 3
15 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1b(2);
a | b | c
----+---+---
7 | 4 | 0
13 | 2 | 2
22 | 1 | 1
26 | 6 | 2
29 | 9 | 1
31 | 8 | 0
32 | 5 | 1
23 | 3 | 3
15 | 7 | 3
10 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2a(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
LANGUAGE SQL
BEGIN ATOMIC
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2b(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
$$;
-- These will not apply the argument but instead treat UNBOUNDED as a keyword.
SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2a(2);
a | b | c
----+---+---
45 | 4 | 0
45 | 2 | 2
45 | 1 | 1
45 | 6 | 2
45 | 9 | 1
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 5 | 1
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
45 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2b(2);
a | b | c
----+---+---
45 | 4 | 0
45 | 2 | 2
45 | 1 | 1
45 | 6 | 2
45 | 9 | 1
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 5 | 1
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
45 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
DROP FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a, unbounded_syntax_test1b,
unbounded_syntax_test2a, unbounded_syntax_test2b;
-- Other tests with token UNBOUNDED in potentially problematic position
CREATE FUNCTION unbounded(x int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE RETURN x;
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 preceding and 1 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
6 | 4 | 0
7 | 2 | 2
9 | 1 | 1
16 | 6 | 2
23 | 9 | 1
22 | 8 | 0
16 | 5 | 1
15 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
7 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded(1) preceding and unbounded(1) following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
6 | 4 | 0
7 | 2 | 2
9 | 1 | 1
16 | 6 | 2
23 | 9 | 1
22 | 8 | 0
16 | 5 | 1
15 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
7 | 0 | 0
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded.x preceding and unbounded.x following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1, (values (1)) as unbounded(x) WHERE unique1 < 10;
ERROR: argument of ROWS must not contain variables
LINE 1: SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded.x preceding...
^
DROP FUNCTION unbounded;
-- Check overflow behavior for various integer sizes
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint range between current row and 2147450884 following)
from generate_series(32764, 32766) x;
x | last_value
-------+------------
32764 | 32766
32765 | 32766
32766 | 32766
(3 rows)
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint desc range between current row and 2147450885 following)
from generate_series(-32766, -32764) x;
x | last_value
--------+------------
-32764 | -32766
-32765 | -32766
-32766 | -32766
(3 rows)
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
from generate_series(2147483644, 2147483646) x;
x | last_value
------------+------------
2147483644 | 2147483646
2147483645 | 2147483646
2147483646 | 2147483646
(3 rows)
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
from generate_series(-2147483646, -2147483644) x;
x | last_value
-------------+-------------
-2147483644 | -2147483646
-2147483645 | -2147483646
-2147483646 | -2147483646
(3 rows)
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
from generate_series(9223372036854775804, 9223372036854775806) x;
x | last_value
---------------------+---------------------
9223372036854775804 | 9223372036854775806
9223372036854775805 | 9223372036854775806
9223372036854775806 | 9223372036854775806
(3 rows)
select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
from generate_series(-9223372036854775806, -9223372036854775804) x;
x | last_value
----------------------+----------------------
-9223372036854775804 | -9223372036854775806
-9223372036854775805 | -9223372036854775806
-9223372036854775806 | -9223372036854775806
(3 rows)
-- Test in_range for other numeric datatypes
create temp table numerics(
id int,
f_float4 float4,
f_float8 float8,
f_numeric numeric
);
insert into numerics values
(0, '-infinity', '-infinity', '-infinity'),
(1, -3, -3, -3),
(2, -1, -1, -1),
(3, 0, 0, 0),
(4, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1),
(5, 1.12, 1.12, 1.12),
(6, 2, 2, 2),
(7, 100, 100, 100),
(8, 'infinity', 'infinity', 'infinity'),
(9, 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN');
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
1 preceding and 1 following);
id | f_float4 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 3
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
1 preceding and 1.1::float4 following);
id | f_float4 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 4
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
id | f_float4 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 0 | 8
2 | -1 | 0 | 8
3 | 0 | 0 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 8
6 | 2 | 0 | 8
7 | 100 | 0 | 8
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
id | f_float4 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 0 | 0
2 | -1 | 0 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 0
6 | 2 | 0 | 0
7 | 100 | 0 | 0
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
'inf' following and 'inf' following);
id | f_float4 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 8 | 8
2 | -1 | 8 | 8
3 | 0 | 8 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 8 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 8 | 8
6 | 2 | 8 | 8
7 | 100 | 8 | 8
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float4 range between
1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following); -- error, NaN disallowed
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
1 preceding and 1 following);
id | f_float8 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 3
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);
id | f_float8 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 4
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
id | f_float8 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 0 | 8
2 | -1 | 0 | 8
3 | 0 | 0 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 8
6 | 2 | 0 | 8
7 | 100 | 0 | 8
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
id | f_float8 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 0 | 0
2 | -1 | 0 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 0
6 | 2 | 0 | 0
7 | 100 | 0 | 0
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
'inf' following and 'inf' following);
id | f_float8 | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 8 | 8
2 | -1 | 8 | 8
3 | 0 | 8 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 8 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 8 | 8
6 | 2 | 8 | 8
7 | 100 | 8 | 8
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_float8 range between
1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following); -- error, NaN disallowed
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
1 preceding and 1 following);
id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 3
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
1 preceding and 1.1::numeric following);
id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 1 | 1
2 | -1 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 4
4 | 1.1 | 4 | 6
5 | 1.12 | 4 | 6
6 | 2 | 4 | 6
7 | 100 | 7 | 7
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following); -- currently unsupported
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type numeric and offset type double precision
LINE 4: 1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);
^
HINT: Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 0 | 8
2 | -1 | 0 | 8
3 | 0 | 0 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 8
6 | 2 | 0 | 8
7 | 100 | 0 | 8
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 0
1 | -3 | 0 | 0
2 | -1 | 0 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0
4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0
5 | 1.12 | 0 | 0
6 | 2 | 0 | 0
7 | 100 | 0 | 0
8 | Infinity | 0 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
'inf' following and 'inf' following);
id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value
----+-----------+-------------+------------
0 | -Infinity | 0 | 8
1 | -3 | 8 | 8
2 | -1 | 8 | 8
3 | 0 | 8 | 8
4 | 1.1 | 8 | 8
5 | 1.12 | 8 | 8
6 | 2 | 8 | 8
7 | 100 | 8 | 8
8 | Infinity | 8 | 8
9 | NaN | 9 | 9
(10 rows)
select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from numerics
window w as (order by f_numeric range between
1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following); -- error, NaN disallowed
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
-- Test in_range for other datetime datatypes
create temp table datetimes(
id int,
f_time time,
f_timetz timetz,
f_interval interval,
f_timestamptz timestamptz,
f_timestamp timestamp
);
insert into datetimes values
(1, '11:00', '11:00 BST', '1 year', '2000-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2000-10-19 10:23:54'),
(2, '12:00', '12:00 BST', '2 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
(3, '13:00', '13:00 BST', '3 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
(4, '14:00', '14:00 BST', '4 years', '2002-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2002-10-19 10:23:54'),
(5, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2003-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2003-10-19 10:23:54'),
(6, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2004-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2004-10-19 10:23:54'),
(7, '17:00', '17:00 BST', '7 years', '2005-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2005-10-19 10:23:54'),
(8, '18:00', '18:00 BST', '8 years', '2006-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2006-10-19 10:23:54'),
(9, '19:00', '19:00 BST', '9 years', '2007-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2007-10-19 10:23:54'),
(10, '20:00', '20:00 BST', '10 years', '2008-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2008-10-19 10:23:54');
select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_time range between
'70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
id | f_time | first_value | last_value
----+----------+-------------+------------
1 | 11:00:00 | 1 | 3
2 | 12:00:00 | 1 | 4
3 | 13:00:00 | 2 | 6
4 | 14:00:00 | 3 | 6
5 | 15:00:00 | 4 | 7
6 | 15:00:00 | 4 | 7
7 | 17:00:00 | 7 | 9
8 | 18:00:00 | 7 | 10
9 | 19:00:00 | 8 | 10
10 | 20:00:00 | 9 | 10
(10 rows)
select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_time desc range between
'70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
id | f_time | first_value | last_value
----+----------+-------------+------------
10 | 20:00:00 | 10 | 8
9 | 19:00:00 | 10 | 7
8 | 18:00:00 | 9 | 7
7 | 17:00:00 | 8 | 5
6 | 15:00:00 | 6 | 3
5 | 15:00:00 | 6 | 3
4 | 14:00:00 | 6 | 2
3 | 13:00:00 | 4 | 1
2 | 12:00:00 | 3 | 1
1 | 11:00:00 | 2 | 1
(10 rows)
select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timetz range between
'70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
id | f_timetz | first_value | last_value
----+-------------+-------------+------------
1 | 11:00:00+01 | 1 | 3
2 | 12:00:00+01 | 1 | 4
3 | 13:00:00+01 | 2 | 6
4 | 14:00:00+01 | 3 | 6
5 | 15:00:00+01 | 4 | 7
6 | 15:00:00+01 | 4 | 7
7 | 17:00:00+01 | 7 | 9
8 | 18:00:00+01 | 7 | 10
9 | 19:00:00+01 | 8 | 10
10 | 20:00:00+01 | 9 | 10
(10 rows)
select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timetz desc range between
'70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
id | f_timetz | first_value | last_value
----+-------------+-------------+------------
10 | 20:00:00+01 | 10 | 8
9 | 19:00:00+01 | 10 | 7
8 | 18:00:00+01 | 9 | 7
7 | 17:00:00+01 | 8 | 5
6 | 15:00:00+01 | 6 | 3
5 | 15:00:00+01 | 6 | 3
4 | 14:00:00+01 | 6 | 2
3 | 13:00:00+01 | 4 | 1
2 | 12:00:00+01 | 3 | 1
1 | 11:00:00+01 | 2 | 1
(10 rows)
select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_interval range between
'1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
id | f_interval | first_value | last_value
----+------------+-------------+------------
1 | @ 1 year | 1 | 2
2 | @ 2 years | 1 | 3
3 | @ 3 years | 2 | 4
4 | @ 4 years | 3 | 6
5 | @ 5 years | 4 | 6
6 | @ 5 years | 4 | 6
7 | @ 7 years | 7 | 8
8 | @ 8 years | 7 | 9
9 | @ 9 years | 8 | 10
10 | @ 10 years | 9 | 10
(10 rows)
select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_interval desc range between
'1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
id | f_interval | first_value | last_value
----+------------+-------------+------------
10 | @ 10 years | 10 | 9
9 | @ 9 years | 10 | 8
8 | @ 8 years | 9 | 7
7 | @ 7 years | 8 | 7
6 | @ 5 years | 6 | 4
5 | @ 5 years | 6 | 4
4 | @ 4 years | 6 | 3
3 | @ 3 years | 4 | 2
2 | @ 2 years | 3 | 1
1 | @ 1 year | 2 | 1
(10 rows)
select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timestamptz range between
'1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
id | f_timestamptz | first_value | last_value
----+------------------------------+-------------+------------
1 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2000 PDT | 1 | 3
2 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT | 1 | 4
3 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT | 1 | 4
4 | Sat Oct 19 02:23:54 2002 PDT | 2 | 5
5 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2003 PDT | 4 | 6
6 | Tue Oct 19 02:23:54 2004 PDT | 5 | 7
7 | Wed Oct 19 02:23:54 2005 PDT | 6 | 8
8 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2006 PDT | 7 | 9
9 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2007 PDT | 8 | 10
10 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2008 PDT | 9 | 10
(10 rows)
select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timestamptz desc range between
'1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
id | f_timestamptz | first_value | last_value
----+------------------------------+-------------+------------
10 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2008 PDT | 10 | 9
9 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2007 PDT | 10 | 8
8 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2006 PDT | 9 | 7
7 | Wed Oct 19 02:23:54 2005 PDT | 8 | 6
6 | Tue Oct 19 02:23:54 2004 PDT | 7 | 5
5 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2003 PDT | 6 | 4
4 | Sat Oct 19 02:23:54 2002 PDT | 5 | 2
3 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT | 4 | 1
2 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT | 4 | 1
1 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2000 PDT | 3 | 1
(10 rows)
select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timestamp range between
'1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
id | f_timestamp | first_value | last_value
----+--------------------------+-------------+------------
1 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2000 | 1 | 3
2 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 | 1 | 4
3 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 | 1 | 4
4 | Sat Oct 19 10:23:54 2002 | 2 | 5
5 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2003 | 4 | 6
6 | Tue Oct 19 10:23:54 2004 | 5 | 7
7 | Wed Oct 19 10:23:54 2005 | 6 | 8
8 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2006 | 7 | 9
9 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2007 | 8 | 10
10 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2008 | 9 | 10
(10 rows)
select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
from datetimes
window w as (order by f_timestamp desc range between
'1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
id | f_timestamp | first_value | last_value
----+--------------------------+-------------+------------
10 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2008 | 10 | 9
9 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2007 | 10 | 8
8 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2006 | 9 | 7
7 | Wed Oct 19 10:23:54 2005 | 8 | 6
6 | Tue Oct 19 10:23:54 2004 | 7 | 5
5 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2003 | 6 | 4
4 | Sat Oct 19 10:23:54 2002 | 5 | 2
3 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 | 4 | 1
2 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 | 4 | 1
1 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2000 | 3 | 1
(10 rows)
-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING error cases
select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date, salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
LINE 1: select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date, salary range ...
^
select sum(salary) over (range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
LINE 1: select sum(salary) over (range between '1 year'::interval pr...
^
select sum(salary) over (order by depname range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type text
LINE 1: ... sum(salary) over (order by depname range between '1 year'::...
^
select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between 1 preceding and 2 following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type date and offset type integer
LINE 1: ...ll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between 1 precedin...
^
HINT: Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between -1 preceding and 2 following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between 1 preceding and -2 following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type integer and offset type interval
LINE 1: ...(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between '1 year'::...
^
HINT: Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '-2 years'::interval following
exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
ERROR: invalid preceding or following size in window function
-- GROUPS tests
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and current row),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
12 | 0 | 0
12 | 8 | 0
12 | 4 | 0
27 | 5 | 1
27 | 9 | 1
27 | 1 | 1
35 | 6 | 2
35 | 2 | 2
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 0 | 0
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 4 | 0
45 | 5 | 1
45 | 9 | 1
45 | 1 | 1
45 | 6 | 2
45 | 2 | 2
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between current row and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 0 | 0
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 4 | 0
33 | 5 | 1
33 | 9 | 1
33 | 1 | 1
18 | 6 | 2
18 | 2 | 2
10 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 preceding and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
45 | 0 | 0
45 | 8 | 0
45 | 4 | 0
45 | 5 | 1
45 | 9 | 1
45 | 1 | 1
33 | 6 | 2
33 | 2 | 2
18 | 3 | 3
18 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 following and unbounded following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
33 | 0 | 0
33 | 8 | 0
33 | 4 | 0
18 | 5 | 1
18 | 9 | 1
18 | 1 | 1
10 | 6 | 2
10 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 3
| 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and 2 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
35 | 0 | 0
35 | 8 | 0
35 | 4 | 0
45 | 5 | 1
45 | 9 | 1
45 | 1 | 1
45 | 6 | 2
45 | 2 | 2
45 | 3 | 3
45 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
| 0 | 0
| 8 | 0
| 4 | 0
12 | 5 | 1
12 | 9 | 1
12 | 1 | 1
27 | 6 | 2
27 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
27 | 0 | 0
27 | 8 | 0
27 | 4 | 0
35 | 5 | 1
35 | 9 | 1
35 | 1 | 1
45 | 6 | 2
45 | 2 | 2
33 | 3 | 3
33 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),
unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
12 | 0 | 0
12 | 8 | 0
12 | 4 | 0
15 | 5 | 1
15 | 9 | 1
15 | 1 | 1
8 | 6 | 2
8 | 2 | 2
10 | 3 | 3
10 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
exclude current row), unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
27 | 0 | 0
19 | 8 | 0
23 | 4 | 0
30 | 5 | 1
26 | 9 | 1
34 | 1 | 1
39 | 6 | 2
43 | 2 | 2
30 | 3 | 3
26 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
exclude group), unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
15 | 0 | 0
15 | 8 | 0
15 | 4 | 0
20 | 5 | 1
20 | 9 | 1
20 | 1 | 1
37 | 6 | 2
37 | 2 | 2
23 | 3 | 3
23 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
exclude ties), unique1, four
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four
-----+---------+------
15 | 0 | 0
23 | 8 | 0
19 | 4 | 0
25 | 5 | 1
29 | 9 | 1
21 | 1 | 1
43 | 6 | 2
39 | 2 | 2
26 | 3 | 3
30 | 7 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),unique1, four, ten
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four | ten
-----+---------+------+-----
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
2 | 2 | 2 | 2
3 | 3 | 3 | 3
4 | 4 | 0 | 4
5 | 5 | 1 | 5
6 | 6 | 2 | 6
7 | 7 | 3 | 7
8 | 8 | 0 | 8
9 | 9 | 1 | 9
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude current row), unique1, four, ten
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four | ten
-----+---------+------+-----
| 0 | 0 | 0
| 1 | 1 | 1
| 2 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 3 | 3
| 4 | 0 | 4
| 5 | 1 | 5
| 6 | 2 | 6
| 7 | 3 | 7
| 8 | 0 | 8
| 9 | 1 | 9
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude group), unique1, four, ten
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four | ten
-----+---------+------+-----
| 0 | 0 | 0
| 1 | 1 | 1
| 2 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 3 | 3
| 4 | 0 | 4
| 5 | 1 | 5
| 6 | 2 | 6
| 7 | 3 | 7
| 8 | 0 | 8
| 9 | 1 | 9
(10 rows)
SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude ties), unique1, four, ten
FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
sum | unique1 | four | ten
-----+---------+------+-----
0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
2 | 2 | 2 | 2
3 | 3 | 3 | 3
4 | 4 | 0 | 4
5 | 5 | 1 | 5
6 | 6 | 2 | 6
7 | 7 | 3 | 7
8 | 8 | 0 | 8
9 | 9 | 1 | 9
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | lead | nth_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------+-----------+--------+-------------
5000 | 6000 | 5000 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 3900 | 5000 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5000 | 4800 | 5000 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
3900 | 5200 | 3900 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
3900 | 4800 | 3900 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
4800 | 5200 | 4800 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
4800 | 3500 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
5200 | 4500 | 5200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
3500 | 4200 | 3500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
3500 | | 3500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
last_value | lag | salary | enroll_date
------------+------+--------+-------------
3900 | | 5000 | 10-01-2006
3900 | 5000 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5200 | 6000 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
4800 | 3900 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
4800 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5200 | 5200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
3500 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
4200 | 5200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
4200 | 3500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
4200 | 4500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
exclude current row),
lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude ties),
nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
exclude ties),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
first_value | lead | nth_value | salary | enroll_date
-------------+------+-----------+--------+-------------
3900 | 6000 | 3900 | 5000 | 10-01-2006
3900 | 3900 | 3900 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
4800 | 4800 | 4800 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
4800 | 5200 | 4800 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
4800 | 4800 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
5200 | 5200 | 5200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
3500 | 3500 | 3500 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
4500 | 4500 | 4500 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
| 4200 | | 4500 | 01-01-2008
| | | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
exclude group),
lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude group),
salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
last_value | lag | salary | enroll_date
------------+------+--------+-------------
4800 | | 5000 | 10-01-2006
4800 | 5000 | 6000 | 10-01-2006
5200 | 6000 | 3900 | 12-23-2006
3500 | 3900 | 4800 | 08-01-2007
3500 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-01-2007
4200 | 5200 | 4800 | 08-08-2007
4200 | 4800 | 5200 | 08-15-2007
4200 | 5200 | 3500 | 12-10-2007
| 3500 | 4500 | 01-01-2008
| 4500 | 4200 | 01-01-2008
(10 rows)
-- Show differences in offset interpretation between ROWS, RANGE, and GROUPS
WITH cte (x) AS (
SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 4
3 | 9
5 | 15
7 | 21
9 | 27
11 | 33
13 | 39
15 | 45
17 | 51
19 | 57
21 | 63
23 | 69
25 | 75
27 | 81
29 | 87
31 | 93
33 | 99
35 | 68
(18 rows)
WITH cte (x) AS (
SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 1
3 | 3
5 | 5
7 | 7
9 | 9
11 | 11
13 | 13
15 | 15
17 | 17
19 | 19
21 | 21
23 | 23
25 | 25
27 | 27
29 | 29
31 | 31
33 | 33
35 | 35
(18 rows)
WITH cte (x) AS (
SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 4
3 | 9
5 | 15
7 | 21
9 | 27
11 | 33
13 | 39
15 | 45
17 | 51
19 | 57
21 | 63
23 | 69
25 | 75
27 | 81
29 | 87
31 | 93
33 | 99
35 | 68
(18 rows)
WITH cte (x) AS (
select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 2
1 | 3
1 | 7
5 | 13
7 | 21
9 | 27
11 | 33
13 | 39
15 | 45
17 | 51
19 | 57
21 | 63
23 | 69
25 | 75
27 | 81
29 | 87
31 | 93
33 | 99
35 | 105
37 | 111
39 | 117
41 | 123
43 | 129
45 | 135
47 | 141
49 | 96
(26 rows)
WITH cte (x) AS (
select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 3
1 | 3
1 | 3
5 | 5
7 | 7
9 | 9
11 | 11
13 | 13
15 | 15
17 | 17
19 | 19
21 | 21
23 | 23
25 | 25
27 | 27
29 | 29
31 | 31
33 | 33
35 | 35
37 | 37
39 | 39
41 | 41
43 | 43
45 | 45
47 | 47
49 | 49
(26 rows)
WITH cte (x) AS (
select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
)
SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
FROM cte
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
x | sum
----+-----
1 | 8
1 | 8
1 | 8
5 | 15
7 | 21
9 | 27
11 | 33
13 | 39
15 | 45
17 | 51
19 | 57
21 | 63
23 | 69
25 | 75
27 | 81
29 | 87
31 | 93
33 | 99
35 | 105
37 | 111
39 | 117
41 | 123
43 | 129
45 | 135
47 | 141
49 | 96
(26 rows)
-- with UNION
SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk2)s LIMIT 0;
count
-------
(0 rows)
-- check some degenerate cases
create temp table t1 (f1 int, f2 int8);
insert into t1 values (1,1),(1,2),(2,2);
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2; -- error, must have order by
ERROR: RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
LINE 1: select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
^
explain (costs off)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------
WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: f1
-> Seq Scan on t1
Filter: (f1 = f2)
(5 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 | 1
2 | 2
(2 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
range between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 |
2 |
(2 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
range between 1 following and 2 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 |
2 |
(2 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2; -- error, must have order by
ERROR: GROUPS mode requires an ORDER BY clause
LINE 1: select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
^
explain (costs off)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------
WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: f1
-> Seq Scan on t1
Filter: (f1 = f2)
(5 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 | 1
2 | 2
(2 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 |
2 |
(2 rows)
select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
groups between 1 following and 2 following)
from t1 where f1 = f2;
f1 | sum
----+-----
1 |
2 |
(2 rows)
-- ordering by a non-integer constant is allowed
SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY length('abc'));
rank
------
1
(1 row)
-- can't order by another window function
SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY rank() OVER (ORDER BY random()));
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in window definitions
LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())...
^
-- some other errors
SELECT * FROM empsalary WHERE row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in WHERE
LINE 1: SELECT * FROM empsalary WHERE row_number() OVER (ORDER BY sa...
^
SELECT * FROM empsalary INNER JOIN tenk1 ON row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in JOIN conditions
LINE 1: SELECT * FROM empsalary INNER JOIN tenk1 ON row_number() OVE...
^
SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY 1), count(*) FROM empsalary GROUP BY 1;
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in GROUP BY
LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY 1), count(*) FROM empsalary GRO...
^
SELECT * FROM rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
ERROR: syntax error at or near "ORDER"
LINE 1: SELECT * FROM rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
^
DELETE FROM empsalary WHERE (rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())) > 10;
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in WHERE
LINE 1: DELETE FROM empsalary WHERE (rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())...
^
DELETE FROM empsalary RETURNING rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
ERROR: window functions are not allowed in RETURNING
LINE 1: DELETE FROM empsalary RETURNING rank() OVER (ORDER BY random...
^
SELECT count(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY unique1), w AS (ORDER BY unique1);
ERROR: window "w" is already defined
LINE 1: ...w FROM tenk1 WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY unique1), w AS (ORDER BY ...
^
SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four, ORDER BY ten) FROM tenk1;
ERROR: syntax error at or near "ORDER"
LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four, ORDER BY ten) FROM te...
^
SELECT count() OVER () FROM tenk1;
ERROR: count(*) must be used to call a parameterless aggregate function
LINE 1: SELECT count() OVER () FROM tenk1;
^
SELECT generate_series(1, 100) OVER () FROM empsalary;
ERROR: OVER specified, but generate_series is not a window function nor an aggregate function
LINE 1: SELECT generate_series(1, 100) OVER () FROM empsalary;
^
SELECT ntile(0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
ERROR: argument of ntile must be greater than zero
SELECT nth_value(four, 0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
ERROR: argument of nth_value must be greater than zero
-- filter
SELECT sum(salary), row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname), sum(
sum(salary) FILTER (WHERE enroll_date > '2007-01-01')
) FILTER (WHERE depname <> 'sales') OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC) AS "filtered_sum",
depname
FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
sum | row_number | filtered_sum | depname
-------+------------+--------------+-----------
25100 | 1 | 22600 | develop
7400 | 2 | 3500 | personnel
14600 | 3 | | sales
(3 rows)
-- Test pushdown of quals into a subquery containing window functions
-- pushdown is safe because all PARTITION BY clauses include depname:
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT depname,
sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depsalary,
min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || 'A', depname) depminsalary
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE depname = 'sales';
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
-> WindowAgg
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: (((empsalary.depname)::text || 'A'::text))
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
Filter: ((depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
(7 rows)
-- pushdown is unsafe because there's a PARTITION BY clause without depname:
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT depname,
sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY enroll_date) enroll_salary,
min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depminsalary
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE depname = 'sales';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: ((emp.depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.enroll_date
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(9 rows)
-- Test window function run conditions are properly pushed down into the
-- WindowAgg
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE rn < 3;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.empno
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
-- The following 3 statements should result the same result.
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE rn < 3;
empno | rn
-------+----
1 | 1
2 | 2
(2 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE 3 > rn;
empno | rn
-------+----
1 | 1
2 | 2
(2 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE 2 >= rn;
empno | rn
-------+----
1 | 1
2 | 2
(2 rows)
-- Ensure r <= 3 is pushed down into the run condition of the window agg
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE r <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (rank() OVER (?) <= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE r <= 3;
empno | salary | r
-------+--------+---
8 | 6000 | 1
10 | 5200 | 2
11 | 5200 | 2
(3 rows)
-- Ensure dr = 1 is converted to dr <= 1 to get all rows leading up to dr = 1
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE dr = 1;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.dr = 1)
-> WindowAgg
Run Condition: (dense_rank() OVER (?) <= 1)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(7 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE dr = 1;
empno | salary | dr
-------+--------+----
8 | 6000 | 1
(1 row)
-- Check COUNT() and COUNT(*)
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (count(*) OVER (?) <= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
empno | salary | c
-------+--------+---
8 | 6000 | 1
10 | 5200 | 3
11 | 5200 | 3
(3 rows)
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(1) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (count(1) OVER (?) <= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(1) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
empno | salary | c
-------+--------+---
8 | 6000 | 1
10 | 5200 | 3
11 | 5200 | 3
(3 rows)
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c >= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (count(*) OVER (?) >= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER () c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE 11 <= c;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (11 <= count(*) OVER (?))
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(3 rows)
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c,
dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE dr = 1;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.dr = 1)
-> WindowAgg
Run Condition: (dense_rank() OVER (?) <= 1)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(7 rows)
-- Ensure we get a run condition when there's a PARTITION BY clause
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE rn < 3;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.empno
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
-- and ensure we get the correct results from the above plan
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE rn < 3;
empno | depname | rn
-------+-----------+----
7 | develop | 1
8 | develop | 2
2 | personnel | 1
5 | personnel | 2
1 | sales | 1
3 | sales | 2
(6 rows)
-- ensure that "unused" subquery columns are not removed when the column only
-- exists in the run condition
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT empno, depname FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE rn < 3;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
-> WindowAgg
Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.empno
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(6 rows)
-- likewise with count(1) instead of row_number()
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
salary,
count(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (count(1) OVER (?) <= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
-- and again, check the results are what we expect.
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
salary,
count(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
empno | depname | salary | c
-------+-----------+--------+---
8 | develop | 6000 | 1
10 | develop | 5200 | 3
11 | develop | 5200 | 3
2 | personnel | 3900 | 1
5 | personnel | 3500 | 2
1 | sales | 5000 | 1
4 | sales | 4800 | 3
3 | sales | 4800 | 3
(8 rows)
-- Ensure we get the correct run condition when the window function is both
-- monotonically increasing and decreasing.
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
depname,
salary,
count(1) OVER () c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c = 1;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
Run Condition: (count(1) OVER (?) = 1)
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(3 rows)
-- Some more complex cases with multiple window clauses
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT *,
count(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
FROM empsalary
) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on e
-> WindowAgg
Filter: ((row_number() OVER (?)) <= 1)
Run Condition: (count(1) OVER (?) <= 3)
-> Sort
Sort Key: (((empsalary.depname)::text || ''::text))
-> WindowAgg
Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) <= 1)
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: ((''::text || (empsalary.depname)::text))
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(14 rows)
-- Ensure we correctly filter out all of the run conditions from each window
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT *,
count(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
FROM empsalary
) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
depname | empno | salary | enroll_date | c1 | rn | c2 | c3
-----------+-------+--------+-------------+----+----+----+----
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 12-10-2007 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2
sales | 3 | 4800 | 08-01-2007 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3
(2 rows)
-- Tests to ensure we don't push down the run condition when it's not valid to
-- do so.
-- Ensure we don't push down when the frame options show that the window
-- function is not monotonically increasing
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c <= 3;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.c <= 3)
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(6 rows)
-- Ensure we don't push down when the window function's monotonic properties
-- don't match that of the clauses.
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE 3 <= c;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (3 <= emp.c)
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.salary
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(6 rows)
-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when there's a volatile function in the
-- WindowFunc
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(random()) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c = 1;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.c = 1)
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.empno DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(6 rows)
-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when the WindowFunc arg contains a Var
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count(empno) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c = 1;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.c = 1)
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.empno DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(6 rows)
-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when the WindowFunc contains subplans
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT empno,
salary,
count((SELECT 1)) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE c = 1;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: (emp.c = 1)
-> WindowAgg
InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
-> Result
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.empno DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(8 rows)
-- Test Sort node collapsing
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT depname,
sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname order by empno) depsalary,
min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname, empno order by enroll_date) depminsalary
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE depname = 'sales';
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
-> WindowAgg
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.empno, empsalary.enroll_date
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
Filter: ((depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
(7 rows)
-- Test Sort node reordering
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT
lead(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary, enroll_date),
lag(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary,enroll_date,empno)
FROM empsalary;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------
WindowAgg
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: depname, salary, enroll_date, empno
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(5 rows)
-- Test incremental sorting
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT depname,
empno,
salary,
enroll_date,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on emp
Filter: ((emp.first_emp = 1) OR (emp.last_emp = 1))
-> WindowAgg
-> Incremental Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.enroll_date
Presorted Key: empsalary.depname
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.enroll_date DESC
-> Seq Scan on empsalary
(10 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT depname,
empno,
salary,
enroll_date,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
FROM empsalary) emp
WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
depname | empno | salary | enroll_date | first_emp | last_emp
-----------+-------+--------+-------------+-----------+----------
develop | 8 | 6000 | 10-01-2006 | 1 | 5
develop | 7 | 4200 | 01-01-2008 | 5 | 1
personnel | 2 | 3900 | 12-23-2006 | 1 | 2
personnel | 5 | 3500 | 12-10-2007 | 2 | 1
sales | 1 | 5000 | 10-01-2006 | 1 | 3
sales | 4 | 4800 | 08-08-2007 | 3 | 1
(6 rows)
-- cleanup
DROP TABLE empsalary;
-- test user-defined window function with named args and default args
CREATE FUNCTION nth_value_def(val anyelement, n integer = 1) RETURNS anyelement
LANGUAGE internal WINDOW IMMUTABLE STRICT AS 'window_nth_value';
SELECT nth_value_def(n := 2, val := ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
nth_value_def | ten | four
---------------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
| 0 | 2
3 | 1 | 3
3 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
SELECT nth_value_def(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
nth_value_def | ten | four
---------------+-----+------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
1 | 7 | 1
1 | 9 | 1
0 | 0 | 2
1 | 1 | 3
1 | 3 | 3
(10 rows)
--
-- Test the basic moving-aggregate machinery
--
-- create aggregates that record the series of transform calls (these are
-- intentionally not true inverses)
CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict (anyelement)
(
stype = text,
sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
mstype = text,
msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict
);
CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond (anyelement)
(
stype = text,
sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
mstype = text,
msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict,
initcond = 'I',
minitcond = 'MI'
);
CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT $1 || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT $1 || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict (text)
(
stype = text,
sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
mstype = text,
msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict
);
CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict_initcond (anyelement)
(
stype = text,
sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
mstype = text,
msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict,
initcond = 'I',
minitcond = 'MI'
);
-- test strict and non-strict cases
SELECT
p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') AS row,
logging_agg_nonstrict(v) over wnd as nstrict,
logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) over wnd as nstrict_init,
logging_agg_strict(v::text) over wnd as strict,
logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) over wnd as strict_init
FROM (VALUES
(1, 1, NULL),
(1, 2, 'a'),
(1, 3, 'b'),
(1, 4, NULL),
(1, 5, NULL),
(1, 6, 'c'),
(2, 1, NULL),
(2, 2, 'x'),
(3, 1, 'z')
) AS t(p, i, v)
WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY P ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY p, i;
row | nstrict | nstrict_init | strict | strict_init
----------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------
1,1:NULL | +NULL | MI+NULL | | MI
1,2:a | +NULL+'a' | MI+NULL+'a' | a | MI+'a'
1,3:b | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b' | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b' | a+'b' | MI+'a'+'b'
1,4:NULL | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL | a+'b'-'a' | MI+'a'+'b'-'a'
1,5:NULL | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL | | MI
1,6:c | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL-NULL+'c' | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL-NULL+'c' | c | MI+'c'
2,1:NULL | +NULL | MI+NULL | | MI
2,2:x | +NULL+'x' | MI+NULL+'x' | x | MI+'x'
3,1:z | +'z' | MI+'z' | z | MI+'z'
(9 rows)
-- and again, but with filter
SELECT
p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' ||
CASE WHEN f THEN COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') ELSE '-' END as row,
logging_agg_nonstrict(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_filt,
logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_init_filt,
logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_filt,
logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_init_filt
FROM (VALUES
(1, 1, true, NULL),
(1, 2, false, 'a'),
(1, 3, true, 'b'),
(1, 4, false, NULL),
(1, 5, false, NULL),
(1, 6, false, 'c'),
(2, 1, false, NULL),
(2, 2, true, 'x'),
(3, 1, true, 'z')
) AS t(p, i, f, v)
WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY p ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY p, i;
row | nstrict_filt | nstrict_init_filt | strict_filt | strict_init_filt
----------+--------------+-------------------+-------------+------------------
1,1:NULL | +NULL | MI+NULL | | MI
1,2:- | +NULL | MI+NULL | | MI
1,3:b | +'b' | MI+'b' | b | MI+'b'
1,4:- | +'b' | MI+'b' | b | MI+'b'
1,5:- | | MI | | MI
1,6:- | | MI | | MI
2,1:- | | MI | | MI
2,2:x | +'x' | MI+'x' | x | MI+'x'
3,1:z | +'z' | MI+'z' | z | MI+'z'
(9 rows)
-- test that volatile arguments disable moving-aggregate mode
SELECT
i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
logging_agg_strict(v::text)
over wnd as inverse,
logging_agg_strict(v::text || CASE WHEN random() < 0 then '?' ELSE '' END)
over wnd as noinverse
FROM (VALUES
(1, 'a'),
(2, 'b'),
(3, 'c')
) AS t(i, v)
WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY i;
row | inverse | noinverse
-----+---------------+-----------
1:a | a | a
2:b | a+'b' | a*'b'
3:c | a+'b'-'a'+'c' | b*'c'
(3 rows)
SELECT
i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where true)
over wnd as inverse,
logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where random() >= 0)
over wnd as noinverse
FROM (VALUES
(1, 'a'),
(2, 'b'),
(3, 'c')
) AS t(i, v)
WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY i;
row | inverse | noinverse
-----+---------------+-----------
1:a | a | a
2:b | a+'b' | a*'b'
3:c | a+'b'-'a'+'c' | b*'c'
(3 rows)
-- test that non-overlapping windows don't use inverse transitions
SELECT
logging_agg_strict(v::text) OVER wnd
FROM (VALUES
(1, 'a'),
(2, 'b'),
(3, 'c')
) AS t(i, v)
WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY i;
logging_agg_strict
--------------------
a
b
c
(3 rows)
-- test that returning NULL from the inverse transition functions
-- restarts the aggregation from scratch. The second aggregate is supposed
-- to test cases where only some aggregates restart, the third one checks
-- that one aggregate restarting doesn't cause others to restart.
CREATE FUNCTION sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS
$$ SELECT CASE WHEN random() < 0.2 THEN NULL ELSE $1 - $2 END $$
LANGUAGE SQL STRICT;
CREATE AGGREGATE sum_int_randomrestart (int4)
(
stype = int4,
sfunc = int4pl,
mstype = int4,
msfunc = int4pl,
minvfunc = sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc
);
WITH
vs AS (
SELECT i, (random() * 100)::int4 AS v
FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS i
),
sum_following AS (
SELECT i, SUM(v) OVER
(ORDER BY i DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS s
FROM vs
)
SELECT DISTINCT
sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(v) OVER fwd AS eq1,
-sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(-v) OVER fwd AS eq2,
100*3+(vs.i-1)*3 = length(logging_agg_nonstrict(''::text) OVER fwd) AS eq3
FROM vs
JOIN sum_following ON sum_following.i = vs.i
WINDOW fwd AS (
ORDER BY vs.i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
);
eq1 | eq2 | eq3
-----+-----+-----
t | t | t
(1 row)
--
-- Test various built-in aggregates that have moving-aggregate support
--
-- test inverse transition functions handle NULLs properly
SELECT i,AVG(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | avg
---+--------------------
1 | 1.5000000000000000
2 | 2.0000000000000000
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,AVG(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | avg
---+--------------------
1 | 1.5000000000000000
2 | 2.0000000000000000
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,AVG(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | avg
---+--------------------
1 | 1.5000000000000000
2 | 2.0000000000000000
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,AVG(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1.5),(2,2.5),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | avg
---+--------------------
1 | 2.0000000000000000
2 | 2.5000000000000000
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,AVG(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | avg
---+------------
1 | @ 1.5 secs
2 | @ 2 secs
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3
2 | 2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3
2 | 2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3
2 | 2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::money) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,'1.10'),(2,'2.20'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-------
1 | $3.30
2 | $2.20
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+----------
1 | @ 3 secs
2 | @ 2 secs
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1.1),(2,2.2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3.3
2 | 2.2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT SUM(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1.01),(2,2),(3,3)) v(i,n);
sum
------
6.01
5
3
(3 rows)
SELECT i,COUNT(v) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | count
---+-------
1 | 2
2 | 1
3 | 0
4 | 0
(4 rows)
SELECT i,COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | count
---+-------
1 | 4
2 | 3
3 | 2
4 | 1
(4 rows)
SELECT VAR_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_pop
-----------------------
21704.000000000000
13868.750000000000
11266.666666666667
4225.0000000000000000
0
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_pop
-----------------------
21704.000000000000
13868.750000000000
11266.666666666667
4225.0000000000000000
0
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_pop
-----------------------
21704.000000000000
13868.750000000000
11266.666666666667
4225.0000000000000000
0
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_pop
-----------------------
21704.000000000000
13868.750000000000
11266.666666666667
4225.0000000000000000
0
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_samp
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_samp
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_samp
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
var_samp
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VARIANCE(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
variance
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VARIANCE(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
variance
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VARIANCE(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
variance
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT VARIANCE(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
variance
-----------------------
27130.000000000000
18491.666666666667
16900.000000000000
8450.0000000000000000
(5 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_pop
---------------------
147.322774885623
147.322774885623
117.765657133139
106.144555520604
65.0000000000000000
0
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_pop
---------------------
147.322774885623
147.322774885623
117.765657133139
106.144555520604
65.0000000000000000
0
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_pop
---------------------
147.322774885623
147.322774885623
117.765657133139
106.144555520604
65.0000000000000000
0
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_pop
---------------------
147.322774885623
147.322774885623
117.765657133139
106.144555520604
65.0000000000000000
0
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_samp
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_samp
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_samp
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
stddev_samp
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
stddev
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
stddev
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
stddev
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
SELECT STDDEV(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
stddev
---------------------
164.711869639076
164.711869639076
135.984067694222
130.000000000000
91.9238815542511782
(6 rows)
-- test that inverse transition functions work with various frame options
SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 1
2 | 2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3
2 | 2
3 |
4 |
(4 rows)
SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING)
FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)) t(i,v);
i | sum
---+-----
1 | 3
2 | 6
3 | 9
4 | 7
(4 rows)
-- ensure aggregate over numeric properly recovers from NaN values
SELECT a, b,
SUM(b) OVER(ORDER BY A ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
FROM (VALUES(1,1::numeric),(2,2),(3,'NaN'),(4,3),(5,4)) t(a,b);
a | b | sum
---+-----+-----
1 | 1 | 1
2 | 2 | 3
3 | NaN | NaN
4 | 3 | NaN
5 | 4 | 7
(5 rows)
-- It might be tempting for someone to add an inverse trans function for
-- float and double precision. This should not be done as it can give incorrect
-- results. This test should fail if anyone ever does this without thinking too
-- hard about it.
SELECT to_char(SUM(n::float8) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING),'999999999999999999999D9')
FROM (VALUES(1,1e20),(2,1)) n(i,n);
to_char
--------------------------
100000000000000000000
1.0
(2 rows)
SELECT i, b, bool_and(b) OVER w, bool_or(b) OVER w
FROM (VALUES (1,true), (2,true), (3,false), (4,false), (5,true)) v(i,b)
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING);
i | b | bool_and | bool_or
---+---+----------+---------
1 | t | t | t
2 | t | f | t
3 | f | f | f
4 | f | f | t
5 | t | t | t
(5 rows)
-- Tests for problems with failure to walk or mutate expressions
-- within window frame clauses.
-- test walker (fails with collation error if expressions are not walked)
SELECT array_agg(i) OVER w
FROM generate_series(1,5) i
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN (('foo' < 'foobar')::integer) PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW);
array_agg
-----------
{1}
{1,2}
{2,3}
{3,4}
{4,5}
(5 rows)
-- test mutator (fails when inlined if expressions are not mutated)
CREATE FUNCTION pg_temp.f(group_size BIGINT) RETURNS SETOF integer[]
AS $$
SELECT array_agg(s) OVER w
FROM generate_series(1,5) s
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY s ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND GROUP_SIZE FOLLOWING)
$$ LANGUAGE SQL STABLE;
EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------
Subquery Scan on f
-> WindowAgg
-> Sort
Sort Key: s.s
-> Function Scan on generate_series s
(5 rows)
SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
f
---------
{1,2,3}
{2,3,4}
{3,4,5}
{4,5}
{5}
(5 rows)
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