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By default VACUUM will skip pages that it can't immediately get exclusive access to, which means that even activities as harmless and unpredictable as checkpoint buffer writes might prevent a page from being processed. Ordinarily this is no big deal, but we have a small number of test cases that examine the results of VACUUM's processing and therefore will fail if the page of interest is skipped. This seems to be the explanation for some rare buildfarm failures. To fix, add the DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING option to the VACUUM commands in tests where this could be an issue. In passing, remove a duplicated query in pageinspect/sql/page.sql. Back-patch as necessary (some of these cases are as old as v10). Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/413923.1611006484@sss.pgh.pa.us
The PostgreSQL contrib tree --------------------------- This subtree contains porting tools, analysis utilities, and plug-in features that are not part of the core PostgreSQL system, mainly because they address a limited audience or are too experimental to be part of the main source tree. This does not preclude their usefulness. User documentation for each module appears in the main SGML documentation. When building from the source distribution, these modules are not built automatically, unless you build the "world" target. You can also build and install them all by running "make all" and "make install" in this directory; or to build and install just one selected module, do the same in that module's subdirectory. Some directories supply new user-defined functions, operators, or types. To make use of one of these modules, after you have installed the code you need to register the new SQL objects in the database system by executing a CREATE EXTENSION command. In a fresh database, you can simply do CREATE EXTENSION module_name; See the PostgreSQL documentation for more information about this procedure.