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From kleptog@svana.org Thu Nov 17 07:33:25 2005
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id 1Eciwk-0007Gd-00; Thu, 17 Nov 2005 23:32:58 +1100
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Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 13:32:57 +0100
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From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
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To: Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>
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cc: Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
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||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
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Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
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Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
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"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
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Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
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Message-ID: <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org>
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Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de>
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On Thu, Nov 17, 2005 at 12:52:53PM +0100, Csaba Nagy wrote:
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> Yes, these algorithms are clear to me, but they don't work for batch
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> updates in postgres without savepoints before each row insert/update,
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> which is not good for performance (not to mention on older postgres
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> versions without savepoint support it won't work at all). If there is a
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> way of no race condition, no performance penalty, that would be
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> something new and useful. I just guess the MERGE would provide that.
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Well, then you guess wrong. This isn't what MERGE is for. MERGE is just
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a neat way of specifying the UPDATE and INSERT cases in the same
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statement. It doesn't remove the possibility duplicate inserts and thus
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primary key violations.
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If someone wants to make extensions to MERGE so that it can avoid the
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race condition and avoid the duplicate key violations, that's fine. But
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be aware that this is outside of the spec. It may be a useful addition,
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but perhaps we should consider MERGE and REPLACE as completely seperate
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targets.
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MERGE has a whole join construction with subqueries that would be a
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pain to make work in a way that is truly serialisable. REPLACE deals
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with only one row and tries to solve the race for that case only. Much
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easier to consider them seperately, no?
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I guess what's really irritating is that this clearly exposes the case
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listed in the docs as "Why SERIALIZABLE isn't in all cases". If we
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could solve that for MERGE, we could probably solve it in the general
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case too.
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Have a nice day,
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--=20
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Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
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> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
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> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
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> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76186@postgresql.org Thu Nov 17 09:44:46 2005
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Thu, 17 Nov 2005 09:41:11 -0500 (EST)
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To: Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>
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cc: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
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Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
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Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
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"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
In-Reply-To: <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de>
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de>
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Comments: In-reply-to Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>
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message dated "Thu, 17 Nov 2005 13:44:35 +0100"
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Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 09:41:10 -0500
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Message-ID: <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com> writes:
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> OK, in this case I don't care about either MERGE or REPLACE, but for an
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> UPSERT which does the locking :-)
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This is exactly the point --- pretty much nobody has come to us and
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asked for a feature that does what Peter and Martijn say MERGE does.
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(I haven't bothered to look at the 2003 spec, I'm assuming they read it
|
||
correctly.) What we *have* been asked for, over and over, is an
|
||
insert-or-update feature that's not so tedious and inefficient as the
|
||
savepoint-insert-rollback-update kluge. That's what we ought to be
|
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concentrating on providing.
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regards, tom lane
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---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 3: Have you checked our extensive FAQ?
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http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76189@postgresql.org Thu Nov 17 10:17:57 2005
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id EDB5717AD6; Thu, 17 Nov 2005 10:15:30 -0500 (EST)
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Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 10:15:30 -0500
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From: Stephen Frost <sfrost@snowman.net>
|
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To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
cc: Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
||
Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Message-ID: <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net>
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Mail-Followup-To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
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Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
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Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
||
Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org,
|
||
Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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* Tom Lane (tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us) wrote:
|
||
> This is exactly the point --- pretty much nobody has come to us and
|
||
> asked for a feature that does what Peter and Martijn say MERGE does.
|
||
> (I haven't bothered to look at the 2003 spec, I'm assuming they read it
|
||
> correctly.) What we *have* been asked for, over and over, is an
|
||
> insert-or-update feature that's not so tedious and inefficient as the
|
||
> savepoint-insert-rollback-update kluge. That's what we ought to be
|
||
> concentrating on providing.
|
||
|
||
I guess to be clear on what this distinction actually is, specifically:
|
||
MERGE under SQL2003 doesn't appear to be intended to be used
|
||
concurrently. For data warehousing situations this can be just fine
|
||
such as in my case where I get a monthly update of some information and
|
||
need to merge that update in with the prior information. In this case
|
||
there's only one MERGE running and I'd hope it'd be faster than doing
|
||
check for existance, insert/update on each row in plpgsql or something
|
||
(since there'd be multiple index lookups, etc, I think). Concurrent
|
||
MERGEs running *can* fail, just like whole transactions which do the
|
||
check/insert/update can fail.
|
||
|
||
REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE appears to essentially be a
|
||
transaction which is supposed to not fail but instead do locking to
|
||
ensure that it doesn't fail. This requires predicate locking to be
|
||
efficient because you want to tell the concurrent transaction "if you
|
||
have the same key as me, just wait a second and you can do an update
|
||
'cause I'm going to create the key if it doesn't exist before I'm done".
|
||
|
||
I think REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE is definitely harder to do
|
||
than MERGE because of the idea that it isn't supposed to fail generally.
|
||
I think SQL2003 MERGE would be reasonably easy to do and to get the
|
||
efficiency benefits out of it (assuming there are some to be had in the
|
||
end). =20
|
||
|
||
I don't think MERGE can really be made to be both though, in which case
|
||
it should really be the SQL2003 MERGE and we can make REPLACE/INSERT ON
|
||
DUPLICATE UPDATE something else. Perhaps a special form of MERGE where
|
||
you know it's going to be doing that locking. I really don't like the
|
||
idea of making the SQL2003 version of MERGE be the MERGE special case
|
||
(by requiring someone to take a table lock ahead of time or do something
|
||
else odd).
|
||
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
|
||
Stephen
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id EDB5717AD6; Thu, 17 Nov 2005 10:15:30 -0500 (EST)
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Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 10:15:30 -0500
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From: Stephen Frost <sfrost@snowman.net>
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To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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cc: Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
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||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
||
Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Message-ID: <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net>
|
||
Mail-Followup-To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
|
||
Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>,
|
||
Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
||
Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org,
|
||
Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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In-Reply-To: <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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X-Uptime: 10:01:46 up 159 days, 7:15, 2 users, load average: 0.31, 0.23, 0.13
|
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User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.9i
|
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Status: OR
|
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|
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|
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--aAYbr14jHAy2Yyau
|
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
|
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Content-Disposition: inline
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
|
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|
||
* Tom Lane (tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us) wrote:
|
||
> This is exactly the point --- pretty much nobody has come to us and
|
||
> asked for a feature that does what Peter and Martijn say MERGE does.
|
||
> (I haven't bothered to look at the 2003 spec, I'm assuming they read it
|
||
> correctly.) What we *have* been asked for, over and over, is an
|
||
> insert-or-update feature that's not so tedious and inefficient as the
|
||
> savepoint-insert-rollback-update kluge. That's what we ought to be
|
||
> concentrating on providing.
|
||
|
||
I guess to be clear on what this distinction actually is, specifically:
|
||
MERGE under SQL2003 doesn't appear to be intended to be used
|
||
concurrently. For data warehousing situations this can be just fine
|
||
such as in my case where I get a monthly update of some information and
|
||
need to merge that update in with the prior information. In this case
|
||
there's only one MERGE running and I'd hope it'd be faster than doing
|
||
check for existance, insert/update on each row in plpgsql or something
|
||
(since there'd be multiple index lookups, etc, I think). Concurrent
|
||
MERGEs running *can* fail, just like whole transactions which do the
|
||
check/insert/update can fail.
|
||
|
||
REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE appears to essentially be a
|
||
transaction which is supposed to not fail but instead do locking to
|
||
ensure that it doesn't fail. This requires predicate locking to be
|
||
efficient because you want to tell the concurrent transaction "if you
|
||
have the same key as me, just wait a second and you can do an update
|
||
'cause I'm going to create the key if it doesn't exist before I'm done".
|
||
|
||
I think REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE is definitely harder to do
|
||
than MERGE because of the idea that it isn't supposed to fail generally.
|
||
I think SQL2003 MERGE would be reasonably easy to do and to get the
|
||
efficiency benefits out of it (assuming there are some to be had in the
|
||
end). =20
|
||
|
||
I don't think MERGE can really be made to be both though, in which case
|
||
it should really be the SQL2003 MERGE and we can make REPLACE/INSERT ON
|
||
DUPLICATE UPDATE something else. Perhaps a special form of MERGE where
|
||
you know it's going to be doing that locking. I really don't like the
|
||
idea of making the SQL2003 version of MERGE be the MERGE special case
|
||
(by requiring someone to take a table lock ahead of time or do something
|
||
else odd).
|
||
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
|
||
Stephen
|
||
|
||
--aAYbr14jHAy2Yyau
|
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--aAYbr14jHAy2Yyau--
|
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|
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76234@postgresql.org Thu Nov 17 22:19:04 2005
|
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From: Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
Message-ID: <200511180311.jAI3BXS10887@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
In-Reply-To: <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 22:11:33 -0500 (EST)
|
||
cc: Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
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Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
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Status: OR
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|
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Tom Lane wrote:
|
||
> Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com> writes:
|
||
> > OK, in this case I don't care about either MERGE or REPLACE, but for an
|
||
> > UPSERT which does the locking :-)
|
||
>
|
||
> This is exactly the point --- pretty much nobody has come to us and
|
||
> asked for a feature that does what Peter and Martijn say MERGE does.
|
||
> (I haven't bothered to look at the 2003 spec, I'm assuming they read it
|
||
> correctly.) What we *have* been asked for, over and over, is an
|
||
> insert-or-update feature that's not so tedious and inefficient as the
|
||
> savepoint-insert-rollback-update kluge. That's what we ought to be
|
||
> concentrating on providing.
|
||
|
||
I am confused over the various options. I have heard these syntaxes:
|
||
|
||
SQL2003 MERGE
|
||
MySQL REPLACE
|
||
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/replace.html
|
||
MySQL INSERT VIOLATION ...
|
||
UPSERT
|
||
|
||
So it seems MERGE does not have the use-case we most need, though it can
|
||
be bent to do it. (Given their MATCH syntax, it doesn't seem there is
|
||
any logic that it tries INSERT first).
|
||
|
||
Looking at the MySQL URL above, REPLACE has three possible syntaxes with
|
||
normal (DELETE), SET (UPDATE), and SELECT. Is this the direction we
|
||
need to go? I don't like INSERT ... VIOLATION because I would like a
|
||
new keyword for this. Is UPSERT the same as REPLACE? Should we use
|
||
UPSERT instead?
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
Bruce Momjian | http://candle.pha.pa.us
|
||
pgman@candle.pha.pa.us | (610) 359-1001
|
||
+ If your life is a hard drive, | 13 Roberts Road
|
||
+ Christ can be your backup. | Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
|
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TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?
|
||
|
||
http://archives.postgresql.org
|
||
|
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From DCorbit@connx.com Thu Nov 17 22:43:54 2005
|
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Return-path: <DCorbit@connx.com>
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Received: from postal.corporate.connx.com (postal.corporate.connx.com [65.212.159.187])
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Subject: RE: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 19:43:43 -0800
|
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Message-ID: <D425483C2C5C9F49B5B7A41F8944154757D2EB@postal.corporate.connx.com>
|
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Thread-Topic: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
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Thread-Index: AcXr7dUIILx3WyhrREu/dEAzLwToBgABFVZw
|
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From: "Dann Corbit" <DCorbit@connx.com>
|
||
To: "Bruce Momjian" <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>, "Tom Lane" <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
cc: "Csaba Nagy" <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
"Martijn van Oosterhout" <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
"Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD" <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
"Simon Riggs" <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
"Rick Gigger" <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
"Christopher Kings-Lynne" <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
||
<pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>, "Jaime Casanova" <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
"Peter Eisentraut" <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Status: OR
|
||
|
||
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
|
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|
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C5EBF2.45ACB7DC
|
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Content-Type: text/plain;
|
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charset="us-ascii"
|
||
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
|
||
|
||
Attached web page is an extract from the SQL Standards working committee
|
||
document on MERGE
|
||
|
||
> -----Original Message-----
|
||
> From: Bruce Momjian [mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us]
|
||
> Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 7:12 PM
|
||
> To: Tom Lane
|
||
> Cc: Csaba Nagy; Martijn van Oosterhout; Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD;
|
||
Dann
|
||
> Corbit; Simon Riggs; Rick Gigger; Christopher Kings-Lynne; Jim C.
|
||
Nasby;
|
||
> josh@agliodbs.com; pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org; Jaime Casanova; Peter
|
||
> Eisentraut
|
||
> Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
>=20
|
||
> Tom Lane wrote:
|
||
> > Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com> writes:
|
||
> > > OK, in this case I don't care about either MERGE or REPLACE, but
|
||
for
|
||
> an
|
||
> > > UPSERT which does the locking :-)
|
||
> >
|
||
> > This is exactly the point --- pretty much nobody has come to us and
|
||
> > asked for a feature that does what Peter and Martijn say MERGE does.
|
||
> > (I haven't bothered to look at the 2003 spec, I'm assuming they read
|
||
it
|
||
> > correctly.) What we *have* been asked for, over and over, is an
|
||
> > insert-or-update feature that's not so tedious and inefficient as
|
||
the
|
||
> > savepoint-insert-rollback-update kluge. That's what we ought to be
|
||
> > concentrating on providing.
|
||
>=20
|
||
> I am confused over the various options. I have heard these syntaxes:
|
||
>=20
|
||
> SQL2003 MERGE
|
||
> MySQL REPLACE
|
||
> http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/replace.html
|
||
> MySQL INSERT VIOLATION ...
|
||
> UPSERT
|
||
>=20
|
||
> So it seems MERGE does not have the use-case we most need, though it
|
||
can
|
||
> be bent to do it. (Given their MATCH syntax, it doesn't seem there is
|
||
> any logic that it tries INSERT first).
|
||
>=20
|
||
> Looking at the MySQL URL above, REPLACE has three possible syntaxes
|
||
with
|
||
> normal (DELETE), SET (UPDATE), and SELECT. Is this the direction we
|
||
> need to go? I don't like INSERT ... VIOLATION because I would like a
|
||
> new keyword for this. Is UPSERT the same as REPLACE? Should we use
|
||
> UPSERT instead?
|
||
>=20
|
||
> --
|
||
> Bruce Momjian | http://candle.pha.pa.us
|
||
> pgman@candle.pha.pa.us | (610) 359-1001
|
||
> + If your life is a hard drive, | 13 Roberts Road
|
||
> + Christ can be your backup. | Newtown Square, Pennsylvania
|
||
> 19073
|
||
|
||
------_=_NextPart_001_01C5EBF2.45ACB7DC
|
||
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|
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name="merge.htm"
|
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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Content-Description: merge.htm
|
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Content-Disposition: attachment;
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filename="merge.htm"
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C5EBF2.45ACB7DC--
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76240@postgresql.org Fri Nov 18 00:37:18 2005
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Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2005 05:57:05 +0100 (CET)
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From: Dennis Bjorklund <db@zigo.dhs.org>
|
||
To: Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
cc: Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>, Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>,
|
||
Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
|
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Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
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"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
||
<pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
In-Reply-To: <200511180218.jAI2IPF04976@candle.pha.pa.us>
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Status: ORr
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|
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On Thu, 17 Nov 2005, Bruce Momjian wrote:
|
||
|
||
> Unless you have a table lock, INSERT has to be before UPDATE, think
|
||
> UPDATE, UPDATE (both fail), INSERT, INSERT.
|
||
|
||
No matter what operation you start with you need a loop that try
|
||
insert/update until one of them succeed like in this example:
|
||
|
||
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-UPSERT-EXAMPLE
|
||
|
||
Without a loop you might not get to execute neither the insert nor the
|
||
update. Why? Think about this example:
|
||
|
||
BEGIN
|
||
|
||
INSERT <- fail because there is a row already
|
||
|
||
<- before we manage to do the update someone
|
||
delete the row (which we can see in the
|
||
default transaction isolation level)
|
||
|
||
UPDATE <- fail because there is no row so we will loop
|
||
and try the insert again
|
||
|
||
<- before we manage to do the insert someone else does
|
||
an insert
|
||
|
||
INSERT <- fail because there is a row already
|
||
|
||
<- before we manage to do the update someone
|
||
delete the row
|
||
....
|
||
|
||
|
||
You might need to loop any number of times before you manage to perform
|
||
one of the two operations. Which operation you should start with depends
|
||
on which of the two cases is the common one.
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
/Dennis Bj<42>rklund
|
||
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?
|
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|
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http://archives.postgresql.org
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|
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From ZeugswetterA@spardat.at Fri Nov 18 05:32:16 2005
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Return-path: <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>
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Thread-Topic: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
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Thread-Index: AcXr5pYcJO3ZR4d/RwebJDquaJx6SQARC+uA
|
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From: "Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD" <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>
|
||
To: "Bruce Momjian" <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
cc: "Csaba Nagy" <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
"Martijn van Oosterhout" <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
||
"Dann Corbit" <DCorbit@connx.com>, "Simon Riggs" <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
||
"Rick Gigger" <rick@alpinenetworking.com>, "Tom Lane" <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
|
||
"Christopher Kings-Lynne" <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
||
<pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>, "Jaime Casanova" <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
"Peter Eisentraut" <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
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Status: OR
|
||
|
||
|
||
> Unless you have a table lock, INSERT has to be before UPDATE, think
|
||
UPDATE, UPDATE (both fail), INSERT, INSERT.
|
||
|
||
> > update
|
||
> > if no rows updated
|
||
> > insert
|
||
> > if duplicate key
|
||
> > update
|
||
> > if no rows updated goto insert
|
||
|
||
That is why you have the loop. This is not a problem with above code,
|
||
because only one insert succeeds
|
||
while the others then do the update.
|
||
|
||
Andreas
|
||
|
||
From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76266@postgresql.org Fri Nov 18 13:23:17 2005
|
||
Return-path: <pgsql-hackers-owner+M76266@postgresql.org>
|
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|
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To: Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
cc: Dennis Bjorklund <db@zigo.dhs.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
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Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>, Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>,
|
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|
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
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|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
In-Reply-To: <200511181520.jAIFKpW02114@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
References: <200511181520.jAIFKpW02114@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
Comments: In-reply-to Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
message dated "Fri, 18 Nov 2005 10:20:51 -0500"
|
||
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2005 10:34:35 -0500
|
||
Message-ID: <6410.1132328075@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
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Status: ORr
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|
||
Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
|
||
> Oh, good point. I was thinking just about concurrent MERGEs. However,
|
||
> it is more complicated than that. By definitaion you can not see
|
||
> changes from other transactions while your statement is being run (even
|
||
> if you increment CommandCounter), so to be atomic, you would still see
|
||
> the row even though some other transaction had deleted it.
|
||
|
||
We would have to use the same semantics we use now for read-committed
|
||
UPDATE, that is look at the latest version of the row even though this
|
||
would not normally be visible to the transaction's snapshot.
|
||
|
||
In the case of a serializable transaction, no doubt we should fail if
|
||
any concurrent change actually happens.
|
||
|
||
regards, tom lane
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
|
||
TIP 9: In versions below 8.0, the planner will ignore your desire to
|
||
choose an index scan if your joining column's datatypes do not
|
||
match
|
||
|
||
From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76315@postgresql.org Sun Nov 20 12:35:46 2005
|
||
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|
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From: Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
Message-ID: <200511201726.jAKHQI007897@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
In-Reply-To: <6410.1132328075@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
|
||
Date: Sun, 20 Nov 2005 12:26:18 -0500 (EST)
|
||
cc: Dennis Bjorklund <db@zigo.dhs.org>,
|
||
Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
||
Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
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Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>, Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>,
|
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Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
|
||
Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>, josh@agliodbs.com,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
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Status: OR
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Tom Lane wrote:
|
||
> Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
|
||
> > Oh, good point. I was thinking just about concurrent MERGEs. However,
|
||
> > it is more complicated than that. By definitaion you can not see
|
||
> > changes from other transactions while your statement is being run (even
|
||
> > if you increment CommandCounter), so to be atomic, you would still see
|
||
> > the row even though some other transaction had deleted it.
|
||
>
|
||
> We would have to use the same semantics we use now for read-committed
|
||
> UPDATE, that is look at the latest version of the row even though this
|
||
> would not normally be visible to the transaction's snapshot.
|
||
>
|
||
> In the case of a serializable transaction, no doubt we should fail if
|
||
> any concurrent change actually happens.
|
||
|
||
I have some psaudocode to explain what we want for this feature,
|
||
whatever syntax we choose:
|
||
|
||
Start
|
||
Check unique index
|
||
Found
|
||
lock row for update
|
||
if zero rows, return to start
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||
if more than one row, fail
|
||
update row
|
||
Notfound
|
||
create savepoint
|
||
insert row into heap
|
||
lock index page
|
||
if conflicting index entry, abort savepoint, return to start
|
||
add index entry
|
||
unlock index page
|
||
|
||
While the "notfound" case might look strange, we actually use this exact
|
||
method for inserts now, see ExecInsert() and _bt_doinsert().
|
||
Particularly see this comment in the second function:
|
||
|
||
/*
|
||
* If we're not allowing duplicates, make sure the key isn't already in
|
||
* the index.
|
||
*
|
||
* NOTE: obviously,_bt_check_unique can only detect keys that are already in
|
||
* the index; so it cannot defend against concurrent insertions of the
|
||
* same key. We protect against that by means of holding a write lock on
|
||
* the target page. Any other would-be inserter of the same key must
|
||
* acquire a write lock on the same target page, so only one would-be
|
||
* inserter can be making the check at one time. Furthermore, once we are
|
||
* past the check we hold write locks continuously until we have performed
|
||
* our insertion, so no later inserter can fail to see our insertion.
|
||
* (This requires some care in _bt_insertonpg.)
|
||
*
|
||
* If we must wait for another xact, we release the lock while waiting, and
|
||
* then must start over completely.
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
Here is the unique check error from _bt_check_unique():
|
||
|
||
ereport(ERROR,
|
||
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNIQUE_VIOLATION),
|
||
errmsg("duplicate key violates unique constraint \"%s\"",
|
||
RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
|
||
|
||
I think the problem here is that it is going to longjump() back to
|
||
postgres.c (and out of your code loop). While we have savepoints, I
|
||
think they only work coming from client applications, rather than inside
|
||
our code. Ideally you would like to be able to say:
|
||
|
||
savepoint();
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||
func();
|
||
rollback_to_savepoint();
|
||
|
||
but you can't, so I think you are going to have to factor out that
|
||
unique error callback and return a failure code to the caller. I
|
||
suppose some boolean flag need to be added to _bt_doinsert(), but that
|
||
is called via a function pointer for the index type, so you are going to
|
||
have to update the insert function signatures for all access methods.
|
||
The good news is that only btree supports unique indexes, according to
|
||
the documentation ("Only B-tree currently supports unique indexes") so
|
||
for the other access methods the extra parameter is just ignored.
|
||
|
||
Another issue is multiple unique indexes. What if the first unique
|
||
index matches one row, but a different row matches the second unique
|
||
indexed column? Fail because unique checks do not identify exactly one
|
||
row?
|
||
|
||
Or the _new_ value for the second indexed column conflicts with the
|
||
second unique index. The MERGE/REPLACE should fail. The UPDATE block
|
||
will handle this on its own, but the INSERT block will need to check for
|
||
that an really error out, rather than return to the caller, so the loop
|
||
in ExecInsertIndexTuples() has to restart on unique failure _only_ on
|
||
the first index check, not the subsequent ones.
|
||
|
||
One simplification would be to allow MERGE/REPLACE only on a table that
|
||
has a single unique index.
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
Bruce Momjian | http://candle.pha.pa.us
|
||
pgman@candle.pha.pa.us | (610) 359-1001
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+ If your life is a hard drive, | 13 Roberts Road
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+ Christ can be your backup. | Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073
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TIP 9: In versions below 8.0, the planner will ignore your desire to
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76369@postgresql.org Mon Nov 21 16:49:26 2005
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id AD10B1525F; Mon, 21 Nov 2005 15:44:36 -0600 (CST)
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Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2005 15:44:36 -0600
|
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From: "Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>
|
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To: Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
|
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cc: mark@mark.mielke.cc, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>,
|
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Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
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Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
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Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
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Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
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Rick Gigger <rick@alpinenetworking.com>,
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Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>, josh@agliodbs.com,
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
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Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Message-ID: <20051121214436.GL19279@pervasive.com>
|
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References: <20051117173117.GA27563@mark.mielke.cc> <200511180230.jAI2Uh406548@candle.pha.pa.us>
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Status: OR
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On Thu, Nov 17, 2005 at 09:30:43PM -0500, Bruce Momjian wrote:
|
||
> > Is the requirement for predicate locking, over and above a unique
|
||
> > constraint on an index that involves the record key, to deal with
|
||
> > the scenario of two inserts executing at the same time, both before
|
||
> > commit?
|
||
>
|
||
> No. If you have a primary key you can easily prevent duplicates. You
|
||
> need a table lock or predicate locking to prevent duplicates if you do
|
||
> not have a primary key.
|
||
|
||
AFAIK you can also accomplish this without a table lock as long as you
|
||
have a unique index on the right set of fields and those fields are also
|
||
NOT NULL. ISTM it would be good to support that case as well, since you
|
||
might want to MERGE based on something other than the PK.
|
||
--
|
||
Jim C. Nasby, Sr. Engineering Consultant jnasby@pervasive.com
|
||
Pervasive Software http://pervasive.com work: 512-231-6117
|
||
vcard: http://jim.nasby.net/pervasive.vcf cell: 512-569-9461
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---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 5: don't forget to increase your free space map settings
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From decibel@decibel.org Mon Nov 21 16:46:33 2005
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Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2005 15:46:30 -0600
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From: "Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>
|
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To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Csaba Nagy <nagy@ecircle-ag.com>,
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>,
|
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Zeugswetter Andreas DCP SD <ZeugswetterA@spardat.at>,
|
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Dann Corbit <DCorbit@connx.com>, Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>,
|
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Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>,
|
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|
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Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>, josh@agliodbs.com,
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
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Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Message-ID: <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com>
|
||
References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net>
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Status: OR
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|
||
On Thu, Nov 17, 2005 at 10:15:30AM -0500, Stephen Frost wrote:
|
||
> I don't think MERGE can really be made to be both though, in which case
|
||
> it should really be the SQL2003 MERGE and we can make REPLACE/INSERT ON
|
||
> DUPLICATE UPDATE something else. Perhaps a special form of MERGE where
|
||
> you know it's going to be doing that locking. I really don't like the
|
||
> idea of making the SQL2003 version of MERGE be the MERGE special case
|
||
> (by requiring someone to take a table lock ahead of time or do something
|
||
> else odd).
|
||
|
||
Anyone know off-hand what the big 3 do? If the industry consensus is
|
||
that merge should actually be REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE then
|
||
it's probably better to follow that lead.
|
||
--
|
||
Jim C. Nasby, Sr. Engineering Consultant jnasby@pervasive.com
|
||
Pervasive Software http://pervasive.com work: 512-231-6117
|
||
vcard: http://jim.nasby.net/pervasive.vcf cell: 512-569-9461
|
||
|
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76416@postgresql.org Mon Nov 21 22:20:45 2005
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cc: PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net> <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com>
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Status: OR
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||
Jim C. Nasby wrote:
|
||
> On Thu, Nov 17, 2005 at 10:15:30AM -0500, Stephen Frost wrote:
|
||
>
|
||
>>I don't think MERGE can really be made to be both though, in which case
|
||
>>it should really be the SQL2003 MERGE and we can make REPLACE/INSERT ON
|
||
>>DUPLICATE UPDATE something else. Perhaps a special form of MERGE where
|
||
>>you know it's going to be doing that locking. I really don't like the
|
||
>>idea of making the SQL2003 version of MERGE be the MERGE special case
|
||
>>(by requiring someone to take a table lock ahead of time or do something
|
||
>>else odd).
|
||
>
|
||
>
|
||
> Anyone know off-hand what the big 3 do? If the industry consensus is
|
||
> that merge should actually be REPLACE/INSERT ON DUPLICATE UPDATE then
|
||
> it's probably better to follow that lead.
|
||
|
||
It was already said here that oracle and db2 both use MERGE, dunno about
|
||
mssql.
|
||
|
||
And yes merge CAN be used to do REPLACE (oracle uses their dummy table
|
||
for this, we can use the fact that FROM clause isn't required in postgres).
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
Regards
|
||
Petr Jelinek (PJMODOS)
|
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76436@postgresql.org Tue Nov 22 05:58:26 2005
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Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2005 11:57:48 +0100
|
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From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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To: Petr Jelinek <pjmodos@seznam.cz>
|
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cc: "Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>,
|
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PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
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Message-ID: <20051122105747.GC12548@svana.org>
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Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net> <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com> <43828E6C.60406@seznam.cz>
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On Tue, Nov 22, 2005 at 04:20:12AM +0100, Petr Jelinek wrote:
|
||
> It was already said here that oracle and db2 both use MERGE, dunno about=
|
||
=20
|
||
> mssql.
|
||
>=20
|
||
> And yes merge CAN be used to do REPLACE (oracle uses their dummy table=20
|
||
> for this, we can use the fact that FROM clause isn't required in postgres=
|
||
).
|
||
|
||
Statements about MERGE on the web:
|
||
|
||
http://www.dba-oracle.com/oracle_tips_rittman_merge.htm
|
||
http://databasejournal.com/features/db2/article.php/3322041
|
||
http://certcities.com/editorial/columns/story.asp?EditorialsID=3D51
|
||
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/ids9help/index.jsp?topic=3D/com.ib=
|
||
m.sqls.doc/sqls578.htm
|
||
http://www.jdixon.dotnetdevelopersjournal.com/i_want_my_sql_2005_merge_stat=
|
||
ement.htm
|
||
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2help/topic/com.ibm.db2.udb.doc/=
|
||
admin/r0010873.htm
|
||
http://expertanswercenter.techtarget.com/eac/knowledgebaseAnswer/0,295199,s=
|
||
id63_gci978700,00.html
|
||
|
||
Not one (*not one!*) of these mentions any special handling of
|
||
duplicate keys. They even go to pains to say that any errors cause
|
||
everything to rollback. The last one is especially interesting:
|
||
|
||
: Is there any way to capture errors from a MERGE statement? Also, is
|
||
: there any way to know how many records were inserted or updated for the
|
||
: MERGE statement like SQL%ROWCOUNT? Any assistance greatly appreciated.=20
|
||
:
|
||
: You capture errors the same way you would if you were doing regular
|
||
: INSERT and UPDATE statements....with exception handlers. Just include a
|
||
: WHEN OTHERS exception handler in the block where your MERGE statement
|
||
: is and have to display SQLCODE and SQLERRM if an error occurs. Then you
|
||
: can figure out which specific errors are occurring and create
|
||
: individual exception handlers for those.=20
|
||
|
||
There are even places that tell you how to decompose your MERGE into an
|
||
INSERT plus UPDATE statement. The real advantage of MERGE is that the
|
||
semantics prevent your updating a row you just inserted, which is
|
||
harder in the general case but easy if the executor is handling the
|
||
rows one at a time.
|
||
|
||
Rather than trying to make MERGE do something it wasn't designed for,
|
||
we should probably be spending our efforts on triggers for error
|
||
conditions. Maybe something like:
|
||
|
||
CREATE TRIGGER foo AFTER ERROR ON bar EXECUTE baz();
|
||
|
||
Where baz would be passed NEW and OLD just like a normal trigger and if
|
||
the trigger return NULL, the update is ignored. In the meantime the
|
||
function can divert the insert to another table if it likes. This seems
|
||
like a much more workable and useful addition.
|
||
|
||
Have a nice day,
|
||
--=20
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
|
||
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
|
||
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
|
||
> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
|
||
|
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Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2005 14:30:45 -0600
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From: "Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>
|
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To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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cc: Petr Jelinek <pjmodos@seznam.cz>,
|
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PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
|
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
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Message-ID: <20051122203045.GC99429@pervasive.com>
|
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net> <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com> <43828E6C.60406@seznam.cz> <20051122105747.GC12548@svana.org>
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Status: OR
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On Tue, Nov 22, 2005 at 11:57:48AM +0100, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
|
||
<excellent research snipped>
|
||
|
||
> Rather than trying to make MERGE do something it wasn't designed for,
|
||
> we should probably be spending our efforts on triggers for error
|
||
> conditions. Maybe something like:
|
||
>
|
||
> CREATE TRIGGER foo AFTER ERROR ON bar EXECUTE baz();
|
||
>
|
||
> Where baz would be passed NEW and OLD just like a normal trigger and if
|
||
> the trigger return NULL, the update is ignored. In the meantime the
|
||
> function can divert the insert to another table if it likes. This seems
|
||
> like a much more workable and useful addition.
|
||
|
||
I agree that we shouldn't try and distort MERGE into something fancy.
|
||
The AFTER ERROR trigger is a very interesting idea, since it could
|
||
handle many different cases. But I'm worried that people might not want
|
||
that behavior on by default for everything done against some table. I
|
||
think it'd be better to have some way to specify in a command that
|
||
you want to use some kind of error-handling trigger. Though presumably
|
||
the underlying framework would be same, so it shouldn't be hard to
|
||
support both.
|
||
--
|
||
Jim C. Nasby, Sr. Engineering Consultant jnasby@pervasive.com
|
||
Pervasive Software http://pervasive.com work: 512-231-6117
|
||
vcard: http://jim.nasby.net/pervasive.vcf cell: 512-569-9461
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?
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http://archives.postgresql.org
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id 1Eeqd7-0002FD-00; Wed, 23 Nov 2005 20:09:29 +1100
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Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2005 10:09:29 +0100
|
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From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
To: Petr Jelinek <pjmodos@seznam.cz>
|
||
cc: Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>,
|
||
PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>,
|
||
"Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@pervasive.com>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
Message-ID: <20051123090926.GA8374@svana.org>
|
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Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net> <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com> <43828E6C.60406@seznam.cz> <c2d9e70e0511212307p2cd340fer113de21002be1e94@mail.gmail.com> <4383A8A8.30805@seznam.cz>
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On Wed, Nov 23, 2005 at 12:24:24AM +0100, Petr Jelinek wrote:
|
||
> Btw about that keys, oracle gives error on many-to-one or many-to-many=20
|
||
> relationship between the source and target tables.
|
||
|
||
The standard has something called a "cardinality violation" if the
|
||
to-be-merged table doesn't match 1-1 with the rest of the statement. If
|
||
I had access to an Oracle I'd run two tests on MERGE:
|
||
|
||
1. Does the joining column have to have an index? For example, make a
|
||
column that's full of unique values but no unique index. According to
|
||
my reading of the the standard, this should still work (just slower).
|
||
|
||
2. Additionally, only the rows involved in the MERGE need to be
|
||
uniquely referenced, so if you add duplicate values but add a WHERE
|
||
clause to exclude those, it should also work.
|
||
|
||
My feeling is that requiring an index will limit it's usefulness as a
|
||
general tool.
|
||
|
||
Have a nice day,
|
||
--=20
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
|
||
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
|
||
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
|
||
> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
|
||
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Message-ID: <4384BA5F.4080402@sysmaster.com>
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Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2005 10:52:15 -0800
|
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From: Lyubomir Petrov <lpetrov@sysmaster.com>
|
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To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
cc: PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] MERGE vs REPLACE
|
||
References: <E1539E0ED7043848906A8FF995BDA5799A524D@m0143.s-mxs.net> <1132228373.10890.313.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <20051117123250.GC22933@svana.org> <1132231474.10890.317.camel@coppola.muc.ecircle.de> <25849.1132238470@sss.pgh.pa.us> <20051117151530.GU6026@ns.snowman.net> <20051121214630.GM19279@pervasive.com> <43828E6C.60406@seznam.cz> <c2d9e70e0511212307p2cd340fer113de21002be1e94@mail.gmail.com> <4383A8A8.30805@seznam.cz> <20051123090926.GA8374@svana.org>
|
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Status: OR
|
||
|
||
Martijn,
|
||
|
||
Here is a quick test (Oracle 10.1.0.3/Linux):
|
||
|
||
|
||
SQL> select banner from v$version;
|
||
BANNER
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Prod
|
||
PL/SQL Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Production
|
||
CORE 10.1.0.3.0 Production
|
||
TNS for Linux: Version 10.1.0.3.0 - Production
|
||
NLSRTL Version 10.1.0.3.0 - Production
|
||
|
||
SQL> select * from merge_test_1;
|
||
ID NAME
|
||
---------- --------------------
|
||
1 aaa
|
||
2 bbb
|
||
3 ccc
|
||
4 ddd
|
||
5 eee
|
||
1 xxx
|
||
6 rows selected.
|
||
|
||
SQL> select * from merge_test_2;
|
||
ID NAME
|
||
---------- --------------------
|
||
1 AAA
|
||
2 BBB
|
||
6 FFF
|
||
|
||
SQL> select index_name from user_indexes where table_name like
|
||
'merge_test%';
|
||
no rows selected
|
||
|
||
SQL> merge into merge_test_1 a1
|
||
2 using merge_test_2 a2
|
||
3 on (a1.id = a2.id)
|
||
4 when matched then
|
||
5 update set a1.name = a2.name
|
||
6 when not matched then
|
||
7 insert (id, name) values (a2.id, a2.name);
|
||
4 rows merged.
|
||
|
||
SQL> select * from merge_test_1;
|
||
ID NAME
|
||
---------- --------------------
|
||
1 AAA
|
||
2 BBB
|
||
3 ccc
|
||
4 ddd
|
||
5 eee
|
||
1 AAA
|
||
6 FFF
|
||
7 rows selected.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Regards,
|
||
Lubomir Petrov
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
|
||
> On Wed, Nov 23, 2005 at 12:24:24AM +0100, Petr Jelinek wrote:
|
||
>
|
||
>> Btw about that keys, oracle gives error on many-to-one or many-to-many
|
||
>> relationship between the source and target tables.
|
||
>>
|
||
>
|
||
> The standard has something called a "cardinality violation" if the
|
||
> to-be-merged table doesn't match 1-1 with the rest of the statement. If
|
||
> I had access to an Oracle I'd run two tests on MERGE:
|
||
>
|
||
> 1. Does the joining column have to have an index? For example, make a
|
||
> column that's full of unique values but no unique index. According to
|
||
> my reading of the the standard, this should still work (just slower).
|
||
>
|
||
> 2. Additionally, only the rows involved in the MERGE need to be
|
||
> uniquely referenced, so if you add duplicate values but add a WHERE
|
||
> clause to exclude those, it should also work.
|
||
>
|
||
> My feeling is that requiring an index will limit it's usefulness as a
|
||
> general tool.
|
||
>
|
||
> Have a nice day,
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
|
||
TIP 3: Have you checked our extensive FAQ?
|
||
|
||
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq
|
||
|
||
From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76513@postgresql.org Wed Nov 23 17:23:34 2005
|
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|
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Message-ID: <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com>
|
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Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2005 16:55:25 -0500
|
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From: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
|
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|
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cc: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>, pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org,
|
||
Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>, Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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Status: OR
|
||
|
||
On 11/11/2005 2:20 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
|
||
|
||
> Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net> writes:
|
||
>> Tom Lane wrote:
|
||
>>> Surely they require a unique constraint --- else the behavior isn't
|
||
>>> even well defined, is it?
|
||
>
|
||
>> They require that the merge condition does not match for more than one
|
||
>> row, but since the merge condition can do just about anything, there is
|
||
>> no guarantee that a unique constraint encompasses it.
|
||
>
|
||
> ISTM to be a reasonable implementation restriction that there be a
|
||
> constraint by which the system can prove that there is at most one
|
||
> matching row. Per other comments in this thread, we'd not be the only
|
||
> implementation making such a restriction.
|
||
>
|
||
> (Certainly, if I were a DBA and were told that the performance of MERGE
|
||
> would go to hell in a handbasket if I had no such constraint, I'd make
|
||
> sure there was one. I don't think there is very much of a use-case for
|
||
> the general scenario.)
|
||
|
||
Such restriction does look reasonable. Especially because ...
|
||
|
||
The largest problem I see with MERGE is the question of BEFORE triggers.
|
||
Consider a BEFORE INSERT trigger that modifies a third table, after
|
||
which the constraint or whatever post-heap_insert-attempt we might use
|
||
detects a conflict. How do we undo the actions of the BEFORE trigger?
|
||
The only way to do that is to plan the query as a nestloop, with the
|
||
USING part as the outer loop. If the (updating) scan of the INTO
|
||
relation did not hit any tuple, then do the INSERT. We can only undo the
|
||
side effects of any BEFORE trigger by wrapping each and evey nested INTO
|
||
relation insert attempt into its own subtransaction.
|
||
|
||
Sure, we "could" of course do the insert and then rescan the whole thing
|
||
with read-committed to see if our row is now the only one ... needless
|
||
to say that in the case of a sequential scan inside the loop, that
|
||
nestloop will suck big times even without that second scan. But ... hmmm
|
||
... we could get away with that and if we don't find a constraint that
|
||
will ensure uniqueness, then we do a rescan to check for it. But I would
|
||
vote for a "please_no_notice_about_stupid_usage_of_merge" runtime option
|
||
that suppresses the corresponding NOTICE.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Jan
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
#======================================================================#
|
||
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
|
||
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
|
||
#================================================== JanWieck@Yahoo.com #
|
||
|
||
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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||
TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?
|
||
|
||
http://archives.postgresql.org
|
||
|
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76524@postgresql.org Thu Nov 24 01:31:30 2005
|
||
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id 1EfAcw-0004xu-00; Thu, 24 Nov 2005 17:30:38 +1100
|
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Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2005 07:30:37 +0100
|
||
From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
To: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
|
||
cc: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
||
Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
Message-ID: <20051124063034.GA18750@svana.org>
|
||
Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us> <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com>
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On Wed, Nov 23, 2005 at 04:55:25PM -0500, Jan Wieck wrote:
|
||
> The largest problem I see with MERGE is the question of BEFORE triggers.=
|
||
=20
|
||
> Consider a BEFORE INSERT trigger that modifies a third table, after=20
|
||
> which the constraint or whatever post-heap_insert-attempt we might use=20
|
||
> detects a conflict. How do we undo the actions of the BEFORE trigger?=20
|
||
> The only way to do that is to plan the query as a nestloop, with the=20
|
||
> USING part as the outer loop. If the (updating) scan of the INTO=20
|
||
> relation did not hit any tuple, then do the INSERT. We can only undo the=
|
||
=20
|
||
> side effects of any BEFORE trigger by wrapping each and evey nested INTO=
|
||
=20
|
||
> relation insert attempt into its own subtransaction.
|
||
|
||
Umm, if there are any errors you abort the transaction, just like any
|
||
other case. ACID requires that either the whole statement is done, or
|
||
none. If a trigger causes the INSERT or UPDATE to fail you have no
|
||
choice but to abort the transaction.
|
||
|
||
Besides, someone posted an example on Oracle, they don't require an
|
||
index so I don't think we realistically can say that people need one.
|
||
If two concurrent MERGEs, which can't see eachothers output, both end
|
||
up INSERTing, that not an error unless the user has a UNIQUE
|
||
constraint, so the problem vanishes.
|
||
|
||
Have a nice day,
|
||
--=20
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
|
||
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
|
||
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
|
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> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
|
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Message-ID: <4385E636.4070503@Yahoo.com>
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Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2005 11:11:34 -0500
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From: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
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To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
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cc: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>,
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>,
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Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us> <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com> <20051124063034.GA18750@svana.org>
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On 11/24/2005 1:30 AM, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
|
||
|
||
> On Wed, Nov 23, 2005 at 04:55:25PM -0500, Jan Wieck wrote:
|
||
>> The largest problem I see with MERGE is the question of BEFORE triggers.
|
||
>> Consider a BEFORE INSERT trigger that modifies a third table, after
|
||
>> which the constraint or whatever post-heap_insert-attempt we might use
|
||
>> detects a conflict. How do we undo the actions of the BEFORE trigger?
|
||
>> The only way to do that is to plan the query as a nestloop, with the
|
||
>> USING part as the outer loop. If the (updating) scan of the INTO
|
||
>> relation did not hit any tuple, then do the INSERT. We can only undo the
|
||
>> side effects of any BEFORE trigger by wrapping each and evey nested INTO
|
||
>> relation insert attempt into its own subtransaction.
|
||
>
|
||
> Umm, if there are any errors you abort the transaction, just like any
|
||
> other case. ACID requires that either the whole statement is done, or
|
||
> none. If a trigger causes the INSERT or UPDATE to fail you have no
|
||
> choice but to abort the transaction.
|
||
|
||
I guess you misunderstood. What I am talking about is a problem in the
|
||
order of execution. since we don't have predicate locking, there is a
|
||
possibility that our implementation of MERGE decides to do an INSERT
|
||
while another transaction does the same. What has to happen is that the
|
||
BEFORE INSERT trigger is called, then the heap tuple inserted, then the
|
||
index tuples created. At this time, the duplicate key error occurs,
|
||
telling us that we had a conflict and that we have to try an UPDATE
|
||
instead. That means, in the end this particular row's INSERT has never
|
||
happened and we have to undo the BEFORE INSERT triggers actions too.
|
||
|
||
>
|
||
> Besides, someone posted an example on Oracle, they don't require an
|
||
> index so I don't think we realistically can say that people need one.
|
||
> If two concurrent MERGEs, which can't see eachothers output, both end
|
||
> up INSERTing, that not an error unless the user has a UNIQUE
|
||
> constraint, so the problem vanishes.
|
||
|
||
Not following the semantics is an error. MERGE is not supposed to do
|
||
multiple inserts for the same match, concurrency or not.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Jan
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
#======================================================================#
|
||
# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
|
||
# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
|
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#================================================== JanWieck@Yahoo.com #
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---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?
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http://archives.postgresql.org
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76581@postgresql.org Fri Nov 25 07:14:48 2005
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id 1EfcSp-00058u-00; Fri, 25 Nov 2005 23:14:03 +1100
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Date: Fri, 25 Nov 2005 13:14:03 +0100
|
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From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
To: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
|
||
cc: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
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Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
|
||
Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
Message-ID: <20051125121402.GB16970@svana.org>
|
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Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us> <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com> <20051124063034.GA18750@svana.org> <4385E636.4070503@Yahoo.com>
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On Thu, Nov 24, 2005 at 11:11:34AM -0500, Jan Wieck wrote:
|
||
> On 11/24/2005 1:30 AM, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
|
||
> >Umm, if there are any errors you abort the transaction, just like any
|
||
> >other case. ACID requires that either the whole statement is done, or
|
||
> >none. If a trigger causes the INSERT or UPDATE to fail you have no
|
||
> >choice but to abort the transaction.
|
||
>=20
|
||
> I guess you misunderstood. What I am talking about is a problem in the=20
|
||
> order of execution. since we don't have predicate locking, there is a=20
|
||
> possibility that our implementation of MERGE decides to do an INSERT=20
|
||
> while another transaction does the same. What has to happen is that the=
|
||
=20
|
||
> BEFORE INSERT trigger is called, then the heap tuple inserted, then the=
|
||
=20
|
||
> index tuples created. At this time, the duplicate key error occurs,=20
|
||
> telling us that we had a conflict and that we have to try an UPDATE=20
|
||
> instead. That means, in the end this particular row's INSERT has never=20
|
||
> happened and we have to undo the BEFORE INSERT triggers actions too.
|
||
|
||
But I'm not sure we're supposed to handle that case anyway. Oracle at
|
||
least doesn't require an index on the table being merged. And if I look
|
||
at it from a visibility view point, if someone else does an INSERT in
|
||
another transaction, then MERGE cannot see it and thus it will INSERT
|
||
too. This isn't an error.
|
||
|
||
Consider the case of a deferred unique constraint (Postgres doesn't
|
||
support these yet but bear with me). Say in one session you start a
|
||
transaction, do a MERGE and then a few other statements. In the
|
||
meantime in another session someone inserts a row on the table you
|
||
merged. Are you asserting that the first session should undo
|
||
everything, do an UPDATE instead of an INSERT and redo all your queries
|
||
since? Obviously not.
|
||
|
||
Though the above relies on something Postgres doesn't support, but you
|
||
would be able to emulate the some without a unique key. For example:
|
||
|
||
Session 1:
|
||
CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (id integer, val integer);
|
||
|
||
BEGIN;
|
||
SELECT * FROM foo;
|
||
|
||
Session 2:
|
||
BEGIN;
|
||
|
||
INSERT INTO foo (1,3);
|
||
|
||
Session 1:
|
||
MERGE INTO foo
|
||
USING (SELECT 1)
|
||
ON (foo.id =3D 1)
|
||
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET val =3D 1
|
||
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (id,val) VALUES (1,2);
|
||
|
||
Session 2:
|
||
COMMIT;
|
||
|
||
Session 1:
|
||
COMMIT;
|
||
|
||
Now, (IMO) in serializable mode, the MERGE should block on reading the
|
||
row inserted by the second session and when that commits do the UPDATE,
|
||
thus leaving you with a table with one row (1.1).
|
||
|
||
In read committed mode, the MERGE shouldn't block and you should end up
|
||
with a table with two rows (1,3) and (1,2).
|
||
|
||
If you switch the order of the insert and merge you should get the same
|
||
results in both cases, (1,2) and (1,3).
|
||
|
||
I think you are arguing that the result should be (1,1) in all cases. I
|
||
honestly don't see how that is feasible and certainly not supported by
|
||
my reading of the standard. I would be interested to know how other
|
||
databases handle the above case.
|
||
|
||
> Not following the semantics is an error. MERGE is not supposed to do=20
|
||
> multiple inserts for the same match, concurrency or not.
|
||
|
||
Yes, any single MERGE cannot insert twice. However, two MERGEs running
|
||
concurrently, or a MERGE with an INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE in another
|
||
session could very well end up with multiple rows on the same key. I
|
||
maintain that MERGE has no special rules w.r.t. visibility or locking
|
||
and we should not be acting as if it does. If at the end of the
|
||
transaction there a duplicate key we should throw the error and let the
|
||
client deal with it.
|
||
|
||
Have a nice day,
|
||
--=20
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
|
||
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
|
||
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
|
||
> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
|
||
|
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--2B/JsCI69OhZNC5r
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|
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|
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-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
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|
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--2B/JsCI69OhZNC5r--
|
||
|
||
From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76584@postgresql.org Fri Nov 25 09:15:33 2005
|
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Return-path: <pgsql-hackers-owner+M76584@postgresql.org>
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(envelope-from JanWieck@Yahoo.com)
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Message-ID: <43871C57.6060000@Yahoo.com>
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Date: Fri, 25 Nov 2005 09:14:47 -0500
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From: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
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To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
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cc: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>,
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pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>,
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Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us> <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com> <20051124063034.GA18750@svana.org> <4385E636.4070503@Yahoo.com> <20051125121402.GB16970@svana.org>
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Status: OR
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On 11/25/2005 7:14 AM, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
|
||
> On Thu, Nov 24, 2005 at 11:11:34AM -0500, Jan Wieck wrote:
|
||
>> I guess you misunderstood. [...]
|
||
>
|
||
> But I'm not sure we're supposed to handle that case anyway. Oracle at
|
||
> least doesn't require an index on the table being merged. And if I look
|
||
> at it from a visibility view point, if someone else does an INSERT in
|
||
> another transaction, then MERGE cannot see it and thus it will INSERT
|
||
> too. This isn't an error.
|
||
|
||
Hmmm ... so you maintain that MERGE without an explicit LOCK TABLE, done
|
||
by the user before performing the MERGE, can create duplicate rows (WRT
|
||
the merge condition) and consequently raise a duplicate key error if
|
||
there is a UNIQUE constraint.
|
||
|
||
If that is what the standard describes, then it can be implemented
|
||
without any sort of index or constraint requirement. The query tree for
|
||
MERGE will have the INTO relation as a left outer join. In the case of a
|
||
match of this outer join, one set of targetlist expressions is used to
|
||
form the result tuple containing the INTO-relations ctid. That result
|
||
tuple us useable for heap_update() or heap_delete(). In the case of
|
||
no-match another set of target list expressions is used, suitable for
|
||
heap_insert(). This way, MERGE will work with one single sequential scan
|
||
of the INTO relation in case there is no suitable index.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Jan
|
||
|
||
--
|
||
#======================================================================#
|
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# It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong than for being right. #
|
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# Let's break this rule - forgive me. #
|
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#================================================== JanWieck@Yahoo.com #
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|
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---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
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TIP 9: In versions below 8.0, the planner will ignore your desire to
|
||
choose an index scan if your joining column's datatypes do not
|
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match
|
||
|
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From pgsql-hackers-owner+M76588@postgresql.org Fri Nov 25 09:55:41 2005
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id 1Efeyd-0005xQ-00; Sat, 26 Nov 2005 01:55:03 +1100
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Date: Fri, 25 Nov 2005 15:55:03 +0100
|
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From: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
||
To: Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com>
|
||
cc: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>, Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>,
|
||
pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org, Josh Berkus <josh@agliodbs.com>,
|
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Jaime Casanova <systemguards@gmail.com>
|
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Subject: Re: [HACKERS] someone working to add merge?
|
||
Message-ID: <20051125145501.GD16970@svana.org>
|
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Reply-To: Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org>
|
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References: <c2d9e70e0511110603q1799d811u6e4564be516b10ce@mail.gmail.com> <200511111924.41532.peter_e@gmx.net> <20561.1131734697@sss.pgh.pa.us> <200511112004.35876.peter_e@gmx.net> <20899.1131736841@sss.pgh.pa.us> <4384E54D.8000500@Yahoo.com> <20051124063034.GA18750@svana.org> <4385E636.4070503@Yahoo.com> <20051125121402.GB16970@svana.org> <43871C57.6060000@Yahoo.com>
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On Fri, Nov 25, 2005 at 09:14:47AM -0500, Jan Wieck wrote:
|
||
> Hmmm ... so you maintain that MERGE without an explicit LOCK TABLE, done=
|
||
=20
|
||
> by the user before performing the MERGE, can create duplicate rows (WRT=
|
||
=20
|
||
> the merge condition) and consequently raise a duplicate key error if=20
|
||
> there is a UNIQUE constraint.
|
||
>=20
|
||
> If that is what the standard describes, then it can be implemented=20
|
||
> without any sort of index or constraint requirement. The query tree for=
|
||
=20
|
||
> MERGE will have the INTO relation as a left outer join. In the case of a=
|
||
=20
|
||
> match of this outer join, one set of targetlist expressions is used to=20
|
||
> form the result tuple containing the INTO-relations ctid. That result=20
|
||
> tuple us useable for heap_update() or heap_delete(). In the case of=20
|
||
> no-match another set of target list expressions is used, suitable for=20
|
||
> heap_insert(). This way, MERGE will work with one single sequential scan=
|
||
=20
|
||
> of the INTO relation in case there is no suitable index.
|
||
|
||
Yes, that's the way I read the standard and how I was thinking it could
|
||
be implemented. It does simplify the case suggested by people that want
|
||
atomic REPLACE, because you only have one statement to repeat until you
|
||
get success.
|
||
|
||
do
|
||
MERGE ...;
|
||
while( not error and modified_rows <> 1 )
|
||
|
||
I was thinking that we could make a seperate REPLACE command which can
|
||
only insert or update one row, but can do it atomically. Basically a
|
||
loop like above with builtin savepoints.
|
||
|
||
Alternativly, we could special case the MERGE-without-USING case, in
|
||
the cases where the plan simply devolves into an Index Scan, but I
|
||
don't like special casing. If we're going to have special semantics we
|
||
should have a seperate statement so it's clear that it's special.
|
||
|
||
Have a nice day,
|
||
--=20
|
||
Martijn van Oosterhout <kleptog@svana.org> http://svana.org/kleptog/
|
||
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
|
||
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
|
||
> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.
|
||
|
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