postgres/src/backend/commands/foreigncmds.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * foreigncmds.c
 *	  foreign-data wrapper/server creation/manipulation commands
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/commands/foreigncmds.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "access/reloptions.h"
#include "catalog/dependency.h"
#include "catalog/indexing.h"
#include "catalog/objectaccess.h"
#include "catalog/pg_foreign_data_wrapper.h"
#include "catalog/pg_foreign_server.h"
#include "catalog/pg_foreign_table.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "catalog/pg_user_mapping.h"
#include "commands/defrem.h"
#include "foreign/foreign.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "parser/parse_func.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"


/*
 * Convert a DefElem list to the text array format that is used in
 * pg_foreign_data_wrapper, pg_foreign_server, and pg_user_mapping.
 * Returns the array in the form of a Datum, or PointerGetDatum(NULL)
 * if the list is empty.
 *
 * Note: The array is usually stored to database without further
 * processing, hence any validation should be done before this
 * conversion.
 */
static Datum
optionListToArray(List *options)
{
	ArrayBuildState *astate = NULL;
	ListCell   *cell;

	foreach(cell, options)
	{
		DefElem    *def = lfirst(cell);
		const char *value;
		Size		len;
		text	   *t;

		value = defGetString(def);
		len = VARHDRSZ + strlen(def->defname) + 1 + strlen(value);
		t = palloc(len + 1);
		SET_VARSIZE(t, len);
		sprintf(VARDATA(t), "%s=%s", def->defname, value);

		astate = accumArrayResult(astate, PointerGetDatum(t),
								  false, TEXTOID,
								  CurrentMemoryContext);
	}

	if (astate)
		return makeArrayResult(astate, CurrentMemoryContext);

	return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
}


/*
 * Transform a list of DefElem into text array format.	This is substantially
 * the same thing as optionListToArray(), except we recognize SET/ADD/DROP
 * actions for modifying an existing list of options, which is passed in
 * Datum form as oldOptions.  Also, if fdwvalidator isn't InvalidOid
 * it specifies a validator function to call on the result.
 *
 * Returns the array in the form of a Datum, or PointerGetDatum(NULL)
 * if the list is empty.
 *
 * This is used by CREATE/ALTER of FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER/SERVER/USER MAPPING.
 */
Datum
transformGenericOptions(Oid catalogId,
						Datum oldOptions,
						List *options,
						Oid fdwvalidator)
{
	List	   *resultOptions = untransformRelOptions(oldOptions);
	ListCell   *optcell;
	Datum		result;

	foreach(optcell, options)
	{
		DefElem    *od = lfirst(optcell);
		ListCell   *cell;
		ListCell   *prev = NULL;

		/*
		 * Find the element in resultOptions.  We need this for validation in
		 * all cases.  Also identify the previous element.
		 */
		foreach(cell, resultOptions)
		{
			DefElem    *def = lfirst(cell);

			if (strcmp(def->defname, od->defname) == 0)
				break;
			else
				prev = cell;
		}

		/*
		 * It is possible to perform multiple SET/DROP actions on the same
		 * option.	The standard permits this, as long as the options to be
		 * added are unique.  Note that an unspecified action is taken to be
		 * ADD.
		 */
		switch (od->defaction)
		{
			case DEFELEM_DROP:
				if (!cell)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
							 errmsg("option \"%s\" not found",
									od->defname)));
				resultOptions = list_delete_cell(resultOptions, cell, prev);
				break;

			case DEFELEM_SET:
				if (!cell)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
							 errmsg("option \"%s\" not found",
									od->defname)));
				lfirst(cell) = od;
				break;

			case DEFELEM_ADD:
			case DEFELEM_UNSPEC:
				if (cell)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
							 errmsg("option \"%s\" provided more than once",
									od->defname)));
				resultOptions = lappend(resultOptions, od);
				break;

			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized action %d on option \"%s\"",
					 (int) od->defaction, od->defname);
				break;
		}
	}

	result = optionListToArray(resultOptions);

	if (OidIsValid(fdwvalidator))
	{
		Datum	valarg = result;

		/*
		 * Pass a null options list as an empty array, so that validators
		 * don't have to be declared non-strict to handle the case.
		 */
		if (DatumGetPointer(valarg) == NULL)
			valarg = PointerGetDatum(construct_empty_array(TEXTOID));
		OidFunctionCall2(fdwvalidator, valarg, ObjectIdGetDatum(catalogId));
	}

	return result;
}


/*
 * Convert the user mapping user name to OID
 */
static Oid
GetUserOidFromMapping(const char *username, bool missing_ok)
{
	if (!username)
		/* PUBLIC user mapping */
		return InvalidOid;

	if (strcmp(username, "current_user") == 0)
		/* map to the owner */
		return GetUserId();

	/* map to provided user */
	return get_role_oid(username, missing_ok);
}


/*
 * Rename foreign-data wrapper
 */
void
RenameForeignDataWrapper(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPERNAME, CStringGetDatum(oldname));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign-data wrapper \"%s\" does not exist", oldname)));

	/* make sure the new name doesn't exist */
	if (SearchSysCacheExists1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPERNAME, CStringGetDatum(newname)))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign-data wrapper \"%s\" already exists", newname)));

	/* must be owner of FDW */
	if (!pg_foreign_data_wrapper_ownercheck(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_FDW,
					   oldname);

	/* rename */
	namestrcpy(&(((Form_pg_foreign_data_wrapper) GETSTRUCT(tup))->fdwname), newname);
	simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

	heap_close(rel, NoLock);
	heap_freetuple(tup);
}


/*
 * Rename foreign server
 */
void
RenameForeignServer(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNSERVERNAME, CStringGetDatum(oldname));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("server \"%s\" does not exist", oldname)));

	/* make sure the new name doesn't exist */
	if (SearchSysCacheExists1(FOREIGNSERVERNAME, CStringGetDatum(newname)))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("server \"%s\" already exists", newname)));

	/* must be owner of server */
	if (!pg_foreign_server_ownercheck(HeapTupleGetOid(tup), GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER,
					   oldname);

	/* rename */
	namestrcpy(&(((Form_pg_foreign_server) GETSTRUCT(tup))->srvname), newname);
	simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

	heap_close(rel, NoLock);
	heap_freetuple(tup);
}


/*
 * Internal workhorse for changing a data wrapper's owner.
 *
 * Allow this only for superusers; also the new owner must be a
 * superuser.
 */
static void
AlterForeignDataWrapperOwner_internal(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	Form_pg_foreign_data_wrapper form;

	form = (Form_pg_foreign_data_wrapper) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	/* Must be a superuser to change a FDW owner */
	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("permission denied to change owner of foreign-data wrapper \"%s\"",
						NameStr(form->fdwname)),
				 errhint("Must be superuser to change owner of a foreign-data wrapper.")));

	/* New owner must also be a superuser */
	if (!superuser_arg(newOwnerId))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("permission denied to change owner of foreign-data wrapper \"%s\"",
						NameStr(form->fdwname)),
		errhint("The owner of a foreign-data wrapper must be a superuser.")));

	if (form->fdwowner != newOwnerId)
	{
		form->fdwowner = newOwnerId;

		simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
		CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

		/* Update owner dependency reference */
		changeDependencyOnOwner(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId,
								HeapTupleGetOid(tup),
								newOwnerId);
	}
}

/*
 * Change foreign-data wrapper owner -- by name
 *
 * Note restrictions in the "_internal" function, above.
 */
void
AlterForeignDataWrapperOwner(const char *name, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPERNAME, CStringGetDatum(name));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign-data wrapper \"%s\" does not exist", name)));

	AlterForeignDataWrapperOwner_internal(rel, tup, newOwnerId);

	heap_freetuple(tup);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Change foreign-data wrapper owner -- by OID
 *
 * Note restrictions in the "_internal" function, above.
 */
void
AlterForeignDataWrapperOwner_oid(Oid fwdId, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(fwdId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign-data wrapper with OID %u does not exist", fwdId)));

	AlterForeignDataWrapperOwner_internal(rel, tup, newOwnerId);

	heap_freetuple(tup);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Internal workhorse for changing a foreign server's owner
 */
static void
AlterForeignServerOwner_internal(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	Form_pg_foreign_server form;

	form = (Form_pg_foreign_server) GETSTRUCT(tup);

	if (form->srvowner != newOwnerId)
	{
		/* Superusers can always do it */
		if (!superuser())
		{
			Oid			srvId;
			AclResult	aclresult;

			srvId = HeapTupleGetOid(tup);

			/* Must be owner */
			if (!pg_foreign_server_ownercheck(srvId, GetUserId()))
				aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER,
							   NameStr(form->srvname));

			/* Must be able to become new owner */
			check_is_member_of_role(GetUserId(), newOwnerId);

			/* New owner must have USAGE privilege on foreign-data wrapper */
			aclresult = pg_foreign_data_wrapper_aclcheck(form->srvfdw, newOwnerId, ACL_USAGE);
			if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
			{
				ForeignDataWrapper *fdw = GetForeignDataWrapper(form->srvfdw);

				aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_FDW, fdw->fdwname);
			}
		}

		form->srvowner = newOwnerId;

		simple_heap_update(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
		CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tup);

		/* Update owner dependency reference */
		changeDependencyOnOwner(ForeignServerRelationId, HeapTupleGetOid(tup),
								newOwnerId);
	}
}

/*
 * Change foreign server owner -- by name
 */
void
AlterForeignServerOwner(const char *name, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNSERVERNAME, CStringGetDatum(name));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("server \"%s\" does not exist", name)));

	AlterForeignServerOwner_internal(rel, tup, newOwnerId);

	heap_freetuple(tup);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Change foreign server owner -- by OID
 */
void
AlterForeignServerOwner_oid(Oid srvId, Oid newOwnerId)
{
	HeapTuple	tup;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNSERVEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(srvId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign server with OID %u does not exist", srvId)));

	AlterForeignServerOwner_internal(rel, tup, newOwnerId);

	heap_freetuple(tup);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Convert a handler function name passed from the parser to an Oid.
 */
static Oid
lookup_fdw_handler_func(DefElem *handler)
{
	Oid			handlerOid;

	if (handler == NULL || handler->arg == NULL)
		return InvalidOid;

	/* handlers have no arguments */
	handlerOid = LookupFuncName((List *) handler->arg, 0, NULL, false);

	/* check that handler has correct return type */
	if (get_func_rettype(handlerOid) != FDW_HANDLEROID)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
				 errmsg("function %s must return type \"fdw_handler\"",
						NameListToString((List *) handler->arg))));

	return handlerOid;
}

/*
 * Convert a validator function name passed from the parser to an Oid.
 */
static Oid
lookup_fdw_validator_func(DefElem *validator)
{
	Oid			funcargtypes[2];

	if (validator == NULL || validator->arg == NULL)
		return InvalidOid;

	/* validators take text[], oid */
	funcargtypes[0] = TEXTARRAYOID;
	funcargtypes[1] = OIDOID;

	return LookupFuncName((List *) validator->arg, 2, funcargtypes, false);
	/* validator's return value is ignored, so we don't check the type */
}

/*
 * Process function options of CREATE/ALTER FDW
 */
static void
parse_func_options(List *func_options,
				   bool *handler_given, Oid *fdwhandler,
				   bool *validator_given, Oid *fdwvalidator)
{
	ListCell   *cell;

	*handler_given = false;
	*validator_given = false;
	/* return InvalidOid if not given */
	*fdwhandler = InvalidOid;
	*fdwvalidator = InvalidOid;

	foreach(cell, func_options)
	{
		DefElem    *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(cell);

		if (strcmp(def->defname, "handler") == 0)
		{
			if (*handler_given)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			*handler_given = true;
			*fdwhandler = lookup_fdw_handler_func(def);
		}
		else if (strcmp(def->defname, "validator") == 0)
		{
			if (*validator_given)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
						 errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
			*validator_given = true;
			*fdwvalidator = lookup_fdw_validator_func(def);
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "option \"%s\" not recognized",
				 def->defname);
	}
}

/*
 * Create a foreign-data wrapper
 */
void
CreateForeignDataWrapper(CreateFdwStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	Datum		values[Natts_pg_foreign_data_wrapper];
	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_foreign_data_wrapper];
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	Oid			fdwId;
	bool		handler_given;
	bool		validator_given;
	Oid			fdwhandler;
	Oid			fdwvalidator;
	Datum		fdwoptions;
	Oid			ownerId;
	ObjectAddress myself;
	ObjectAddress referenced;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* Must be super user */
	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
			errmsg("permission denied to create foreign-data wrapper \"%s\"",
				   stmt->fdwname),
			errhint("Must be superuser to create a foreign-data wrapper.")));

	/* For now the owner cannot be specified on create. Use effective user ID. */
	ownerId = GetUserId();

	/*
	 * Check that there is no other foreign-data wrapper by this name.
	 */
	if (GetForeignDataWrapperByName(stmt->fdwname, true) != NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("foreign-data wrapper \"%s\" already exists",
						stmt->fdwname)));

	/*
	 * Insert tuple into pg_foreign_data_wrapper.
	 */
	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
	memset(nulls, false, sizeof(nulls));

	values[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwname - 1] =
		DirectFunctionCall1(namein, CStringGetDatum(stmt->fdwname));
	values[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwowner - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(ownerId);

	/* Lookup handler and validator functions, if given */
	parse_func_options(stmt->func_options,
					   &handler_given, &fdwhandler,
					   &validator_given, &fdwvalidator);

	values[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwhandler - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(fdwhandler);
	values[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwvalidator - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(fdwvalidator);

	nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwacl - 1] = true;

	fdwoptions = transformGenericOptions(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId,
										 PointerGetDatum(NULL),
										 stmt->options,
										 fdwvalidator);

	if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(fdwoptions)))
		values[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions - 1] = fdwoptions;
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions - 1] = true;

	tuple = heap_form_tuple(rel->rd_att, values, nulls);

	fdwId = simple_heap_insert(rel, tuple);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tuple);

	heap_freetuple(tuple);

	/* record dependencies */
	myself.classId = ForeignDataWrapperRelationId;
	myself.objectId = fdwId;
	myself.objectSubId = 0;

	if (OidIsValid(fdwhandler))
	{
		referenced.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
		referenced.objectId = fdwhandler;
		referenced.objectSubId = 0;
		recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
	}

	if (OidIsValid(fdwvalidator))
	{
		referenced.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
		referenced.objectId = fdwvalidator;
		referenced.objectSubId = 0;
		recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
	}

	recordDependencyOnOwner(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, fdwId, ownerId);

	/* dependency on extension */
	recordDependencyOnCurrentExtension(&myself, false);

	/* Post creation hook for new foreign data wrapper */
	InvokeObjectAccessHook(OAT_POST_CREATE,
						   ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, fdwId, 0, NULL);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Alter foreign-data wrapper
 */
void
AlterForeignDataWrapper(AlterFdwStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Form_pg_foreign_data_wrapper fdwForm;
	Datum		repl_val[Natts_pg_foreign_data_wrapper];
	bool		repl_null[Natts_pg_foreign_data_wrapper];
	bool		repl_repl[Natts_pg_foreign_data_wrapper];
	Oid			fdwId;
	bool		isnull;
	Datum		datum;
	bool		handler_given;
	bool		validator_given;
	Oid			fdwhandler;
	Oid			fdwvalidator;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* Must be super user */
	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
			 errmsg("permission denied to alter foreign-data wrapper \"%s\"",
					stmt->fdwname),
			 errhint("Must be superuser to alter a foreign-data wrapper.")));

	tp = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPERNAME,
							 CStringGetDatum(stmt->fdwname));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		errmsg("foreign-data wrapper \"%s\" does not exist", stmt->fdwname)));

	fdwForm = (Form_pg_foreign_data_wrapper) GETSTRUCT(tp);
	fdwId = HeapTupleGetOid(tp);

	memset(repl_val, 0, sizeof(repl_val));
	memset(repl_null, false, sizeof(repl_null));
	memset(repl_repl, false, sizeof(repl_repl));

	parse_func_options(stmt->func_options,
					   &handler_given, &fdwhandler,
					   &validator_given, &fdwvalidator);

	if (handler_given)
	{
		repl_val[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwhandler - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(fdwhandler);
		repl_repl[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwhandler - 1] = true;

		/*
		 * It could be that the behavior of accessing foreign table changes
		 * with the new handler.  Warn about this.
		 */
		ereport(WARNING,
				(errmsg("changing the foreign-data wrapper handler can change behavior of existing foreign tables")));
	}

	if (validator_given)
	{
		repl_val[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwvalidator - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(fdwvalidator);
		repl_repl[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwvalidator - 1] = true;

		/*
		 * It could be that the options for the FDW, SERVER and USER MAPPING
		 * are no longer valid with the new validator.	Warn about this.
		 */
		if (OidIsValid(fdwvalidator))
			ereport(WARNING,
			 (errmsg("changing the foreign-data wrapper validator can cause "
					 "the options for dependent objects to become invalid")));
	}
	else
	{
		/*
		 * Validator is not changed, but we need it for validating options.
		 */
		fdwvalidator = fdwForm->fdwvalidator;
	}

	/*
	 * If options specified, validate and update.
	 */
	if (stmt->options)
	{
		/* Extract the current options */
		datum = SysCacheGetAttr(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPEROID,
								tp,
								Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions,
								&isnull);
		if (isnull)
			datum = PointerGetDatum(NULL);

		/* Transform the options */
		datum = transformGenericOptions(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId,
										datum,
										stmt->options,
										fdwvalidator);

		if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(datum)))
			repl_val[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions - 1] = datum;
		else
			repl_null[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions - 1] = true;

		repl_repl[Anum_pg_foreign_data_wrapper_fdwoptions - 1] = true;
	}

	/* Everything looks good - update the tuple */
	tp = heap_modify_tuple(tp, RelationGetDescr(rel),
						   repl_val, repl_null, repl_repl);

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tp->t_self, tp);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tp);

	heap_freetuple(tp);

	/* Update function dependencies if we changed them */
	if (handler_given || validator_given)
	{
		ObjectAddress myself;
		ObjectAddress referenced;

		/*
		 * Flush all existing dependency records of this FDW on functions; we
		 * assume there can be none other than the ones we are fixing.
		 */
		deleteDependencyRecordsForClass(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId,
										fdwId,
										ProcedureRelationId,
										DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);

		/* And build new ones. */
		myself.classId = ForeignDataWrapperRelationId;
		myself.objectId = fdwId;
		myself.objectSubId = 0;

		if (OidIsValid(fdwhandler))
		{
			referenced.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
			referenced.objectId = fdwhandler;
			referenced.objectSubId = 0;
			recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
		}

		if (OidIsValid(fdwvalidator))
		{
			referenced.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
			referenced.objectId = fdwvalidator;
			referenced.objectSubId = 0;
			recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
		}
	}

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Drop foreign-data wrapper by OID
 */
void
RemoveForeignDataWrapperById(Oid fdwId)
{
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignDataWrapperRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tp = SearchSysCache1(FOREIGNDATAWRAPPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(fdwId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for foreign-data wrapper %u", fdwId);

	simple_heap_delete(rel, &tp->t_self);

	ReleaseSysCache(tp);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Create a foreign server
 */
void
CreateForeignServer(CreateForeignServerStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	Datum		srvoptions;
	Datum		values[Natts_pg_foreign_server];
	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_foreign_server];
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	Oid			srvId;
	Oid			ownerId;
	AclResult	aclresult;
	ObjectAddress myself;
	ObjectAddress referenced;
	ForeignDataWrapper *fdw;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/* For now the owner cannot be specified on create. Use effective user ID. */
	ownerId = GetUserId();

	/*
	 * Check that there is no other foreign server by this name.
	 */
	if (GetForeignServerByName(stmt->servername, true) != NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("server \"%s\" already exists",
						stmt->servername)));

	/*
	 * Check that the FDW exists and that we have USAGE on it. Also get the
	 * actual FDW for option validation etc.
	 */
	fdw = GetForeignDataWrapperByName(stmt->fdwname, false);

	aclresult = pg_foreign_data_wrapper_aclcheck(fdw->fdwid, ownerId, ACL_USAGE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_FDW, fdw->fdwname);

	/*
	 * Insert tuple into pg_foreign_server.
	 */
	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
	memset(nulls, false, sizeof(nulls));

	values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvname - 1] =
		DirectFunctionCall1(namein, CStringGetDatum(stmt->servername));
	values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvowner - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(ownerId);
	values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvfdw - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(fdw->fdwid);

	/* Add server type if supplied */
	if (stmt->servertype)
		values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvtype - 1] =
			CStringGetTextDatum(stmt->servertype);
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvtype - 1] = true;

	/* Add server version if supplied */
	if (stmt->version)
		values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvversion - 1] =
			CStringGetTextDatum(stmt->version);
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvversion - 1] = true;

	/* Start with a blank acl */
	nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvacl - 1] = true;

	/* Add server options */
	srvoptions = transformGenericOptions(ForeignServerRelationId,
										 PointerGetDatum(NULL),
										 stmt->options,
										 fdw->fdwvalidator);

	if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(srvoptions)))
		values[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions - 1] = srvoptions;
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions - 1] = true;

	tuple = heap_form_tuple(rel->rd_att, values, nulls);

	srvId = simple_heap_insert(rel, tuple);

	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tuple);

	heap_freetuple(tuple);

	/* record dependencies */
	myself.classId = ForeignServerRelationId;
	myself.objectId = srvId;
	myself.objectSubId = 0;

	referenced.classId = ForeignDataWrapperRelationId;
	referenced.objectId = fdw->fdwid;
	referenced.objectSubId = 0;
	recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);

	recordDependencyOnOwner(ForeignServerRelationId, srvId, ownerId);

	/* dependency on extension */
	recordDependencyOnCurrentExtension(&myself, false);

	/* Post creation hook for new foreign server */
	InvokeObjectAccessHook(OAT_POST_CREATE,
						   ForeignServerRelationId, srvId, 0, NULL);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Alter foreign server
 */
void
AlterForeignServer(AlterForeignServerStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Datum		repl_val[Natts_pg_foreign_server];
	bool		repl_null[Natts_pg_foreign_server];
	bool		repl_repl[Natts_pg_foreign_server];
	Oid			srvId;
	Form_pg_foreign_server srvForm;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tp = SearchSysCacheCopy1(FOREIGNSERVERNAME,
							 CStringGetDatum(stmt->servername));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("server \"%s\" does not exist", stmt->servername)));

	srvId = HeapTupleGetOid(tp);
	srvForm = (Form_pg_foreign_server) GETSTRUCT(tp);

	/*
	 * Only owner or a superuser can ALTER a SERVER.
	 */
	if (!pg_foreign_server_ownercheck(srvId, GetUserId()))
		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER,
					   stmt->servername);

	memset(repl_val, 0, sizeof(repl_val));
	memset(repl_null, false, sizeof(repl_null));
	memset(repl_repl, false, sizeof(repl_repl));

	if (stmt->has_version)
	{
		/*
		 * Change the server VERSION string.
		 */
		if (stmt->version)
			repl_val[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvversion - 1] =
				CStringGetTextDatum(stmt->version);
		else
			repl_null[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvversion - 1] = true;

		repl_repl[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvversion - 1] = true;
	}

	if (stmt->options)
	{
		ForeignDataWrapper *fdw = GetForeignDataWrapper(srvForm->srvfdw);
		Datum		datum;
		bool		isnull;

		/* Extract the current srvoptions */
		datum = SysCacheGetAttr(FOREIGNSERVEROID,
								tp,
								Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions,
								&isnull);
		if (isnull)
			datum = PointerGetDatum(NULL);

		/* Prepare the options array */
		datum = transformGenericOptions(ForeignServerRelationId,
										datum,
										stmt->options,
										fdw->fdwvalidator);

		if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(datum)))
			repl_val[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions - 1] = datum;
		else
			repl_null[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions - 1] = true;

		repl_repl[Anum_pg_foreign_server_srvoptions - 1] = true;
	}

	/* Everything looks good - update the tuple */
	tp = heap_modify_tuple(tp, RelationGetDescr(rel),
						   repl_val, repl_null, repl_repl);

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tp->t_self, tp);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tp);

	heap_freetuple(tp);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Drop foreign server by OID
 */
void
RemoveForeignServerById(Oid srvId)
{
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(ForeignServerRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tp = SearchSysCache1(FOREIGNSERVEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(srvId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for foreign server %u", srvId);

	simple_heap_delete(rel, &tp->t_self);

	ReleaseSysCache(tp);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Common routine to check permission for user-mapping-related DDL
 * commands.  We allow server owners to operate on any mapping, and
 * users to operate on their own mapping.
 */
static void
user_mapping_ddl_aclcheck(Oid umuserid, Oid serverid, const char *servername)
{
	Oid			curuserid = GetUserId();

	if (!pg_foreign_server_ownercheck(serverid, curuserid))
	{
		if (umuserid == curuserid)
		{
			AclResult	aclresult;

			aclresult = pg_foreign_server_aclcheck(serverid, curuserid, ACL_USAGE);
			if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
				aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER, servername);
		}
		else
			aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER,
						   servername);
	}
}


/*
 * Create user mapping
 */
void
CreateUserMapping(CreateUserMappingStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	Datum		useoptions;
	Datum		values[Natts_pg_user_mapping];
	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_user_mapping];
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	Oid			useId;
	Oid			umId;
	ObjectAddress myself;
	ObjectAddress referenced;
	ForeignServer *srv;
	ForeignDataWrapper *fdw;

	rel = heap_open(UserMappingRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	useId = GetUserOidFromMapping(stmt->username, false);

	/* Check that the server exists. */
	srv = GetForeignServerByName(stmt->servername, false);

	user_mapping_ddl_aclcheck(useId, srv->serverid, stmt->servername);

	/*
	 * Check that the user mapping is unique within server.
	 */
	umId = GetSysCacheOid2(USERMAPPINGUSERSERVER,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(useId),
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(srv->serverid));
	if (OidIsValid(umId))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("user mapping \"%s\" already exists for server %s",
						MappingUserName(useId),
						stmt->servername)));

	fdw = GetForeignDataWrapper(srv->fdwid);

	/*
	 * Insert tuple into pg_user_mapping.
	 */
	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
	memset(nulls, false, sizeof(nulls));

	values[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umuser - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(useId);
	values[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umserver - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(srv->serverid);

	/* Add user options */
	useoptions = transformGenericOptions(UserMappingRelationId,
										 PointerGetDatum(NULL),
										 stmt->options,
										 fdw->fdwvalidator);

	if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(useoptions)))
		values[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions - 1] = useoptions;
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions - 1] = true;

	tuple = heap_form_tuple(rel->rd_att, values, nulls);

	umId = simple_heap_insert(rel, tuple);

	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tuple);

	heap_freetuple(tuple);

	/* Add dependency on the server */
	myself.classId = UserMappingRelationId;
	myself.objectId = umId;
	myself.objectSubId = 0;

	referenced.classId = ForeignServerRelationId;
	referenced.objectId = srv->serverid;
	referenced.objectSubId = 0;
	recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);

	if (OidIsValid(useId))
	{
		/* Record the mapped user dependency */
		recordDependencyOnOwner(UserMappingRelationId, umId, useId);
	}

	/* dependency on extension */
	recordDependencyOnCurrentExtension(&myself, false);

	/* Post creation hook for new user mapping */
	InvokeObjectAccessHook(OAT_POST_CREATE,
						   UserMappingRelationId, umId, 0, NULL);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Alter user mapping
 */
void
AlterUserMapping(AlterUserMappingStmt *stmt)
{
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Datum		repl_val[Natts_pg_user_mapping];
	bool		repl_null[Natts_pg_user_mapping];
	bool		repl_repl[Natts_pg_user_mapping];
	Oid			useId;
	Oid			umId;
	ForeignServer *srv;

	rel = heap_open(UserMappingRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	useId = GetUserOidFromMapping(stmt->username, false);
	srv = GetForeignServerByName(stmt->servername, false);

	umId = GetSysCacheOid2(USERMAPPINGUSERSERVER,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(useId),
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(srv->serverid));
	if (!OidIsValid(umId))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				 errmsg("user mapping \"%s\" does not exist for the server",
						MappingUserName(useId))));

	user_mapping_ddl_aclcheck(useId, srv->serverid, stmt->servername);

	tp = SearchSysCacheCopy1(USERMAPPINGOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(umId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for user mapping %u", umId);

	memset(repl_val, 0, sizeof(repl_val));
	memset(repl_null, false, sizeof(repl_null));
	memset(repl_repl, false, sizeof(repl_repl));

	if (stmt->options)
	{
		ForeignDataWrapper *fdw;
		Datum		datum;
		bool		isnull;

		/*
		 * Process the options.
		 */

		fdw = GetForeignDataWrapper(srv->fdwid);

		datum = SysCacheGetAttr(USERMAPPINGUSERSERVER,
								tp,
								Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions,
								&isnull);
		if (isnull)
			datum = PointerGetDatum(NULL);

		/* Prepare the options array */
		datum = transformGenericOptions(UserMappingRelationId,
										datum,
										stmt->options,
										fdw->fdwvalidator);

		if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(datum)))
			repl_val[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions - 1] = datum;
		else
			repl_null[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions - 1] = true;

		repl_repl[Anum_pg_user_mapping_umoptions - 1] = true;
	}

	/* Everything looks good - update the tuple */
	tp = heap_modify_tuple(tp, RelationGetDescr(rel),
						   repl_val, repl_null, repl_repl);

	simple_heap_update(rel, &tp->t_self, tp);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(rel, tp);

	heap_freetuple(tp);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}


/*
 * Drop user mapping
 */
void
RemoveUserMapping(DropUserMappingStmt *stmt)
{
	ObjectAddress object;
	Oid			useId;
	Oid			umId;
	ForeignServer *srv;

	useId = GetUserOidFromMapping(stmt->username, stmt->missing_ok);
	srv = GetForeignServerByName(stmt->servername, true);

	if (stmt->username && !OidIsValid(useId))
	{
		/*
		 * IF EXISTS specified, role not found and not public. Notice this and
		 * leave.
		 */
		elog(NOTICE, "role \"%s\" does not exist, skipping", stmt->username);
		return;
	}

	if (!srv)
	{
		if (!stmt->missing_ok)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("server \"%s\" does not exist",
							stmt->servername)));
		/* IF EXISTS, just note it */
		ereport(NOTICE, (errmsg("server does not exist, skipping")));
		return;
	}

	umId = GetSysCacheOid2(USERMAPPINGUSERSERVER,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(useId),
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(srv->serverid));

	if (!OidIsValid(umId))
	{
		if (!stmt->missing_ok)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
				  errmsg("user mapping \"%s\" does not exist for the server",
						 MappingUserName(useId))));

		/* IF EXISTS specified, just note it */
		ereport(NOTICE,
		(errmsg("user mapping \"%s\" does not exist for the server, skipping",
				MappingUserName(useId))));
		return;
	}

	user_mapping_ddl_aclcheck(useId, srv->serverid, srv->servername);

	/*
	 * Do the deletion
	 */
	object.classId = UserMappingRelationId;
	object.objectId = umId;
	object.objectSubId = 0;

	performDeletion(&object, DROP_CASCADE, 0);
}


/*
 * Drop user mapping by OID.  This is called to clean up dependencies.
 */
void
RemoveUserMappingById(Oid umId)
{
	HeapTuple	tp;
	Relation	rel;

	rel = heap_open(UserMappingRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	tp = SearchSysCache1(USERMAPPINGOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(umId));

	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for user mapping %u", umId);

	simple_heap_delete(rel, &tp->t_self);

	ReleaseSysCache(tp);

	heap_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * Create a foreign table
 * call after DefineRelation().
 */
void
CreateForeignTable(CreateForeignTableStmt *stmt, Oid relid)
{
	Relation	ftrel;
	Datum		ftoptions;
	Datum		values[Natts_pg_foreign_table];
	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_foreign_table];
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	AclResult	aclresult;
	ObjectAddress myself;
	ObjectAddress referenced;
	Oid			ownerId;
	ForeignDataWrapper *fdw;
	ForeignServer *server;

	/*
	 * Advance command counter to ensure the pg_attribute tuple is visible;
	 * the tuple might be updated to add constraints in previous step.
	 */
	CommandCounterIncrement();

	ftrel = heap_open(ForeignTableRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * For now the owner cannot be specified on create. Use effective user ID.
	 */
	ownerId = GetUserId();

	/*
	 * Check that the foreign server exists and that we have USAGE on it. Also
	 * get the actual FDW for option validation etc.
	 */
	server = GetForeignServerByName(stmt->servername, false);
	aclresult = pg_foreign_server_aclcheck(server->serverid, ownerId, ACL_USAGE);
	if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
		aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_FOREIGN_SERVER, server->servername);

	fdw = GetForeignDataWrapper(server->fdwid);

	/*
	 * Insert tuple into pg_foreign_table.
	 */
	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
	memset(nulls, false, sizeof(nulls));

	values[Anum_pg_foreign_table_ftrelid - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(relid);
	values[Anum_pg_foreign_table_ftserver - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(server->serverid);
	/* Add table generic options */
	ftoptions = transformGenericOptions(ForeignTableRelationId,
										PointerGetDatum(NULL),
										stmt->options,
										fdw->fdwvalidator);

	if (PointerIsValid(DatumGetPointer(ftoptions)))
		values[Anum_pg_foreign_table_ftoptions - 1] = ftoptions;
	else
		nulls[Anum_pg_foreign_table_ftoptions - 1] = true;

	tuple = heap_form_tuple(ftrel->rd_att, values, nulls);

	simple_heap_insert(ftrel, tuple);
	CatalogUpdateIndexes(ftrel, tuple);

	heap_freetuple(tuple);

	/* Add pg_class dependency on the server */
	myself.classId = RelationRelationId;
	myself.objectId = relid;
	myself.objectSubId = 0;

	referenced.classId = ForeignServerRelationId;
	referenced.objectId = server->serverid;
	referenced.objectSubId = 0;
	recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);

	heap_close(ftrel, RowExclusiveLock);
}