columns, and the new version can be stored on the same heap page, we no longer
generate extra index entries for the new version. Instead, index searches
follow the HOT-chain links to ensure they find the correct tuple version.
In addition, this patch introduces the ability to "prune" dead tuples on a
per-page basis, without having to do a complete VACUUM pass to recover space.
VACUUM is still needed to clean up dead index entries, however.
Pavan Deolasee, with help from a bunch of other people.
Along the way, allow FOR UPDATE in non-WITH-HOLD cursors; there may once
have been a reason to disallow that, but it seems to work now, and it's
really rather necessary if you want to select a row via a cursor and then
update it in a concurrent-safe fashion.
Original patch by Arul Shaji, rather heavily editorialized by Tom Lane.
a new PlannerInfo struct, which is passed around instead of the bare
Query in all the planning code. This commit is essentially just a
code-beautification exercise, but it does open the door to making
larger changes to the planner data structures without having to muck
with the widely-known Query struct.
performance problem pointed out by phil@vodafone: to wit, we were
spending O(N^2) time to check dropped-ness in an N-deep join tree,
even in the case where the tree was freshly constructed and couldn't
possibly mention any dropped columns. Instead of recursing in
get_rte_attribute_is_dropped(), change the data structure definition:
the joinaliasvars list of a JOIN RTE must have a NULL Const instead
of a Var at any position that references a now-dropped column. This
costs nothing during normal parse-rewrite-plan path, and instead we
have a linear-time update to make when loading a stored rule that
might contain now-dropped columns. While at it, move the responsibility
for acquring locks on relations referenced by rules into this separate
function (which I therefore chose to call AcquireRewriteLocks).
This saves effort --- namely, duplicated lock grabs in parser and rewriter
--- in the normal path at a cost of one extra non-locked heap_open()
in the stored-rule path; seems a good tradeoff. A fringe benefit is
that it is now *much* clearer that we acquire lock on relations referenced
in rules before we make any rewriter decisions based on their properties.
(I don't know of any bug of that ilk, but it wasn't exactly clear before.)
Also performed an initial run through of upgrading our Copyright date to
extend to 2005 ... first run here was very simple ... change everything
where: grep 1996-2004 && the word 'Copyright' ... scanned through the
generated list with 'less' first, and after, to make sure that I only
picked up the right entries ...
presence of dropped columns. Document the already-presumed fact that
eref aliases in relation RTEs are supposed to have entries for dropped
columns; cause the user alias structs to have such entries too, so that
there's always a one-to-one mapping to the underlying physical attnums.
Adjust expandRTE() and related code to handle the case where a column
that is part of a JOIN has been dropped. Generalize expandRTE()'s API
so that it can be used in a couple of places that formerly rolled their
own implementation of the same logic. Fix ruleutils.c to suppress
display of aliases for columns that were dropped since the rule was made.
In the past, we used a 'Lispy' linked list implementation: a "list" was
merely a pointer to the head node of the list. The problem with that
design is that it makes lappend() and length() linear time. This patch
fixes that problem (and others) by maintaining a count of the list
length and a pointer to the tail node along with each head node pointer.
A "list" is now a pointer to a structure containing some meta-data
about the list; the head and tail pointers in that structure refer
to ListCell structures that maintain the actual linked list of nodes.
The function names of the list API have also been changed to, I hope,
be more logically consistent. By default, the old function names are
still available; they will be disabled-by-default once the rest of
the tree has been updated to use the new API names.
rather than allowing them only in a few special cases as before. In
particular you can now pass a ROW() construct to a function that accepts
a rowtype parameter. Internal generation of RowExprs fixes a number of
corner cases that used to not work very well, such as referencing the
whole-row result of a JOIN or subquery. This represents a further step in
the work I started a month or so back to make rowtype values into
first-class citizens.
extensions to support our historical behavior. An aggregate belongs
to the closest query level of any of the variables in its argument,
or the current query level if there are no variables (e.g., COUNT(*)).
The implementation involves adding an agglevelsup field to Aggref,
and treating outer aggregates like outer variables at planning time.
introducing new 'FastList' list-construction subroutines to use in
hot spots. This avoids the O(N^2) behavior of repeated lappend's
by keeping a tail pointer, while not changing behavior by reversing
list order as the lcons() method would do.
There are two implementation techniques: the executor understands a new
JOIN_IN jointype, which emits at most one matching row per left-hand row,
or the result of the IN's sub-select can be fed through a DISTINCT filter
and then joined as an ordinary relation.
Along the way, some minor code cleanup in the optimizer; notably, break
out most of the jointree-rearrangement preprocessing in planner.c and
put it in a new file prep/prepjointree.c.
simplify callers. It turns out the common case is that the caller
does want to recurse into sub-queries, so push support for that into
these subroutines.
containing a volatile function), rather than only on 'Var = Var' clauses
as before. This makes it practical to do flatten_join_alias_vars at the
start of planning, which in turn eliminates a bunch of klugery inside the
planner to deal with alias vars. As a free side effect, we now detect
implied equality of non-Var expressions; for example in
SELECT ... WHERE a.x = b.y and b.y = 42
we will deduce a.x = 42 and use that as a restriction qual on a. Also,
we can remove the restriction introduced 12/5/02 to prevent pullup of
subqueries whose targetlists contain sublinks.
Still TODO: make statistical estimation routines in selfuncs.c and costsize.c
smarter about expressions that are more complex than plain Vars. The need
for this is considerably greater now that we have to be able to estimate
the suitability of merge and hash join techniques on such expressions.
Simplify SubLink by storing just a List of operator OIDs, instead of
a list of incomplete OpExprs --- that was a bizarre and bulky choice,
with no redeeming social value since we have to build new OpExprs
anyway when forming the plan tree.
in the planned representation of a subplan at all any more, only SubPlan.
This means subselect.c doesn't scribble on its input anymore, which seems
like a good thing; and there are no longer three different possible
interpretations of a SubLink. Simplify node naming and improve comments
in primnodes.h. No change to stored rules, though.
so that all executable expression nodes inherit from a common supertype
Expr. This is somewhat of an exercise in code purity rather than any
real functional advance, but getting rid of the extra Oper or Func node
formerly used in each operator or function call should provide at least
a little space and speed improvement.
initdb forced by changes in stored-rules representation.
that are explicitly JOINed are not considered dependencies unless they
are actually used in the query: mere presence in the joinaliasvars
list of a JOIN RTE doesn't count as being used. The patch touches
a number of files because I needed to generalize the API of
query_tree_walker to support an additional flag bit, but the changes
are otherwise quite small.
rather than a Query node; this allows set_plan_references to recurse
into subplans correctly. Fixes core dump on full outer joins in
subplans. Also, invoke preprocess_expression on function RTEs'
function expressions. This seems to fix the planner's problems with
outer-level Vars in function RTEs.
lists to join RTEs, attach a list of Vars and COALESCE expressions that will
replace the join's alias variables during planning. This simplifies
flatten_join_alias_vars while still making it easy to fix up varno references
when transforming the query tree. Add regression test cases for interactions
of subqueries with outer joins.
entries, per pghackers discussion. This fixes aggregates to live in
namespaces, and also simplifies/speeds up lookup in parse_func.c.
Also, add a 'proimplicit' flag to pg_proc that controls whether a type
coercion function may be invoked implicitly, or only explicitly. The
current settings of these flags are more permissive than I would like,
but we will need to debate and refine the behavior; for now, I avoided
breaking regression tests as much as I could.
now has an RTE of its own, and references to its outputs now are Vars
referencing the JOIN RTE, rather than CASE-expressions. This allows
reverse-listing in ruleutils.c to use the correct alias easily, rather
than painfully reverse-engineering the alias namespace as it used to do.
Also, nested FULL JOINs work correctly, because the result of the inner
joins are simple Vars that the planner can cope with. This fixes a bug
reported a couple times now, notably by Tatsuo on 18-Nov-01. The alias
Vars are expanded into COALESCE expressions where needed at the very end
of planning, rather than during parsing.
Also, beginnings of support for showing plan qualifier expressions in
EXPLAIN. There are probably still cases that need work.
initdb forced due to change of stored-rule representation.
SQL92 semantics, including support for ALL option. All three can be used
in subqueries and views. DISTINCT and ORDER BY work now in views, too.
This rewrite fixes many problems with cross-datatype UNIONs and INSERT/SELECT
where the SELECT yields different datatypes than the INSERT needs. I did
that by making UNION subqueries and SELECT in INSERT be treated like
subselects-in-FROM, thereby allowing an extra level of targetlist where the
datatype conversions can be inserted safely.
INITDB NEEDED!
Most parts of the planner should ignore, or indeed never even see, uplevel
Vars because they will be or have been replaced by Params. There were a
couple of places that got it wrong though, probably my fault from recent
changes...
and fix_opids processing to a single recursive pass over the plan tree
executed at the very tail end of planning, rather than haphazardly here
and there at different places. Now that tlist Vars do not get modified
until the very end, it's possible to get rid of the klugy var_equal and
match_varid partial-matching routines, and just use plain equal()
throughout the optimizer. This is a step towards allowing merge and
hash joins to be done on expressions instead of only Vars ...
