Add ceiling() as an alias for ceil(), and power() as an alias for pow().

Regression tests and documentation have both been updated.

SQL2003 requires that both ceiling() and ceil() be present, so I have
documented both spellings. SQL2003 doesn't mention pow() as far as I
can see, so I decided to replace pow() with power() in the documentation:
there is little reason to encourage the continued usage of a function
that isn't compliant with the standard, given a standard-compliant
alternative.

RELEASE NOTES: should state that pow() is considered deprecated
(although I don't see the need to ever remove it.)

src/test/regress/expected/float8-exp-three-digits-win32.out

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, f.f1 % AS round_f1
       | 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
 (5 rows)
 
--- ceil
+-- ceil / ceiling
 select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        ceil_f1        
 ----------------------
@@ -236,6 +236,16 @@ select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
                     1
 (5 rows)
 
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+      ceiling_f1      
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
 -- floor
 select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        floor_f1       
@@ -281,6 +291,13 @@ SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
        | 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.11111110611109e-100
 (3 rows)
 
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
 -- take exp of ln(f.f1) 
 SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f

src/test/regress/expected/float8-exp-three-digits.out

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, f.f1 % AS round_f1
       | 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
 (5 rows)
 
--- ceil
+-- ceil / ceiling
 select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        ceil_f1        
 ----------------------
@@ -235,6 +235,16 @@ select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
                     1
 (5 rows)
 
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+      ceiling_f1      
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
 -- floor
 select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        floor_f1       
@@ -280,6 +290,13 @@ SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
        | 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.11111110611109e-100
 (3 rows)
 
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
 -- take exp of ln(f.f1) 
 SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f

src/test/regress/expected/float8-small-is-zero.out

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, f.f1 % AS round_f1
       | 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
 (5 rows)
 
--- ceil
+-- ceil / ceiling
 select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        ceil_f1        
 ----------------------
@@ -244,6 +244,16 @@ select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
                     1
 (5 rows)
 
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+      ceiling_f1      
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
 -- floor
 select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        floor_f1       
@@ -289,6 +299,13 @@ SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
        | 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.11111110611109e-100
 (3 rows)
 
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
 -- take exp of ln(f.f1) 
 SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f

src/test/regress/expected/float8.out

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, f.f1 % AS round_f1
       | 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
 (5 rows)
 
--- ceil
+-- ceil / ceiling
 select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        ceil_f1        
 ----------------------
@@ -236,6 +236,16 @@ select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
                     1
 (5 rows)
 
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+      ceiling_f1      
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
 -- floor
 select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
        floor_f1       
@@ -281,6 +291,13 @@ SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
        | 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.11111110611109e-100
 (3 rows)
 
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
 -- take exp of ln(f.f1) 
 SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f

src/test/regress/expected/numeric.out

@@ -646,10 +646,10 @@ SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
 (0 rows)
 
 -- ******************************
--- * POW(10, LN(value)) check
+-- * POWER(10, LN(value)) check
 -- ******************************
 DELETE FROM num_result;
-INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POW(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POWER(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
     FROM num_data
     WHERE val != '0.0';
 SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
@@ -708,6 +708,28 @@ SELECT * FROM fract_only;
 (6 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE fract_only;
+-- Simple check that ceil(), floor(), and round() work correctly
+CREATE TABLE ceil_floor_round (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.499999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.4999999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0000001');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-0.000001');
+SELECT a, ceil(a), ceiling(a), floor(a), round(a) FROM ceil_floor_round;
+     a     | ceil | ceiling | floor | round 
+-----------+------+---------+-------+-------
+      -5.5 |   -5 |      -5 |    -6 |    -6
+ -5.499999 |   -5 |      -5 |    -6 |    -5
+       9.5 |   10 |      10 |     9 |    10
+ 9.4999999 |   10 |      10 |     9 |     9
+       0.0 |    0 |       0 |     0 |     0
+ 0.0000001 |    1 |       1 |     0 |     0
+ -0.000001 |    0 |       0 |    -1 |     0
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ceil_floor_round;
 -- TO_CHAR()
 --
 SELECT '' AS to_char_1, to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999') 

src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql

@@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, %f.f1 AS trunc_f1
 SELECT '' AS five, f.f1, f.f1 % AS round_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
 
--- ceil
+-- ceil / ceiling
 select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
 
 -- floor
 select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
@@ -103,6 +104,9 @@ SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
    WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
 
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+
 -- take exp of ln(f.f1) 
 SELECT '' AS three, f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
    FROM FLOAT8_TBL f

src/test/regress/sql/numeric.sql

@@ -623,10 +623,10 @@ SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
     AND t1.result != t2.expected;
 
 -- ******************************
--- * POW(10, LN(value)) check
+-- * POWER(10, LN(value)) check
 -- ******************************
 DELETE FROM num_result;
-INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POW(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POWER(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
     FROM num_data
     WHERE val != '0.0';
 SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
@@ -655,6 +655,18 @@ INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (8, '0.00017');
 SELECT * FROM fract_only;
 DROP TABLE fract_only;
 
+-- Simple check that ceil(), floor(), and round() work correctly
+CREATE TABLE ceil_floor_round (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.499999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.4999999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0000001');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-0.000001');
+SELECT a, ceil(a), ceiling(a), floor(a), round(a) FROM ceil_floor_round;
+DROP TABLE ceil_floor_round;
+
 -- TO_CHAR()
 --
 SELECT '' AS to_char_1, to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999')