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Generated columns
This is an SQL-standard feature that allows creating columns that are computed from expressions rather than assigned, similar to a view or materialized view but on a column basis. This implements one kind of generated column: stored (computed on write). Another kind, virtual (computed on read), is planned for the future, and some room is left for it. Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b151f851-4019-bdb1-699e-ebab07d2f40a@2ndquadrant.com
This commit is contained in:
Peter Eisentraut
@ -113,6 +113,52 @@ SELECT * FROM test_like_id_3; -- identity was copied and applied
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(1 row)
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DROP TABLE test_like_id_1, test_like_id_2, test_like_id_3;
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CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_1 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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\d test_like_gen_1
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Table "public.test_like_gen_1"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
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a | integer | | |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
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INSERT INTO test_like_gen_1 (a) VALUES (1);
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SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_1;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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(1 row)
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CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_2 (LIKE test_like_gen_1);
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\d test_like_gen_2
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Table "public.test_like_gen_2"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
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a | integer | | |
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b | integer | | |
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INSERT INTO test_like_gen_2 (a) VALUES (1);
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SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_2;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 |
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(1 row)
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CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_3 (LIKE test_like_gen_1 INCLUDING GENERATED);
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\d test_like_gen_3
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Table "public.test_like_gen_3"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
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a | integer | | |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
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INSERT INTO test_like_gen_3 (a) VALUES (1);
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SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_3;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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(1 row)
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DROP TABLE test_like_gen_1, test_like_gen_2, test_like_gen_3;
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CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, y text); /* copies indexes */
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INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (5, 10);
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INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (20, 10); -- should fail
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768
src/test/regress/expected/generated.out
Normal file
768
src/test/regress/expected/generated.out
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
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-- sanity check of system catalog
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SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's');
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attrelid | attname | attgenerated
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----------+---------+--------------
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(0 rows)
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CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED);
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CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
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table_name | column_name | column_default | is_nullable | is_generated | generation_expression
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------------+-------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------
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gtest0 | a | | NO | NEVER |
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gtest0 | b | | YES | ALWAYS | 55
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gtest1 | a | | NO | NEVER |
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gtest1 | b | | YES | ALWAYS | (a * 2)
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(4 rows)
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SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
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table_name | column_name | dependent_column
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------------+-------------+------------------
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gtest1 | a | b
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(1 row)
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\d gtest1
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Table "public.gtest1"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
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a | integer | | not null |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
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Indexes:
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"gtest1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
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-- duplicate generated
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
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ERROR: multiple generation clauses specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_1"
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LINE 1: ...ARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ...
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^
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-- references to other generated columns, including self-references
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
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ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
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LINE 1: ...2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STO...
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^
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DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED);
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ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
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LINE 1: ...AYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STO...
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^
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DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
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-- invalid reference
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED);
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ERROR: column "c" does not exist
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LINE 1: ..._3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STO...
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^
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-- generation expression must be immutable
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED);
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ERROR: generation expression is not immutable
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-- cannot have default/identity and generated
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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ERROR: both default and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5a"
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LINE 1: ... gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ...
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^
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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ERROR: both identity and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5b"
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LINE 1: ...t PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ...
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^
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-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED);
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ERROR: cannot use system column "xmin" in column generation expression
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LINE 1: ...a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37...
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^
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-- various prohibited constructs
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED);
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ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
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LINE 1: ...7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) ST...
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^
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED);
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ERROR: window functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
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LINE 1: ...7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number...
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^
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED);
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ERROR: cannot use subquery in column generation expression
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LINE 1: ...7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)...
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^
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED);
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ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
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LINE 1: ...7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_s...
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^
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1);
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT);
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33); -- error
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ERROR: cannot insert into column "b"
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column.
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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2 | 4
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(2 rows)
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UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1;
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UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1; -- error
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ERROR: column "b" can only be updated to DEFAULT
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column.
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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2 | 4
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(2 rows)
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SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b | b2
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---+---+----
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1 | 2 | 4
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2 | 4 | 8
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(2 rows)
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SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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2 | 4
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(1 row)
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-- test that overflow error happens on write
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000);
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ERROR: integer out of range
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SELECT * FROM gtest1;
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a | b
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---+---
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2 | 4
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1 | 2
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(2 rows)
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DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000;
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-- test with joins
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CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int);
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INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
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SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a;
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x | y | a | b
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----+---+---+---
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11 | 1 | 1 | 2
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22 | 2 | 2 | 4
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(2 rows)
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DROP TABLE gtestx;
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-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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2 | 4
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(2 rows)
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UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4;
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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3 | 6
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(2 rows)
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DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2;
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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3 | 6
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(1 row)
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-- views
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CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1;
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SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
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a | b
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---+---
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3 | 6
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(1 row)
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INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8); -- fails
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ERROR: cannot insert into column "b"
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column.
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DROP VIEW gtest1v;
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-- CTEs
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WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo;
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a | b
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---+---
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3 | 6
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(1 row)
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-- inheritance
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CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1);
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SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
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a | b
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---+---
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(0 rows)
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\d gtest1_1
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Table "public.gtest1_1"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
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a | integer | | not null |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
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Inherits: gtest1
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INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4);
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SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
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a | b
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---+---
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4 | 8
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(1 row)
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SELECT * FROM gtest1;
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a | b
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---+---
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3 | 6
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4 | 8
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(2 rows)
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-- test inheritance mismatch
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CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int);
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CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty); -- error
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NOTICE: merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
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ERROR: inherited column "b" has a generation conflict
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DROP TABLE gtesty;
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-- test stored update
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CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3);
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 3
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2 | 6
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3 | 9
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(3 rows)
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UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2;
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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----+----
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1 | 3
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3 | 9
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22 | 66
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(3 rows)
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-- COPY
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TRUNCATE gtest1;
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INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
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COPY gtest1 TO stdout;
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1
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2
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COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout;
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
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COPY gtest1 FROM stdin;
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COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin;
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | 2
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2 | 4
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3 | 6
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4 | 8
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(4 rows)
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TRUNCATE gtest3;
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INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
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COPY gtest3 TO stdout;
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1
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2
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COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout;
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
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COPY gtest3 FROM stdin;
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COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin;
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
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a | b
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---+----
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1 | 3
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2 | 6
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3 | 9
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4 | 12
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(4 rows)
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-- null values
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CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1);
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SELECT * FROM gtest2;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 |
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(1 row)
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-- composite types
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CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int);
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CREATE TABLE gtest4 (
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a int,
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b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED
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);
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INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6);
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SELECT * FROM gtest4;
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a | b
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---+---------
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1 | (2,3)
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6 | (12,18)
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(2 rows)
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DROP TABLE gtest4;
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DROP TYPE double_int;
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-- using tableoid is allowed
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CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid (
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a int PRIMARY KEY,
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b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid <> 0) STORED
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);
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INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2);
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SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid;
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a | b
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---+---
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1 | t
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2 | t
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(2 rows)
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-- drop column behavior
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CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
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ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b;
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\d gtest10
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Table "public.gtest10"
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
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a | integer | | not null |
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Indexes:
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"gtest10_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
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CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b;
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INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1);
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-- privileges
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CREATE USER regress_user11;
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CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
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GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11;
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CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL;
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REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
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CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
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GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11;
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SET ROLE regress_user11;
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SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s; -- not allowed
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ERROR: permission denied for table gtest11s
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SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s; -- allowed
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a | c
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---+----
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1 | 20
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2 | 40
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(2 rows)
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SELECT gf1(10); -- not allowed
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ERROR: permission denied for function gf1
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SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s; -- allowed
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a | c
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---+----
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1 | 30
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2 | 60
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(2 rows)
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RESET ROLE;
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DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s;
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DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);
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DROP USER regress_user11;
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-- check constraints
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CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50));
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INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10); -- ok
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INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30); -- violates constraint
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ERROR: new row for relation "gtest20" violates check constraint "gtest20_b_check"
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DETAIL: Failing row contains (30, 60).
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CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10);
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INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30);
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ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50); -- fails on existing row
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ERROR: check constraint "gtest20a_b_check" is violated by some row
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CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
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INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10);
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||||
INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID;
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk; -- fails on existing row
|
||||
ERROR: check constraint "chk" is violated by some row
|
||||
-- not-null constraints
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint
|
||||
ERROR: null value in column "b" violates not-null constraint
|
||||
DETAIL: Failing row contains (0, null).
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint
|
||||
ERROR: null value in column "b" violates not-null constraint
|
||||
DETAIL: Failing row contains (0, null).
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- ok now
|
||||
-- index constraints
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3);
|
||||
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22a_b_key"
|
||||
DETAIL: Key (b)=(1) already exists.
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
|
||||
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22b_pkey"
|
||||
DETAIL: Key (a, b)=(2, 1) already exists.
|
||||
-- indexes
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3));
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0;
|
||||
\d gtest22c
|
||||
Table "public.gtest22c"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
|
||||
a | integer | | |
|
||||
b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
|
||||
Indexes:
|
||||
"gtest22c_b_idx" btree (b)
|
||||
"gtest22c_expr_idx" btree ((b * 3))
|
||||
"gtest22c_pred_idx" btree (a) WHERE b > 0
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3);
|
||||
SET enable_seqscan TO off;
|
||||
SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
|
||||
QUERY PLAN
|
||||
---------------------------------------------
|
||||
Index Scan using gtest22c_b_idx on gtest22c
|
||||
Index Cond: (b = 4)
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+---
|
||||
2 | 4
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
|
||||
QUERY PLAN
|
||||
------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Index Scan using gtest22c_expr_idx on gtest22c
|
||||
Index Cond: ((b * 3) = 6)
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+---
|
||||
1 | 2
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
|
||||
QUERY PLAN
|
||||
------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Index Scan using gtest22c_pred_idx on gtest22c
|
||||
Index Cond: (a = 1)
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+---
|
||||
1 | 2
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
RESET enable_seqscan;
|
||||
RESET enable_bitmapscan;
|
||||
-- foreign keys
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: invalid ON UPDATE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x));
|
||||
\d gtest23b
|
||||
Table "public.gtest23b"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
|
||||
a | integer | | not null |
|
||||
b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored
|
||||
Indexes:
|
||||
"gtest23b_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
|
||||
Foreign-key constraints:
|
||||
"gtest23b_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (b) REFERENCES gtest23a(x)
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: insert or update on table "gtest23b" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23b_b_fkey"
|
||||
DETAIL: Key (b)=(10) is not present in table "gtest23a".
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23b;
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23a;
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: insert or update on table "gtest23q" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23q_b_fkey"
|
||||
DETAIL: Key (b)=(5) is not present in table "gtest23p".
|
||||
-- domains
|
||||
CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: value for domain gtestdomain1 violates check constraint "gtestdomain1_check"
|
||||
-- typed tables (currently not supported)
|
||||
CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED);
|
||||
ERROR: generated columns are not supported on typed tables
|
||||
DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE;
|
||||
-- table partitions (currently not supported)
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent (
|
||||
f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
|
||||
) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
|
||||
ERROR: generated columns are not supported on partitions
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
|
||||
-- partitioned table
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01');
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
|
||||
f1 | f2 | f3
|
||||
------------+----+----
|
||||
07-15-2016 | 1 | 2
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_child;
|
||||
f1 | f2 | f3
|
||||
------------+----+----
|
||||
07-15-2016 | 1 | 2
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
|
||||
-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed)
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
|
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column in partition key
|
||||
LINE 1: ...ENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
|
||||
^
|
||||
DETAIL: Column "f3" is a generated column.
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
|
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column in partition key
|
||||
LINE 1: ...ED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
|
||||
^
|
||||
DETAIL: Column "f3" is a generated column.
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+----
|
||||
3 | 9
|
||||
4 | 12
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED; -- error
|
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
|
||||
DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED; -- error
|
||||
ERROR: column "z" does not exist
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest27 (
|
||||
a int,
|
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest27 (a) VALUES (3), (4);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text; -- error
|
||||
ERROR: cannot alter type of a column used by a generated column
|
||||
DETAIL: Column "a" is used by generated column "b".
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric;
|
||||
\d gtest27
|
||||
Table "public.gtest27"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+--------------------------------------
|
||||
a | integer | | |
|
||||
b | numeric | | | generated always as ((a * 2)) stored
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest27;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+---
|
||||
3 | 6
|
||||
4 | 8
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE boolean USING b <> 0; -- error
|
||||
ERROR: generation expression for column "b" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT; -- error
|
||||
ERROR: column "b" of relation "gtest27" is a generated column
|
||||
\d gtest27
|
||||
Table "public.gtest27"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+--------------------------------------
|
||||
a | integer | | |
|
||||
b | numeric | | | generated always as ((a * 2)) stored
|
||||
|
||||
-- triggers
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest26 (
|
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN
|
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN
|
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN
|
||||
RETURN OLD;
|
||||
ELSE
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
END
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- error
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
ERROR: BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns
|
||||
LINE 3: WHEN (NEW.b < 0)
|
||||
^
|
||||
DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column.
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL) -- error
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
ERROR: BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns
|
||||
LINE 3: WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL)
|
||||
^
|
||||
DETAIL: A whole-row reference is used and the table contains generated columns.
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.a < 0)
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3);
|
||||
INFO: gtest2: BEFORE: new = (-2,)
|
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: new = (-2,-4)
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
----+----
|
||||
-2 | -4
|
||||
0 | 0
|
||||
3 | 6
|
||||
(3 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2;
|
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-2,-4)
|
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: new = (4,)
|
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: old = (-2,-4)
|
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: new = (4,8)
|
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: old = (3,6)
|
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: new = (-6,-12)
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
----+-----
|
||||
-6 | -12
|
||||
0 | 0
|
||||
4 | 8
|
||||
(3 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6;
|
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-6,-12)
|
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: old = (-6,-12)
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
---+---
|
||||
0 | 0
|
||||
4 | 8
|
||||
(2 rows)
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26;
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26;
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26;
|
||||
-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per
|
||||
-- SQL standard.
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
RAISE NOTICE 'OK';
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3();
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0;
|
||||
NOTICE: OK
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26;
|
||||
TRUNCATE gtest26;
|
||||
-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do
|
||||
-- not get propagated
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
NEW.a = 10;
|
||||
NEW.b = 300;
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END;
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4();
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1;
|
||||
INFO: gtest12_01: BEFORE: old = (1,2)
|
||||
INFO: gtest12_01: BEFORE: new = (11,)
|
||||
INFO: gtest12_03: BEFORE: old = (1,2)
|
||||
INFO: gtest12_03: BEFORE: new = (10,)
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
a | b
|
||||
----+----
|
||||
10 | 20
|
||||
(1 row)
|
||||
|
||||
-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28a (
|
||||
a int,
|
||||
b int,
|
||||
c int,
|
||||
x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a;
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED);
|
||||
\d gtest28*
|
||||
Table "public.gtest28a"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
|
||||
b | integer | | |
|
||||
c | integer | | |
|
||||
x | integer | | | generated always as (b * 2) stored
|
||||
|
||||
Table "public.gtest28b"
|
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
|
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
|
||||
b | integer | | |
|
||||
c | integer | | |
|
||||
x | integer | | | generated always as (b * 2) stored
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ test: select_into select_distinct select_distinct_on select_implicit select_havi
|
||||
# ----------
|
||||
# Another group of parallel tests
|
||||
# ----------
|
||||
test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview lock replica_identity rowsecurity object_address tablesample groupingsets drop_operator password identity
|
||||
test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview lock replica_identity rowsecurity object_address tablesample groupingsets drop_operator password identity generated
|
||||
|
||||
# ----------
|
||||
# Another group of parallel tests
|
||||
|
||||
@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ test: groupingsets
|
||||
test: drop_operator
|
||||
test: password
|
||||
test: identity
|
||||
test: generated
|
||||
test: create_table_like
|
||||
test: alter_generic
|
||||
test: alter_operator
|
||||
|
||||
@ -51,6 +51,20 @@ INSERT INTO test_like_id_3 (b) VALUES ('b3');
|
||||
SELECT * FROM test_like_id_3; -- identity was copied and applied
|
||||
DROP TABLE test_like_id_1, test_like_id_2, test_like_id_3;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_1 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
\d test_like_gen_1
|
||||
INSERT INTO test_like_gen_1 (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_1;
|
||||
CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_2 (LIKE test_like_gen_1);
|
||||
\d test_like_gen_2
|
||||
INSERT INTO test_like_gen_2 (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_2;
|
||||
CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_3 (LIKE test_like_gen_1 INCLUDING GENERATED);
|
||||
\d test_like_gen_3
|
||||
INSERT INTO test_like_gen_3 (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_3;
|
||||
DROP TABLE test_like_gen_1, test_like_gen_2, test_like_gen_3;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, y text); /* copies indexes */
|
||||
INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (5, 10);
|
||||
INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (20, 10); -- should fail
|
||||
|
||||
451
src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql
Normal file
451
src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
|
||||
-- sanity check of system catalog
|
||||
SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's');
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
|
||||
|
||||
\d gtest1
|
||||
|
||||
-- duplicate generated
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- references to other generated columns, including self-references
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- invalid reference
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- generation expression must be immutable
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- cannot have default/identity and generated
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
-- various prohibited constructs
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED);
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33); -- error
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1;
|
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1; -- error
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
-- test that overflow error happens on write
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1;
|
||||
DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000;
|
||||
|
||||
-- test with joins
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a;
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtestx;
|
||||
|
||||
-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
-- views
|
||||
CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8); -- fails
|
||||
DROP VIEW gtest1v;
|
||||
|
||||
-- CTEs
|
||||
WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo;
|
||||
|
||||
-- inheritance
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
|
||||
\d gtest1_1
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1;
|
||||
|
||||
-- test inheritance mismatch
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty); -- error
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtesty;
|
||||
|
||||
-- test stored update
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
-- COPY
|
||||
TRUNCATE gtest1;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 TO stdout;
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout;
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 FROM stdin;
|
||||
3
|
||||
4
|
||||
\.
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
TRUNCATE gtest3;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 TO stdout;
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout;
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 FROM stdin;
|
||||
3
|
||||
4
|
||||
\.
|
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
-- null values
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest2;
|
||||
|
||||
-- composite types
|
||||
CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest4 (
|
||||
a int,
|
||||
b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest4;
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest4;
|
||||
DROP TYPE double_int;
|
||||
|
||||
-- using tableoid is allowed
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid (
|
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid <> 0) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid;
|
||||
|
||||
-- drop column behavior
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b;
|
||||
|
||||
\d gtest10
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
|
||||
-- privileges
|
||||
CREATE USER regress_user11;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
|
||||
GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL;
|
||||
REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
|
||||
GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11;
|
||||
|
||||
SET ROLE regress_user11;
|
||||
SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s; -- not allowed
|
||||
SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s; -- allowed
|
||||
SELECT gf1(10); -- not allowed
|
||||
SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s; -- allowed
|
||||
RESET ROLE;
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s;
|
||||
DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);
|
||||
DROP USER regress_user11;
|
||||
|
||||
-- check constraints
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30); -- violates constraint
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50); -- fails on existing row
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID;
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk; -- fails on existing row
|
||||
|
||||
-- not-null constraints
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL;
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- ok now
|
||||
|
||||
-- index constraints
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
|
||||
|
||||
-- indexes
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3));
|
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0;
|
||||
\d gtest22c
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3);
|
||||
SET enable_seqscan TO off;
|
||||
SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
|
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
|
||||
RESET enable_seqscan;
|
||||
RESET enable_bitmapscan;
|
||||
|
||||
-- foreign keys
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33);
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE); -- error
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL); -- error
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x));
|
||||
\d gtest23b
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5); -- error
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23b;
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23a;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3);
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y));
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5); -- error
|
||||
|
||||
-- domains
|
||||
CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4); -- ok
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6); -- error
|
||||
|
||||
-- typed tables (currently not supported)
|
||||
CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED);
|
||||
DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE;
|
||||
|
||||
-- table partitions (currently not supported)
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent (
|
||||
f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
|
||||
) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
|
||||
|
||||
-- partitioned table
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01');
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_child;
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
|
||||
|
||||
-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed)
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
|
||||
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED; -- error
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED; -- error
|
||||
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest27 (
|
||||
a int,
|
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest27 (a) VALUES (3), (4);
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text; -- error
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric;
|
||||
\d gtest27
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest27;
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE boolean USING b <> 0; -- error
|
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT; -- error
|
||||
\d gtest27
|
||||
|
||||
-- triggers
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest26 (
|
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN
|
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN
|
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN
|
||||
RETURN OLD;
|
||||
ELSE
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END IF;
|
||||
END
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- error
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL) -- error
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.a < 0)
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- ok
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3);
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26;
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26;
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26;
|
||||
|
||||
-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per
|
||||
-- SQL standard.
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
RAISE NOTICE 'OK';
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3();
|
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26;
|
||||
TRUNCATE gtest26;
|
||||
|
||||
-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do
|
||||
-- not get propagated
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger
|
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
||||
AS $$
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
NEW.a = 10;
|
||||
NEW.b = 300;
|
||||
RETURN NEW;
|
||||
END;
|
||||
$$;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4();
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1);
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1;
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
|
||||
|
||||
-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28a (
|
||||
a int,
|
||||
b int,
|
||||
c int,
|
||||
x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a;
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED);
|
||||
|
||||
\d gtest28*
|
||||
65
src/test/subscription/t/011_generated.pl
Normal file
65
src/test/subscription/t/011_generated.pl
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
# Test generated columns
|
||||
use strict;
|
||||
use warnings;
|
||||
use PostgresNode;
|
||||
use TestLib;
|
||||
use Test::More tests => 2;
|
||||
|
||||
# setup
|
||||
|
||||
my $node_publisher = get_new_node('publisher');
|
||||
$node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
|
||||
$node_publisher->start;
|
||||
|
||||
my $node_subscriber = get_new_node('subscriber');
|
||||
$node_subscriber->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
|
||||
$node_subscriber->start;
|
||||
|
||||
my $publisher_connstr = $node_publisher->connstr . ' dbname=postgres';
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"CREATE TABLE tab1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED)");
|
||||
|
||||
$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"CREATE TABLE tab1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED)");
|
||||
|
||||
# data for initial sync
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"INSERT INTO tab1 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3)");
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"CREATE PUBLICATION pub1 FOR ALL TABLES");
|
||||
$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub1 CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr' PUBLICATION pub1"
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
# Wait for initial sync of all subscriptions
|
||||
my $synced_query =
|
||||
"SELECT count(1) = 0 FROM pg_subscription_rel WHERE srsubstate NOT IN ('r', 's');";
|
||||
$node_subscriber->poll_query_until('postgres', $synced_query)
|
||||
or die "Timed out while waiting for subscriber to synchronize data";
|
||||
|
||||
my $result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"SELECT a, b FROM tab1");
|
||||
is($result, qq(1|22
|
||||
2|44
|
||||
3|66), 'generated columns initial sync');
|
||||
|
||||
# data to replicate
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"INSERT INTO tab1 VALUES (4), (5)");
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"UPDATE tab1 SET a = 6 WHERE a = 5");
|
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup('sub1');
|
||||
|
||||
$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
|
||||
"SELECT a, b FROM tab1");
|
||||
is($result, qq(1|22
|
||||
2|44
|
||||
3|66
|
||||
4|88
|
||||
6|132), 'generated columns replicated');
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user